Sustainable methods for growing turmeric: Evaluating the effects of synthetic and organic fertilizers on vegetative and reproductive attributes

Year 2024, , 96 - 105, 30.06.2024

Chandani Sunuwar , Soniya Koirala , Ravi Acharya , Nishu Chaudhary , Uma Devi Bhandari , Melina Rai , Supriya Niraula , Rupesh Kumar Mehta

https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1468528

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the influence of various biofertilizer sources on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivation in Eastern Nepal. The research was conducted at G.P Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Centre, Sundarharaicha, Morang, Nepal, from April 2023 to January 2024. The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatments including T1: Recommended dose (RD) of NPK, T2: Goat manure (GM), T3: Organic manure (OM), T4: Poultry manure (PM), T5: Vermicompost (VC), T6: Farmyard manure (FYM), T7: Control, replicated three times. Turmeric cultivation practices were implemented following standard agronomic procedures. The recommended dose of synthetic fertilizer, NPK, exhibited the highest enhancement across multiple vegetative and reproductive growth parameters of turmeric, with notable increases in plant height, leaf number, tillers per plant, primary and secondary fingers per clump, fresh rhizome yield, dry yield, and dry recovery percentage. Among the organic sources, goat manure and poultry manure also showed promising results in enhancing turmeric yield and quality. Specifically, NPK recorded the highest fresh rhizome yield at 21.30 tons ha-1, while goat manure and poultry manure yielded 20.35 tons ha-1 and 18.69 tons ha-1, respectively. In contrast, the lowest fresh rhizome yield was observed in the control group, indicating minimal enhancement in yield without fertilizer supplementation. The results highlight how organic farming methods may be a good substitute for traditional chemical fertilizers in the context of sustainable turmeric production.

Keywords

Biofertilizer, Cultivation, Organic farming, Sustainable, Turmeric, Yield

Ethical Statement

Not applicable

Supporting Institution

The authors did not receive any funding during and after the completion of the study

References

• Bairagi, S. K. (2022). Effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and economics of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 24(2), 272–277. https://doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2022.10160
• Baka, A., Poonpakdee, C., Khawmee, K., & Onthong, J. (2021). Effects of fertilizers on growth, yield and curcuminoid content of turmeric (Cuma longa l.) cultivated in red clay loam and sandy loam soil. Burapha Science Journal, 26(December), 1611–1626.
• Baral, S., Luitel, G., Shrestha, A., & Basnet, B. (2021). Production and marketing of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in Sunsari District, Nepal. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 6(4), 556–562. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.0604019
• Chandana, M., Padma, M., & Prabhakar, B. N. (2024a). Studies on effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on antioxidant activity of turmeric ( Curcuma longa L .) varieties. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 55(02), 17121–17133.
• Chandana, M., Padma, M., Prabhakar, B. N., Joshi, V., Mahender, B., Gouthami, P., & Sathish, G. (2022b). Studies on effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, yield and economics of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) varieties. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11(11), 824–832. https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.1/160-162
• Chapagain, T. R., Timilsina, A. P., Sharma, S., Dahal, K. M., & Ahamad, S. (2021). Evaluation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L) genotypes for growth and yield attributes in plains of Eastern Nepal. Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research, 8(4), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2021/v8i430126
• Chávez-Mejía, A. C., Magaña-lópez, R., Durán-álvarez, J. C., & Jiménez-cisneros, B. E. (2021). Factors affecting turmeric production in Sunsari District, Nepal. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 6(6), 53–57. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab
• Chhetri, G., Devkota, D., & Sharma, B. (2020). Value Chain Analysis of Turmeric Subsector In. Chronic Complement Altern Integra Med, 02(01), 1–8.
• Datta, S., Jana, J. C., Bhaisare, P. T., & Nimbalkar, K. H. (2017). Effect of organic source of nutrients and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(4), 1981–1986. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1477
• Ferdous, M., Kabirul Islam, M., Monirul Islam, M., Isfatuzzaman Bhuyan, M., Sazedul Islam, M., & Sarkar, P. (2018). Effect of green manure along with nitrogenous fertilizer on the growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa l.) of Bangladesh. International Journal of Advanced Geosciences, 6(1), 140–144. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v6i1.11713
• Hossain, M. A., Akamine, H., Ishimine, Y., Teruya, R., Aniya, Y., & Yamawaki, K. (2007). Effects of relative light intensity on the growth, yield and curcumin content of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in Okinawa, Japan. Plant Production Science, 10(1), 151–154. https://doi.org/10.1626/pps.12.29
• Ishwar, R., Mehata, D. K., Sah, B. K., Chaudhary, A., Subedi, A., Magar, S. P., ... & Acharya, R. (2024). Evaluating the response of different synthetic and organic fertilizers on carrot vegetative and reproductive characteristics in Gothgaun, Nepal. Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences, 6(1), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1427662
• Kadam, J. H., & Kamble, B. M. (2020). Effect of organic manures on growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(2), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.vi.2249
• Khan, M. A. H., Rahman, M. M., Tasmima, T., & Sultana, N. (2023). Effect of fertilizer doses on turmeric at madhupur tract under AEZ-28. Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research, 10(4), 507–515. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2023/v10i4290
• Kumar, S., Vipin, Singh, N. K., & Kumar, S. (2023). Role of biofertilizers in turmeric production. Just Agriculture, 4(1), 434–440.
• Majhi, S., Mehata, D., Shah, D., Yadav, N., Chaudhary, P., Shah, S., ... & Rijal, P. (2024). Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) in the hilly region of Nepal. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 8(2), 242-250. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.2.1
• Mehata, D. K., Kattel, I., Sapkota, P., Ghimire, N. P., & Mehta, R. K. (2023a). Biofertilizers: A sustainable strategy for organic farming that would increase crop production and soil health. Plant Physiology and Soil Chemistry, 3(2), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.26480/ppsc.02.2023.49.53
• Mehata, D. K., Kattel, I., Yadav, S. P. S., Bhujel, S., Bhattarai, S., Yadav, P., Sapkota, P., Timsina, S., Lahutiya, V., & Prasad, G. (2022b). Varietal trial of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) for evaluation of yield and yield parameters. Genomics & Plant Breeding, 6(4), 111–116.
• Mehata, D. K. ., Yadav, S. P. S. ., Ghimire, N. P. ., Oli, B. ., Mehta, R. K. ., & Acharya, R. . (2023c). Evaluating the impact of various biofertilizer sources on growth and yield attributes of spring rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Eastern Terai of Nepal. Peruvian Journal of Agronomy, 7(3), 200-2019. https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v7i3.1977
• Mekonnen, B., & Garedew, W. (2019). Growth, yield, and quality responses of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) to nitrogen fertilizer rate and timing of its application. Acta Agrobotanica, 72(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.1781
• Ojikpong, T. O. (2018). Effect of Planting Dates and NPK (15:15:15) Fertilizer on the growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn). International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science, 5(4), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.14445/23942568/ijaes-v5i4p108
• Rajbanshi, S., Sapkota, S., Neupane, R., Dhungel, S., & Poudel, S. (2023). Economics of Production of Turmeric in Surkhet District of Nepal. Food and Agri Economics Review, 3(1), 14–18. https://doi.org/10.26480/faer.01.2023.14.18
• Sah, D. K., Mehata, D. K., Yadav, B., Majhi, S. K., Kafle, P., & Oli, B. (2024). Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on morphological and yield characteristics of carrot (Daucus carota) cv. new Kuroda in Khotang district, Nepal. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 3(147), 76-84.
• Timsina, K. P., Shrestha, K. P., Chapagain, T. R., & Pandey, S. (2011). Value chain analysis of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in Eastern Nepal. Nepal Agricultural Research Journal, 11, 70–79.
• Yadav, B., Pandit, D. L., Banjade, D., & Mehata, D. K. (2024a). Insights into the germplasm conservation and utilization : Implications for sustainable agriculture and future crop improvement Insights into the germplasm conservation and utilization : Implications for sustainable agriculture and future crop improvement. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 9(1), 180–193. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.09
• Yadav, B., Mehata, D. K., Bhandari, S., Shrestha, S., & Sangroula, G. (2024b). Evaluation of different okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cultivars for yield and biomass production. Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 10(1), 99-105. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajraf/2024/v10i1273