Covid-19 Sürecinde İletişimin Kriz, Sağlık ve Siyaset Perspektiflerinden Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2021, , 497 - 504, 31.12.2021

Yıldırım Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.932719

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Covid-19 açıkça bir kriz olarak betimlenmekte ve medya, siyasi tutum ve sağlık iletişimi bu
krizin kaynakları olarak görülmektedir. Koronavirüs hastalığının diğer yaygın bilinen adıyla Covid-19’un
hayatımıza girdiği günden beri televizyonlarda açıklanan vaka sayıları ve ölüm oranları, halkta yaratılan
korku, panik ve endişe durumu, tıp doktorları ve konunun uzmanlarının günden güne değişen açıklamaları,
yaşanan durumu krize çevirmiş ve iletişimde açıklık ve şeffaflık sağlanamamıştır. Sosyal medyada yaşanan
bilgi kirliliği ile yanlış bilgi üretimi, virüsün yayılma hızından bile fazla olmuş, insanlar doğru kaynaklardan
doğru bilgiye erişmede zorluklar yaşamıştır. Yaşanan halk sağlığı krizinin siyasi kişilikler tarafından politize
edilmesi, virüsün yayılmasına yönelik alınan tedbirlere uyulmasını zorlaştırmıştır. Dünya üzerindeki
bütün ülkelerin insan hayatını kurtarmakla ekonomiyi kurtarmak arasında bir seçim yapmak zorunda
kalması, hastalık tehdidinin algılanan ciddiyetini doğrudan etkilemiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda iletişimin
merkeziyetine vurgu yapılmakta olup, dünyada yaşanan bu salgının etkin, önceden planlanan iletişim
stratejileriyle yürütülmesi, bilim ile halk arasında yalın, anlaşılır ve amaca dönük iletişimin kurulması
gerektiğinin altı çizilmektedir.

Keywords

Covid-19, Kriz İletişimi, Medya, Halk sağlığı iletişimi, siyasal iletişim

Evaluation of Communication from Crisis, Health and Politics Perspectives in the Covid-19 Process

Abstract

In this study, Covid-19 is clearly described as a crisis and media, political attitudes and health communication
are seen as sources of this crisis. Since the day the coronavirus disease entered our lives, the number of
cases and death rates announced on television, the fear, panic and anxiety created in the public, the daily
changing statements of medical doctors and experts in the field have turned the situation into a crisis
and clarity and transparency in communication has not been achieved. With the information pollution in social media, the production of false information has been even more than the spread of the virus, and
people have had difficulties in accessing the right information from the right sources. The politicization of
the public health crisis by political figures has made it difficult to comply with the measures taken for the
spread of the virus. The fact that countries around the world have to choose between saving human lives or
saving the economy has directly affected the perceived severity of the disease threat. As a result of this study,
the centrality of communication is emphasized and it is underlined that this epidemic in the world should
be carried out with effective and pre-planned communication strategies, and simple, understandable and
purpose-oriented communication should be established between science and the public.

Keywords

Covid-19, Crisis Communication, Media, Public Health Communication, Political Communication

References

• Abraham, T. (2020). COVID-19 communication in India. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 13(1), 10-12
• Al-Motlaq, M.A. (2021). There is No Corona; It’s a Conspiracy: Addressing the Perceptions of People about COVID-19 through the Narrative of Their Comments on Social Media. Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet, 25(1), 65-76.
• Ariadne L. (2020). COVID-19 Telehealth Communication Tips. 13.04.2021 tarihinde https://covid19.ariadnelabs. org/serious-illness-care-program-covid-19-response-toolkit/#inpatient-resources adresinden erişildi.
• Back, A., Tulsky, J.A., ve Arnold, R.M. (2020). Communication Skills in the Age of COVID-19. Annals of Internal Medicine, American College of Physicians, 172(11), 759-761.
• Biss, M. (2020). Patient Voices: Covid-19 and the therapeutic value of communication. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 13(4), 260-261
• Briand, S. (2020). A Voice from the frontline: the role of risk communication in managing the COVID-19 Infodemic and engaging communities in pandemic response. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 13(1), 6-9.
• De Bruin, B. W. ve Bennett, D. (2020). USC study finds increasing actions, and risk perceptions, for coronavirus. The Evidence Base. 13.04.2021 tarihinde https://healthpolicy.usc.edu/evidencebase/usc-study-findsincreasing- actions-and-self-diagnosis-with-coronavirus/ adresinden erişildi.
• Chronopoulos, D.K., Lukas, M., ve Wilson, J.O. (2020). Consumer spending responses to the Covid-19 pandemic: An assessment of Great Britain. In C. Wyplosz (Ed.), Covid Economics Vetted and Real- Time Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), 34(3), 145-186.
• Donthu, N., ve A. Gustafsson (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on business and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 284-289.
• Eysenbach, G. (2020). How to fight an Infodemic: The four pillars of Infodemic management. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(6).
• Glik, D.C. (2007). Risk communication for public health emergencies. Annual Review of Public Health, 28, 33- 54.
• Gordils, J., Elliot, A.J., Toprakkiran, S., ve Jamieson, J.P. (2021). The effects of COVID-19 on perceived intergroup competition and negative intergroup outcomes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 161(4), 419-434
• Guttman, N., ve Lev, E. (2021). Ethical Issues in COVID-19 Communication to Mitigate the Pandemic: Dilemmas and Practical Implications. Health Communication, 36(1), 116-123.
• Hall, M.C., Prayag, G., Fieger, P., ve Dyason, D. (2020). Beyond panic buying: consumption displacement and COVID-19. Journal of Service Management, 32(1), 113-128
• He, H., ve Harris, L. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on corporate social responsibility and marketing Philosophy. Journal of Business Research 116, 176-182.
• Jacobsen, K.H., ve Vraga, E.K. (2020). Improving communication about COVID‐19 and emerging infectious diseases. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 50(5).
• Jiang, Y., ve Wen, J. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on hotel marketing and management: a perspective article. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(8), 2563-2573.
• Kirk, C. P., ve Rifkin, L. S. (2020). I’ll trade you diamonds for toilet paper: Consumer reacting, coping and adapting behaviors in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Business Research, 117, 124-131.
• Laato, S., Islam, A.N., Farooq, A., ve Dhir, A. (2020). Unusual purchasing behavior during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: The stimulus-organism-response approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57, 1-12.
• Malecki, K.M.C., Keating, J.A., ve Safdar, N. (2021). Crisis communication and public perception of COVID-19 risk in the era of social media. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 72(4), 697-702.
• Miller, J., ve Key, J. (2020). Slightly more than 1 out of 4 Americans believe they have almost no chance of being infected with coronavirus in next 3 months. 13.04.2021 tarihinde https://healthpolicy.usc.edu/article/ slightly-more-than-1-out-of-4-americans-believe-they-have-almost-no-chance-of-being-infectedwith- coronavirus-in-next-3-months/ adresinden erişildi.
• Noar, S.M., ve Austin, L. (2020). (Mis)communicating about COVID-19: Insights from Health and Crisis Communication. Health Communication, 35(14), 1735-1739
• Patil, B., ve Patil, N. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Consumer Behaviour. Mukt Shabd Journal, 9(5), 3074-3085
• Shaluf, I. M., ve Said, A. M. (2003). A review of disaster and crisis. Disaster Prevention and Management, 12(1): 24-32
• Sindhu, K.K. (2020). The Phone: Communication in the Age of COVID-19, Patient Education and Counseling, 104(8), 1889-1990
• Viswanath, K., Lee, E.W., ve Pinnamaneni, R. (2020). We Need the Lens of Equity in COVID-19 Communication. Health Communication, 35(14), 1743-1746.
• Voicu, M., ve Bădoi, D. (2021). Fertility and the COVID-19 crisis: do gender roles really matter?. European Societies, 23(1), 199-214.
• Wen, J., Kozak, M., Yang, S., ve Liu, F. (2020), COVID-19: potential effects on Chinese citizens’ lifestyle and travel. Tourism Review, 76(1), 74-87.
• Wittenberg, E., Goldsmith, J.V., Chen, C., Prince-Paul, M., ve Johnson, R.R. (2021). Opportunities to improve COVID-19 provider communication resources: A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 104, 438-451
• Yu, M., Li, Z., Yu, Z., He, J., ve Zhou, J. (2020). Communication related health crisis on social media: a case of COVID-19 outbreak. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(19), 2699-2705
• Zhang, R. (2021). How media politicize COVID-19 lockdowns: a case study comparing frame use in the coverage of Wuhan and Italy lockdowns by The New York Times. Media Asia, 48(2), 89-107