Behavioral Insights as a Public Policy Tool

Year 2019, Issue: 34, 247 - 274, 30.12.2019

Sebnem Ozdemir

https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.526240

Cited By: 5

Abstract

The last few years saw increasing use
of behavioral insight as a tool by the governments all around the globe.
Numerous pieces of scholarship published in the last decade, not to mention
substantial efforts in research, countless reports and other studies show that
behavioral insight offers value-added solutions to many policy problems. When
combined with the rather conventional tools available to the governments, such
as rewards (subsidies, incentives, means of support, scholarships, loans, etc.)
and punishments (traffic and tax fines, legal obligations, restrictions etc.),
behavioral insights can be used in soft-policy contexts. Enabling effective,
easy to implement and productive applications, behavioral insights can be used
in many issue areas including but not limited to the environment, health,
education, energy, finance, and social security. The study was designed as a
piece of descriptive research. The major axes of the study are the benefits
behavioral insight practices offer over the conventional policy tools, the
specific issue areas where behavioral insights are employed by the governments,
the processes whereby behavioral insights are used as public policy tools, and
finally the ethical approaches to behavioral insights. As one of the first
studies done on this matter in Turkey, the study would contribute to the
literature in the fields of behavioral insights and nudging. 

Keywords

Behavioral Insights, Nudging, Choice Architecture, Liberal Paternalism, Public Policy

Bir Kamu Politikası Aracı Olarak Davranışsal İçgörü

Abstract

Davranışsal
içgörü, dünyada özellikle son birkaç yıldır hükümetler tarafından gittikçe
artan şekilde kullanılan bir araç haline gelmiştir. Son on sene içerisinde
yayınlanan pek çok yayın araştırma, rapor ve benzeri çalışmalar göstermektedir
ki davranışsal içgörü, pek çok politika sorununa katma değerli çözümler
getirebilme yetisine sahiptir. Ödül (sübvansiyonlar, teşvikler, ödüller,
burslar, krediler vb.) ve ceza (trafik ve vergi cezaları, yasal zorunluluklar,
kısıtlamalar... vb. ) gibi, devlet yönetiminin uyguladığı klasik yöntemlerin
yanı sıra bir tür yumuşak politika olarak karşımıza çıkan davranışsal içgörü /
dürtme uygulamaları, çevre, sağlık, eğitim, enerji, finans, sosyal güvenlik ve
daha pek çok alanda etkin, uygulaması kolay ve getirisi yüksek pratikler
yapmaya olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada davranışsal içgörü uygulamalarının
klasik politika araçları ile karşılaştırıldığında ne oranda faydalı olduğu,
hangi kurumlar ve devletler tarafından, hangi alanlarda, ne şekilde
kullanıldığı, davranışsal içgörünün bir kamu politikası aracı olarak
kullanılabilirliği ve konu çevresinde tartışılan etik yaklaşımlar
irdelenmiştir. Bu alanda ülkemizde yapılmış ilk çalışmalardan biri olması
sebebi ile çalışmanın davranışsal içgörü / dürtme konularında Türkçe yazına katkı
sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. 

Keywords

Davranışsal İçgörü, Dürtme, Seçenek Mimarisi, Liberal Paternalizm, Kamu Politikalar

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