Toplumsal Hareketlerde Facebook ve Twitter’ın Rolü: Türkiye’de 15 Temmuz Darbe Girişimi Üzerine Bir Çalışma

The original article was published on May 31, 2019. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/turcom/article/477180

Erratum Note

Dergimizin 2019 yılına ait özel sayısında yayınlanan “The Role of Facebook and Twitter in Social Movements: A Study on the July 15 Coup Attempt in Turkey” başlıklı makale, tezden üretildiğine dair dipnot olmadan yayınlanmıştır. İlgili dipnot aşağıdaki gibidir: *Bu makale 4 Eylül 2017 tarihinde SOAS, University of London kurumunda tamamlanan “The role of social media in social movements: A case study of the 15th July coup attempt in Turkey” başlıklı yüksek lisans tezinden üretilmiştir. Makalenin orijinaline erişmek için (doi: 10.17829/turcom.477180): https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/turcom/issue/45685/477180

Abstract

Günümüzde sosyal hareketler ve dijital platformlar arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanan önemli bir tartışma

vardır. Bu çalışmada, 15 Temmuz 2016’da Türkiye’de gerçekleşen darbe girişimindeki bazı sosyal medya

platformları’nın (Twitter ve Facebook) oynamış oldukları roller analiz edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, 15

Temmuz darbe girişimi sırasında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşlarının sosyal ve dijital medyayı nasıl

kullandıklarını anlatan web analizi yer almaktadır. Bu araştırmada nitel içerik analizi kullanılmaktadır ve

bu analizde: (1) Twitter’da yer alan tweetlerin ve trend hashtaglerin incelenmesi; (2) Facebook sayfalarının

ve gruplarının fotoğraflar, videolar ve yorumlar dahil edilerek incelenmesi yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma,

Facebook ve Twitter’ın eylem yapan darbe karşıtları arasında; etkin bir iletişimin sağlanması, etkili

seferberlik ve ortak bir kimlik oluşturma süreci ile vatandaşların Fethullahçı Terör Örgütü tarafından

organize edilen darbe girişimine direnişinde hayati bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Çalışma ayrıca, sosyal

web sitelerinde paylaşılan fotoğrafların ve videoların, 15 Temmuz darbe girişimi sırasında ve sonrasında

nasıl motive edici role sahip olduklarını gösteriyor.

Keywords

• Toplumsal hareketler,Sosyal medya,darbe girisimi,Turkiye,Direnis ve Harekete gecirme

The Role of Facebook and Twitter in Social Movements: A Study on the July 15 Coup Attempt in Turkey

The original article was published on May 31, 2019. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/turcom/article/477180

Abstract

There is currently a considerable degree of discussion focusing on the relationship between social

movements and digital platforms. This paper investigates the role played by several social media platforms

(Twitter and Facebook) in the coup attempt in Turkey on July 15th, 2016. It includes an analysis of web

content to establish ways to understand the usage of social and digital media by Turkish citizens on the July

15 coup. The research uses qualitative content analysis, including: (1) an examination of tweets and trending

hashtags on Twitter; and (2) an examination of Facebook pages and groups, including photographs, videos

and comments. This study indicates that Twitter and Facebook played a vital role in the resistance of citizens

against the coup attempt, which was organised by the Gulenist terrorist organisation, through the provision

of effective communication between activists, along with their effective mobilisation and the process of

establishing a common identity. The study also demonstrates how photographs and videos shared on social

websites became positive motivators both during and following the 15th of July coup attempt.

Keywords

• Social movements,Social media,Coup attempt,Turkey,resistance and mobilisation

References

1. Akin, A., 2017. Conditions of sense making and news making in Turkey after the failed coup attempt: Sisyphus labor on two fronts. Journalism, 18(4), pp.518-532.
2. Baban, E. and Güzel, E., 2015. Digital Activism and Social Movements: How the World perceives the Gezi Movement. Amity Journal of Media & Communications Studies (AJMCS), 5.
3. Banko, M. and Babaoğlan, A.R., 2013. Gezi Parkı sürecine dijital vatandaş'ın etkisi ‘’Digital citizenship affects Gezi park process’’. M. Banko & AR Babaoğlan.Beaumont, P., 2011. The truth about Twitter, Facebook and the uprisings in the Arab world. The Guardian, [Online]. Available at; https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/25/twitter-facebook-uprisings-arab-libya [Accessed; 15 June 2017].
4. Bennett, W.L. and Segerberg, A., 2012. The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), pp.739-768.
5. Bozkurt, A., 2013. Sosyal Medyanın “Gezi” deki Rolü ‘’The role of Social media in Gezi’’. Bilişim Dergisi, 41(156), pp.50-98.
6. Cagaptay, S. and Jeffrey, J.F., 2016. Inside Turkey’s Failed Coup: What Happened?, Why?, What Next?. [Online]. Available at; http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policyanalysis/view/inside-turkeys-failed-coup-what-happened-why-what-next [Accessed; 02 June 2017].
7. Castells, M., 2015. Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the Internet age. John Wiley & Sons.
8. Castells, M.M.N., 2009. Communication power, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

9. Chadwick, A.M.N. and Howard, P.N, 2009. Routledge handbook of Internet politics, London ; New York: Routledge.
10. Ellison, N.B., Lampe, C. and Steinfield, C., 2009. Feature social network sites and society: current trends and future possibilities. interactions, 16(1), pp.6-9.
11. Erdogan, R.T., 2016. Milletimize demokrasimize ve milli iradeye sahip cikmak uzere meydanlara, havalimanlarina davet ediyorum [Twitter]. Available at: https://twitter.com/RT_Erdogan?lang=en [Accessed: 18 June 2017].
12. Erkul, R.E. and Kes-Erkul, A., 2009. Web 2.0 in the Process of e-participation: The Case of Organizing for America and the Obama Administration.
13. Gerbaudo, P. and Treré, E., 2015. In search of the ‘we’ of social media activism: introduction to the special issue on social media and protest identities. Information, Communication & Society, 18(8), pp.1–7.
14. Gerbaudo, P., 2012. Tweets and the streets: Social media and contemporary activism. Pluto Press.
15. Gerbaudo, P., 2017. The Mask and the Flag: Populism, Citizenism, and Global Protest. Oxford University Press.
16. Howard, P.N. and Parks, M.R., 2012. Social media and political change: Capacity, constraint, and consequence. Journal of communication, 62(2), pp.359-362.
17. Howard, P.N.M.N., 2011. Castells and the media, Cambridge: Polity.
18. Karagöz, S. and Kandemir, P., 2016. The Role that the Media Played in the Failure of the July 15 Coup Attempt. Insight Turkey, 18(3), p.19.
19. Mis, N., Gülener, S., Coşkun, İ., Duran, H. and Ayvaz Erkut, M., 2016. Temmuz Darbe Girişimi Toplumsal Algı Araştırması ‘’15th July coup attempt social perception research’’. Seta foundation [Online]. Available at; https://setav.org/assets/uploads/2016/08/15-temmuz-darbe1.pdf [Accessed; 05 May 2017].
20. Sert, N.Y., 2012. Online Aktivizm Araçları Yoluyla Oluşturulan Etkilerin Meta for Kullanılarak Açıklanması ‘’ Explanation of Effects Created Through Online Activism Tools Using Metaphors’’. Akdeniz Iletisim, (17).
21. Statt, N., 2016. Turkey’s president uses FaceTime to address ongoing military coup. [Online] Available at: https://www.theverge.com/2016/7/15/12203708/turkey-president-recep-tayyip-erdogan-apple-facetime-military-coup [Accessed: 22 June 2017].
22. T.C. Cumhurbaskanligi, 2016. Bu kalkışma hangi aşamaya gelirse gelsin, bu akşam sokaklara sahip çıkmaya devam etmeliyiz. Zira her an yeni bir hareketlenme olabilir [Twitter]. Available at: https://twitter.com/tcbestepe?lang=en [Accessed: 18 June 2017].
23. Tunc, A., 2014. Can pomegranates replace penguins? Social media and the rise of citizen journalism in Turkey. Freedom House.
24. Turkcell, 2016. Onemli aciklama:Hukumetimizin ve demokrasinin yanindayiz! [Twitter]. Avaiable at: https://twitter.com/Turkcell?lang=en [Accessed: 18 June 2017].
25. Unver, H.A. and Alassaad, H., 2016. How Turks Mobilized Against the Coup: The Power of the Mosque and the Hashtag. Foreign Affairs.
26. Zhang, Y., and Wildemuth, B. M., 2009. Qualitative analysis of content. In B. Wildemuth (Ed.), Applications of Social Research Methods to Questions In Information and Library Science (pp. 308-319). Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.