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Sosyal Medyada Popülist Söylemler: 31 Mart 2019 Yerel Seçim Sürecinde Adayların Twitter Gönderilerinin Analizi

Year 2020, Issue: 35, 281 - 310, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.749210

Abstract

Popülist söylemlerin bir siyasal iletişim biçimi olarak nasıl kullanıldığını göstermeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada, 31 Mart 2019 yerel seçiminde siyasal ittifakları temsil eden belediye başkan adaylarının popülist söylem üretme biçimleri incelenmiştir. 2019 yerel seçiminde Twitter’ı etkin olarak kullanan üç büyük şehrin Cumhur ve Millet ittifakı adaylarının Twitter paylaşımları eleştirel söylem çözümlemesi ve içerik çözümlemesi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Ruth Wodak’ın popülist söylemlerle ilgili çözümleme kategorilerinden yararlanılarak Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AK Parti) ve Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP)’nin adaylarının seçim kampanyaları sürecindeki popülist söylemleri analiz edilmiştir. İçerik çözümlemesinde, popülist unsurlar içeren anahtar sözcükler üzerinden adayların bu sözcükleri ne sıklıkta kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Twitonomy uygulaması kullanılarak adayların üç aylık seçim kampanyası sürecinde ‘tweet’ ve tekrar paylaşılma sayıları ve adayların etkileşim düzeyleri üzerinden adayların popülerliğinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, popülizmin unsurlarının her iki ittifakın söylemlerinde de yer aldığı, ancak Cumhur ittifakının ana bileşeni olan AK Parti adaylarının popülist tondaki söylemlerinin daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Wodak’ın belirlediği popülist söylem stratejilerinin siyasal söylemlerde belirgin bir biçimde kullanıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Baykan, T. S. (2017). Halkçılık ve popülizm: Türkiye vakası ve bir kavramın kullanımları. Mülkiye Dergisi, 41 (1), 157-194. Block, E., ve Negrine, R. (2017). The populist communication style: Toward a critical framework. International Journal of Communication, 11(20), 178–197. Calhoun, C. (2011). Afterword: Religion’s many power. E. Mendieta ve J. Van Antwerpen (Ed.), The power of religion in the public sphere içinde (ss. 118-134), New York: Columbia University Press. Canovan, M. (1999). Trust the people! Populism and the two faces of democracy. Political Studies, 47(1), 2-16. Fassin, E. (2018). Popülizm: Büyük hınç. G. Kırnalı & İ. Kocael (Çev). Ankara: Heretik. Gidron, N., ve Bonikowski, B. (2014). Varieties of populism: Literature review and research agenda. Weatherhead Working Paper Series (13), 0–38. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2459387 Gimenez, E., ve Schwarz, N. (2016). The visual construction of “the people” and “proximity to the people” on the online platforms of the National Front and Swiss People’s Party. Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 41(2), 213-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11614-016-0200-3 Gualda, R. (2019). Hugo Chávez’s contemporary Latin American populist discourse. Populist discourse international perspectives içinde (ss. 59-87). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. Hawkins, K. (2003). Populism in Venezuela: The rise of Chavismo. Third World Quarterly, 24(6), 1137-1160. Heywood, A. (2012). Political Ideologies: An introduction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. İnal, A. (1996). Haberi okumak. İstanbul: Temuçin Yayınları. Jagers, J., ve Walgrave, S. (2007). Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political parties’ discourse in Belgium. European Journal of Political Research. 46(3), 319–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00690.x. Krämer, B. (2014). Media populism: A conceptual clarification and some theses on its effects. Communication Theory, 24, 42–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12029. Kriesi, H. (2014). The populist challenge. West European Politics, 37(2), 361-378. Laclau E. (2011). Popülizm: Bir Ad Ne İçerir? (Çev. H. Özen). Atılım Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 135-146. Maldonado, M. A. (2017). Rethinking populism in the digital age: social networks, political affects and post-truth democracies, 11.08.2019 tarihinde https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/214843865.pdf adresinden edinilmiştir. Mazzoleni, G. (2003). The media and the growth of neo-populism in contemporary democracies. G. Mazzoleni, J. Stewart, B. Horsfield, (Ed.). The media and neo-populism: A contemporary comparative analysis içinde (ss. 1-20). London: Praeger. Mazzoleni, G. (2008). Populism and the media. D. Albertazzi and D. McDonnell, (Ed.). Twenty-first century populism içinde (ss. 49-64) London: Palgrave Macmillan. Moffitt, B. (2019). Populism 2.0: Social media and the false allure of ‘unmediated’ representation. G.Fitzi, J.Mackert ve B. S. Turner (Ed.). Populism and the Crisis of Democracy içinde (ss. 30-46). Oxon: Routledge. Mudde, C. (2004). ‘The populist zeitgeist’, Government and Opposition. Vol. 39 (4), 542– 563. doI: https://doi. org/10.1111/j (2004): 1477-7053. Mudde, C., & Kaltwasser, C. R. (2011). Voices of the peoples: Populism in Europe and Latin America compared. South Bend, Indiana: Helen. Kellogg Institute for International Studies. Mudde, C., ve Kaltwasser, C.R. ( 2019). Popülizm kısa bir giriş. E. Türközü (Çev.). Ankara:Nika Müller, J. W. (2019). Popülizm Nedir. O. Yıldız (Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. Özer, Ö. (2018). Gökyüzüne çığlık: Öncülerden eleştirel söylem yaklaşımları ve örnek çözümlemeler. Konya: Literatürk. Pauwels, T. (2011). Measuring populism: A Quantitative text analysis of party literature in Belgium, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 21:1, 97-119 Postill, J. (2019). Populism and social media: A global perspective, 7.8.2019 tarihinde https://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/blog/populism-and-social-media-a-global-perspective adresinden edinilmiştir. Salgado, S. (2018). Where’s populism? Online media and the diffusion of populist discourses and styles in Portugal. European Political Science, 18(1), 53-65. doi: 10.1057/s41304-017-0137-4 Tarchi, M. (2013). Populism and political science: How to get rid of the “Cinderella Complex”. S. Gherghina, et al. (Ed.) Contemporary populism: A controversial concept and its diverse forms içinde (ss. 114-140) Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ProQuest Ebook Central, 22.03.2018 tarihinde http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/firat adresinden edinilmiştir. Toprak, Z. (1992). Popülizm ve Türkiye'deki boyutları. Tarih ve demokrasi Tarık Zafer Tunaya'ya armağan içinde (ss. 41-65). İstanbul: Cem Yayınları. de Vreese, C. H., Esser, F., Aalberg, T., Reinemann, C., ve Stanyer, J. (2018). Populism as an expression of political communication content and style: A new perspective. International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(4), 423–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218790035 Waisbord, S., ve Amado, A. (2017). Populist communication by digital means: presidential Twitter in Latin America. Information Communication and Society, 20(9), 1330–1346. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328521 Wodak, R., ve Meyer, M. (2009). Critical discourse analysis: History, agenda, theory and methodology. R. Wodak ve M. Meyer (Ed.). Methods of critical discourse analysis içinde (ss. 1-33). London: Sage. Wodak, R. (2013). 'Anything Goes’ - The Haiderization of Europe. R. Wodak, M. Khosravinik & B. Mral (Ed.). Right-wing populism in Europe: Politics and discourse içinde (ss. 23-38). London: Bloomsbury.
  • Wodak, R. (2015). The politics of fear: What right-wing populist discourses mean. London: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781446270073 Yetkin, B. (2010). Siyasal iletişim tarzı olarak popülizm: Popülizm ve Özal-Erdoğan. Antalya: Yeniden Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdafaa-i Hukuk Yayınları. Yıldırım, D. (2009). AKP ve neoliberal popülizm. İ.Uzgel, B. Duru (Ed.) AKP kitabı: Bir dönüşümün bilançosu içinde (ss. 66-107). Ankara: Phoenix.

Populist Discourses on Social Media: Analysis of the Candidates’ Twitter Posts in the Local Election Process of March 31, 2019

Year 2020, Issue: 35, 281 - 310, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.749210

Abstract

In this study, which aims to show how populist discourses are used as a form of political communication, the forms of populist discourse of the mayoral candidates representing political alliances in the 31 March 2019 local elections were examined. In the 2019 local elections, Twitter sharing of the candidates of the People’s and Nation’s alliances of the three major cities using Twitter effectively were analyzed through critical discourse analysis and content analysis. By utilizing Ruth Wodak’s analysis categories related to populist discourses, the populist discourses of the candidates of the AK Party and the Republican People’s Party (CHP) during the election campaigns were analyzed. In the content analysis, it was identified how often the candidates used these words through keywords containing populist elements. In addition, by using the Twitonomy application, it was aimed to measure the popularity of the candidates over the amount of tweet and retweet numbers and their interaction levels during the three-month election campaign. As a result of the study, it was found that the elements of populism were included in the discourses of both alliances, but the canditates of AK Party, which is the main component of the People’s alliance, had further populist discourses. It was concluded that the populist discourse strategies determined by Wodak were used prominently in political discourses.

References

  • Baykan, T. S. (2017). Halkçılık ve popülizm: Türkiye vakası ve bir kavramın kullanımları. Mülkiye Dergisi, 41 (1), 157-194. Block, E., ve Negrine, R. (2017). The populist communication style: Toward a critical framework. International Journal of Communication, 11(20), 178–197. Calhoun, C. (2011). Afterword: Religion’s many power. E. Mendieta ve J. Van Antwerpen (Ed.), The power of religion in the public sphere içinde (ss. 118-134), New York: Columbia University Press. Canovan, M. (1999). Trust the people! Populism and the two faces of democracy. Political Studies, 47(1), 2-16. Fassin, E. (2018). Popülizm: Büyük hınç. G. Kırnalı & İ. Kocael (Çev). Ankara: Heretik. Gidron, N., ve Bonikowski, B. (2014). Varieties of populism: Literature review and research agenda. Weatherhead Working Paper Series (13), 0–38. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2459387 Gimenez, E., ve Schwarz, N. (2016). The visual construction of “the people” and “proximity to the people” on the online platforms of the National Front and Swiss People’s Party. Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 41(2), 213-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11614-016-0200-3 Gualda, R. (2019). Hugo Chávez’s contemporary Latin American populist discourse. Populist discourse international perspectives içinde (ss. 59-87). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. Hawkins, K. (2003). Populism in Venezuela: The rise of Chavismo. Third World Quarterly, 24(6), 1137-1160. Heywood, A. (2012). Political Ideologies: An introduction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. İnal, A. (1996). Haberi okumak. İstanbul: Temuçin Yayınları. Jagers, J., ve Walgrave, S. (2007). Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political parties’ discourse in Belgium. European Journal of Political Research. 46(3), 319–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00690.x. Krämer, B. (2014). Media populism: A conceptual clarification and some theses on its effects. Communication Theory, 24, 42–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12029. Kriesi, H. (2014). The populist challenge. West European Politics, 37(2), 361-378. Laclau E. (2011). Popülizm: Bir Ad Ne İçerir? (Çev. H. Özen). Atılım Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 135-146. Maldonado, M. A. (2017). Rethinking populism in the digital age: social networks, political affects and post-truth democracies, 11.08.2019 tarihinde https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/214843865.pdf adresinden edinilmiştir. Mazzoleni, G. (2003). The media and the growth of neo-populism in contemporary democracies. G. Mazzoleni, J. Stewart, B. Horsfield, (Ed.). The media and neo-populism: A contemporary comparative analysis içinde (ss. 1-20). London: Praeger. Mazzoleni, G. (2008). Populism and the media. D. Albertazzi and D. McDonnell, (Ed.). Twenty-first century populism içinde (ss. 49-64) London: Palgrave Macmillan. Moffitt, B. (2019). Populism 2.0: Social media and the false allure of ‘unmediated’ representation. G.Fitzi, J.Mackert ve B. S. Turner (Ed.). Populism and the Crisis of Democracy içinde (ss. 30-46). Oxon: Routledge. Mudde, C. (2004). ‘The populist zeitgeist’, Government and Opposition. Vol. 39 (4), 542– 563. doI: https://doi. org/10.1111/j (2004): 1477-7053. Mudde, C., & Kaltwasser, C. R. (2011). Voices of the peoples: Populism in Europe and Latin America compared. South Bend, Indiana: Helen. Kellogg Institute for International Studies. Mudde, C., ve Kaltwasser, C.R. ( 2019). Popülizm kısa bir giriş. E. Türközü (Çev.). Ankara:Nika Müller, J. W. (2019). Popülizm Nedir. O. Yıldız (Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. Özer, Ö. (2018). Gökyüzüne çığlık: Öncülerden eleştirel söylem yaklaşımları ve örnek çözümlemeler. Konya: Literatürk. Pauwels, T. (2011). Measuring populism: A Quantitative text analysis of party literature in Belgium, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 21:1, 97-119 Postill, J. (2019). Populism and social media: A global perspective, 7.8.2019 tarihinde https://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/blog/populism-and-social-media-a-global-perspective adresinden edinilmiştir. Salgado, S. (2018). Where’s populism? Online media and the diffusion of populist discourses and styles in Portugal. European Political Science, 18(1), 53-65. doi: 10.1057/s41304-017-0137-4 Tarchi, M. (2013). Populism and political science: How to get rid of the “Cinderella Complex”. S. Gherghina, et al. (Ed.) Contemporary populism: A controversial concept and its diverse forms içinde (ss. 114-140) Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ProQuest Ebook Central, 22.03.2018 tarihinde http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/firat adresinden edinilmiştir. Toprak, Z. (1992). Popülizm ve Türkiye'deki boyutları. Tarih ve demokrasi Tarık Zafer Tunaya'ya armağan içinde (ss. 41-65). İstanbul: Cem Yayınları. de Vreese, C. H., Esser, F., Aalberg, T., Reinemann, C., ve Stanyer, J. (2018). Populism as an expression of political communication content and style: A new perspective. International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(4), 423–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218790035 Waisbord, S., ve Amado, A. (2017). Populist communication by digital means: presidential Twitter in Latin America. Information Communication and Society, 20(9), 1330–1346. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328521 Wodak, R., ve Meyer, M. (2009). Critical discourse analysis: History, agenda, theory and methodology. R. Wodak ve M. Meyer (Ed.). Methods of critical discourse analysis içinde (ss. 1-33). London: Sage. Wodak, R. (2013). 'Anything Goes’ - The Haiderization of Europe. R. Wodak, M. Khosravinik & B. Mral (Ed.). Right-wing populism in Europe: Politics and discourse içinde (ss. 23-38). London: Bloomsbury.
  • Wodak, R. (2015). The politics of fear: What right-wing populist discourses mean. London: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781446270073 Yetkin, B. (2010). Siyasal iletişim tarzı olarak popülizm: Popülizm ve Özal-Erdoğan. Antalya: Yeniden Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdafaa-i Hukuk Yayınları. Yıldırım, D. (2009). AKP ve neoliberal popülizm. İ.Uzgel, B. Duru (Ed.) AKP kitabı: Bir dönüşümün bilançosu içinde (ss. 66-107). Ankara: Phoenix.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayşe Fulya Şen This is me 0000-0003-3350-8292

Şule Yenigün Altın This is me 0000-0002-5637-8737

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Submission Date August 11, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 35

Cite

APA Şen, A. F., & Yenigün Altın, Ş. (2020). Sosyal Medyada Popülist Söylemler: 31 Mart 2019 Yerel Seçim Sürecinde Adayların Twitter Gönderilerinin Analizi. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi(35), 281-310. https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.749210

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