Bioactive compounds of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) genotypes grown in the East Black Sea and Marmara regions

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 29 - 33, 31.12.2022

Umut Ateş , Orhan Karakaya , Süleyman Muhammed Çelik , Ahmad Haseeb Faizy

https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1128322

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The research was carried out to determine the total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity (according to DPPH and FRAP assays) of 21 strawberry tree genotypes grown naturally in Piraziz (Giresun, East Black Sea) and Gebze (Kocaeli, Marmara regions) districts. A wide variation was determined between strawberry tree genotypes in terms of the properties investigated. In the strawberry tree genotypes examined, total phenolics was determined from 528 to 985 mg GAE 100 g^-1, while total flavonoids was detected from 21 to 134 mg QE 100 g^-1. According to DPPH and FRAP tests antioxidant activity was determined from 2.1 to 15.5 mmol TE 100 g^-1 and 20.5 to 50.9 mmol TE 100 g^-1, respectively. According to the principal component analysis result, the first two components explained 88.1% of the total variation. PC1 was related to total phenolics and antioxidant activity (both DPPH and FRAP), while PC2 was associated with total flavonoids. As a result, the G-14 genotype had remarkable results in terms of the properties investigated. This genotype, which stands out in terms of beneficial substances on human health, is thought can be used as genetic material in future breeding programs.

Keywords

Antioxidant, Flavonoids, Genetic resource, Phenolics, Strawberry tree

References

• Aglar, E., Saracoglu, O., Karakaya, O., Ozturk, B., & Gun, S. (2019). The relationship between fruit color and fruit quality of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. cv. ‘0900 Ziraat’). Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences, 1(1), 1-5.
• Aloğlu, H. Ş., Gökgöz, Y., & Bayraktar, M. (2018). Kocayemiş (dağ çileği-Arbutus unedo L.) meyveli dondurma üretimi, fiziksel, kimyasal ve duyusal parametreler açısından irdelenmesi. Gıda, 43(6), 1030-1039.
• Anşin, R., & Özkan, Z. C. (1993). Tohumlu Bitkiler, KTÜ Orman Fakültesi, Genel Yayın No: 167, Fakülte Yayın No: 19, 512 s.
• Ayaz, F. A., Kucukislamoglu, M., & Reunanen, M. (2000). Sugar, non-volatile and phenolic acids composition of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L. var. ellipsoidea) fruits. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 13(2), 171-177.
• Benzie, I. F., & Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239(1), 70-76.
• Blois, M. S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181(4617), 1199-1200.
• Bnouham, M., Merhfour, F. Z., Legssyer, A., Mekhfi, H., Maâllem, S., & Ziyyat, A. (2007). Antihyperglycemic activity of Arbutus unedo, Ammoides pusilla and Thymelaea hirsuta. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 62(8), 630-632.
• Celikel, G., Demirsoy, L., & Demirsoy, H. (2008). The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) selection in Turkey. Scientia Horticulturae, 118(2), 115-119.
• Chang, C. C., Yang, M. H., Wen, H. M., & Chern, J. C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3), 178-182.
• Colak, A. M. (2019). Morphological and biochemical diversity in fruits of Arbutus unedo L. from East Aegean Region in Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 61(4), 379-383.
• Doré, S. (2005). Unique properties of polyphenol stilbenes in the brain: more than direct antioxidant actions; gene/protein regulatory activity. Neurosignals, 14(1-2), 61-70.
• Erboğa, A. (2016). Kocayemiş (Arbutus unedo L.) bitkisi karbonhidrat ve fenolik bileşenleri ile antioksidan etkilerinin incelenmesi. Master's thesis, Bartın Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
• Ganhão, R., Morcuende, D., & Estévez, M. (2010). Protein oxidation in emulsified cooked burger patties with added fruit extracts: Influence on colour and texture deterioration during chill storage. Meat Science, 85(3), 402-409.
• Gilman, E. F., & Watson, D. G. (1993). Arbutus unedo, Strawberry-Tree. Fact Sheet ST-85. A series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
• Isbilir, S. S., Orak, H. H., Yagar, H., & Ekinci, N. (2012). Determination of antioxidant activities of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) flowers and fruits at different ripening stages. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 11, 223-237.
• Jouad, H., Haloui, M., Rhiouani, H., El Hilaly, J., & Eddouks, M. (2001). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes, cardiac and renal diseases in the North centre region of Morocco (Fez–Boulemane). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 77(2-3), 175-182.
• Karadeniz, T., Kalkışım, Ö., & Şişman, T. (2003). Trabzon çevresinde yetişen kocayemiş (Arbutus unedo L.) tiplerinin meyve özellikleri ve çelikle çoğaltılması. Ulusal Kivi ve Üzümsü Meyveler Sempozyumu, 476-480.
• Koyu, H., Koyu, E. B., Demir, S., & Baykan, Ş. (2019). Arbutus unedo L. (kocayemiş). Türk farmakope, 29.
• Maleš, Ž., Plazibat, M., Bilušić Vundać, V., & Žuntar, I. (2006). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids of the strawberry tree-Arbutus unedo L. (Ericaceae). Acta Pharmaceutica, 56(2), 245-250.
• Miguel, M. G., Faleiro, M. L., Guerreiro, A. C., & Antunes, M. D. (2014). Arbutus unedo L.: chemical and biological properties. Molecules, 19(10), 15799-15823.
• Molina, M., Pardo-de-Santayana, M., Aceituno, L., Morales, R., & Tardío, J. (2011). Fruit production of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) in two Spanish forests. Forestry, 84(4), 419-429.
• Oliveira, I., Baptista, P., Malheiro, R., Casal, S., Bento, A., & Pereira, J. A. (2011). Influence of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruit ripening stage on chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Food Research International, 44(5), 1401-1407.
• Özcan, M. M., & Hacıseferoğulları, H. (2007). The strawberry (Arbutus unedo L.) fruits: chemical composition, physical properties and mineral contents. Journal of Food Engineering, 78(3), 1022-1028.
• Pallauf, K., Rivas-Gonzalo, J. C., Del Castillo, M. D., Cano, M. P., & de Pascual-Teresa, S. (2008). Characterization of the antioxidant composition of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruits. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 21(4), 273-281.
• Ratnam, D. V., Ankola, D. D., Bhardwaj, V., Sahana, D. K., & Kumar, M. R. (2006). Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy: A pharmaceutical perspective. Journal of Controlled Release, 113(3), 189-207.
• Sagbas, H. I., Ilhan, G., Zitouni, H., Anjum, M. A., Hanine, H., Necas, T., Ondrasek, I., & Ercisli, S. (2020). Morphological and biochemical characterization of diverse strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) genotypes from northern Turkey. Agronomy, 10(10), 1581.
• Serçe, S., Özgen, M., Torun, A. A., & Ercişli, S. (2010). Chemical composition, antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of Arbutus andrachne L. (Fam. Ericaceae) (the Greek strawberry tree) fruits from Turkey. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 23(6), 619-623.
• Sic Zlabur, J., Bogdanovic, S., Voca, S., & Skendrovic Babojelic, M. (2020). Biological potential of fruit and leaves of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) from Croatia. Molecules, 25(21), 5102.
• Soufleros, E. H., Mygdalia, S. A., & Natskoulis, P. (2005). Production process and characterization of the traditional Greek fruit distillate “Koumaro” by aromatic and mineral composition. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 18(7), 699-716.
• Şeker, M. (2004). Çanakkale yöresi doğal florasında bulunan kocayemiş (Arbutus unedo L.) populasyonunun morfolojik ve pomolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 10(4), 422-427.
• Thomas, R. H., Bernards, M. A., Drake, E. E., & Guglielmo, C. G. (2010). Changes in the antioxidant activities of seven herb-and spice-based marinating sauces after cooking. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 23(3), 244-252.
• Tuzlacı, E., & Aymaz, P. E. (2001). Turkish folk medicinal plants, part IV: Gönen (Balıkesir). Fitoterapia, 72(4), 323-343.
• Yaltırık, T., & Erdinç, S. (2002). Ağaçlar. Türkiye Erozyonla Mücadele, Ağaçlandırma ve Doğal Varlıkları Koruma Vakfı Yayını, (39), 275-286.
• Yarılgaç, T., & Pekdemir, M. (2019). Promising strawberry tree genotypes from North Anatolia, Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 61(1), 79-84.
• Yıldız, E. (2014). Arbutus unedo L. meyvesinin bileşimi ve antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Doctoral dissertation, Bursa Uludag University (Turkey).
• Ziyyat, A., Legssyer, A., Mekhfi, H., Dassouli, A., Serhrouchni, M., & Benjelloun, W. (1997). Phytotherapy of hypertension and diabetes in oriental Morocco. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 58(1), 45-54.