Assessment of the economic efficiency of dry-season onion production in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Pwano Jauro; David Chinda Maurice; Dengle Yuniyus Giroh; Amurtiya Michael

doi:10.53663/turjfas.1786928

Assessment of the economic efficiency of dry-season onion production in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Dry season onion farming is central to food supply and rural income in Adamawa State, Nigeria, yet production is limited by inefficiencies. This study assessed the technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of farmers using a stochastic frontier production and cost model. A total of 240 producers were selected through multistage sampling, and structured questionnaires provided the data. Analysis employed Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Results showed that farm size (0.451, p<0.01), seed (0.226, p<0.01), labor (0.1176, p<0.01), and fertilizer (0.102, p<0.05) were the most significant drivers of output. Mean efficiency scores were 0.83 for technical, 0.81 for allocative, and 0.67 for economic performance. Gamma values of 0.88 and 0.91 indicated that inefficiencies explained most variations in output and cost. Farmers achieved strong technical performance but faced persistent allocative and economic constraints. Targeted investment in irrigation, stronger extension services, improved access to credit, and cooperative strengthening are recommended to improve cost-effective resource use and productivity.

Keywords

Adamawa State, Dry season farming, Efficiency analysis, Onion production, Stochastic frontier

Supporting Institution

No financial support was received for this study.

Ethical Statement

Not applicable.

Thanks

Not applicable.

References

Abbas, O. O., Adesina, S. K., & Adetutu, A.-B. F. (2025). Economic analysis of cost and returns among cooperative tomato farmers in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Fudma Journal of Sciences, 9(10), 221–226. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0910-4079
Abouabdillah, A., Bergui, O. E., Bouabid, R., Bourioug, M., Brouziyne, Y., Jaouhari, N. E., & Bouaziz, A. (2022). Investigation of the response of onion (Allium cepa L.) to continuous deficit irrigation as a smart approach to crop irrigation under Mediterranean conditions. E3S Web of Conferences, 337, 04001.
Adeoti, O., Oyedele, O. A., & Yusuf, A. (2021). The water footprint of dry onion production in Nigeria. Water Resources and Industry, 25, 100147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2021.100147
Akolgo, J. A., Osei-Asare, Y. B., Sarpong, D. B., Asem, F. E., & Quaye, W. (2025). Production risk and technical efficiency of dry-season vegetable farmers in the Upper East Region of Ghana. PLoS ONE, 20(2), e0309375. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309375
Ayen, K., Kidane, T., & Wubet, A. (2025). Technical and cost efficiency analysis of irrigated onion production: insights from smallholder irrigated onion farmers in North East Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8, 1495820. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1495820
Balana, B., & Zenebe, A. (2020). Assessment of economic feasibility and farmers’ perceptions on wetting front detector (WFD) irrigation scheduling tool for dry season vegetable production in the Upper East Region of Ghana. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture.
Baloch, R. A., Baloch, S. U., Baloch, S. K., Baloch, H. N., Badini, S. A., Bashir, W., Baloch, A. B., & Baloch, J. (2014). Economic analysis of onion (Allium cepa L.) production and marketing in district Awaran, Balochistan. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(24), 192–204.
Bolarinwa, O. K., & Osun, T. (2025). Analysis of allocative efficiency among dry season vegetable farmers in the Southwest, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science, 10(3), 134–142. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2025/v10i3380
Coelli, T., Rao, D. P., & Battese, G. E. (1998). Additional topics on data envelopment analysis. In An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis (pp. 161-181). https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25895-7_7
Danji, B. M., Kara, H. A., Luqman, M. M., David, F. A., Adamu, M. M., & Muhammad, B. (2025). Technical efficiency of onion production among smallholder farmers in Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences, 14(1), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIAS/26.1812

FAO. (2015). Crop calendar. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/agriculture/seed/cropcalendar/welcome.do
Farrell, M. J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, 120(3), 253-281. https://doi.org/10.2307/2343100
Grema, I. J., Gashua, A. G., & Makinta, A. A. (2015). Marketing analysis of onion in Bade and Geidam Local Government Areas of Yobe State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics, 7(1), 73–78.
Illo, A. I., Fingillah, A. S., Muhammad, H. A., Usman, H., & Aminu, M. B. (2025). Economic analysis and resource use efficiency of onion production in Aliero Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. Quest Journals: Journal of Research in Agriculture and Animal Science, 12(3), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.35629/9459-12032735
Kaka, Y., & Gindi, A. A. (2021). Economic efficiency of onion production and price trend in Kebbi State, Nigeria: A stochastic frontier cost function approach. Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 9, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.26765/DRJAFS16966922
Kaka, Y., Magaji, U., & Gindi, A. A. (2022). Technical efficiency of onion production in Kebbi State: A stochastic frontier production function approach. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 30(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v30i1.4
Khan, A. (2015). Technical efficiency of onion production in Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, District Malakand. Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies, 4(1), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.13014/K2PZ5715
Magaji, U., Kaka, Y., & Gindi, A. A. (2021). Profitability and constraints to onion (Allium cepa L.) production in Kebbi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch, 6(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.35410/IJAEB.2021.5616
Maniriho, A., Musabanganji, E., & Lebailly, P. (2020). Analysis of the economic efficiency of small-scale onion production in the Volcanic Highlands in Rwanda. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 16(3), 185–196. https://doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2020.16-3.15
More, P. J., Kamble, S. C., Salunke, P. D., Jain, A. B., & Metkari, P. M. (2023). An analysis of cost, return, profitability and resource use efficiency in onion cultivation. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 12(12), 912–921.
Ojo, M. A., Mohammed, U. S., & Ibrahim, H. (2009). Resource use efficiency in dry season vegetable production in Fadama of northern Guinea savannah, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 4(3), 324–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260802508259
Omotesho, O. A., Douvi, C. P., & Olaghere, I. L. (2020). Economic viability of onion production in the commune of Grand-Popo, Republic of Benin. Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, 3(57), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.17306/J.JARD.2020.01304
Osman, R., Ata-Ul-Karim, S. T., Tahir, M. N., Ishaque, W., & Xu, M. (2022). Multi-model ensembles for assessing the impact of future climate change on rainfed wheat productivity under various cultivars and nitrogen levels. European Journal of Agronomy, 139, 126554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126554
Oyedele, O. A., Adeoti, O., & Akinola, F. F. (2023). A production analysis of dry onion powder from a water perspective. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 11(8), 1269–1275. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1269-1275.5558
Refera, S., & Yadeta, G. (2025). Analysis of economic efficiency of onion production under irrigation in West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Science Research, 13(4), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20251304.16
Tesfay, T., & Girmay, S. (2019). Economic performance and nutrient use efficiency of onion (Allium cepa L.) under N, K and S nutrient combinations in Northern Ethiopia. The Open Agriculture Journal, 13, 146–155. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331501913010146
Tsoho, A. B., Yusuf, S. A., & Ijaiya, M. A. (2012). Analysis of resource use efficiency in dry season vegetable production in Bosso Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria. Continental Journal of Agricultural Economics, 6(1), 30–36.
Umar, A. T. (2014). Adoption of recommended onion production practices by farmers in Goronyo Local Government Area of Sokoto State, Nigeria [Master’s thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria].
Yidau, J. J., Adebayo, E. F., Michael, A., & Joshua, J. (2020). Analysis of the socio-economic characteristics and problems militating against onion production in the Southern Region of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 20, 1–7.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Agricultural Land Management, Agricultural Production Systems Simulation

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Pwano Jauro
0009-0009-7075-0484
Nigeria

David Chinda Maurice
0000-0001-5328-0358
Nigeria

Dengle Yuniyus Giroh
0000-0002-2978-4078
Nigeria

Amurtiya Michael ^*
0000-0001-5273-9999
Nigeria

Publication Date

April 27, 2026

Submission Date

September 19, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 25, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1786928

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA62PC29YT

APA

Jauro, P., Maurice, D. C., Giroh, D. Y., & Michael, A. (2026). Assessment of the economic efficiency of dry-season onion production in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences, 8(1), 1786928-1. https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1786928

AMA

1.Jauro P, Maurice DC, Giroh DY, Michael A. Assessment of the economic efficiency of dry-season onion production in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Turk J Food Agric Sci. 2026;8(1):1786928-1. doi:10.53663/turjfas.1786928

Chicago

Jauro, Pwano, David Chinda Maurice, Dengle Yuniyus Giroh, and Amurtiya Michael. 2026. “Assessment of the Economic Efficiency of Dry-Season Onion Production in Adamawa State, Nigeria”. Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences 8 (1): 1786928-1. https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1786928.

EndNote

Jauro P, Maurice DC, Giroh DY, Michael A (April 1, 2026) Assessment of the economic efficiency of dry-season onion production in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences 8 1 1786928–1.

IEEE

[1]P. Jauro, D. C. Maurice, D. Y. Giroh, and A. Michael, “Assessment of the economic efficiency of dry-season onion production in Adamawa State, Nigeria”, Turk J Food Agric Sci, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1786928–1, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.53663/turjfas.1786928.

ISNAD

Jauro, Pwano - Maurice, David Chinda - Giroh, Dengle Yuniyus - Michael, Amurtiya. “Assessment of the Economic Efficiency of Dry-Season Onion Production in Adamawa State, Nigeria”. Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences 8/1 (April 1, 2026): 1786928-1. https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1786928.

JAMA

1.Jauro P, Maurice DC, Giroh DY, Michael A. Assessment of the economic efficiency of dry-season onion production in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Turk J Food Agric Sci. 2026;8:1786928–1.

MLA

Jauro, Pwano, et al. “Assessment of the Economic Efficiency of Dry-Season Onion Production in Adamawa State, Nigeria”. Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 1786928-1, doi:10.53663/turjfas.1786928.

Vancouver

1.Pwano Jauro, David Chinda Maurice, Dengle Yuniyus Giroh, Amurtiya Michael. Assessment of the economic efficiency of dry-season onion production in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Turk J Food Agric Sci. 2026 Apr. 1;8(1):1786928-1. doi:10.53663/turjfas.1786928

22605 22604 23639

17579 21244 21245 29292

21866

Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences (TURJFAS) is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is accordance with the BOAI (Budapest Open Access Initiative) definition of open access.

17580

Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Journal Abbreviation: Turk J Food Agric Sci

Assessment of the economic efficiency of dry-season onion production in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ethical Statement

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite