Research Article
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The short term effect of tillage on soil physicochemical properties in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 49 - 56, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1172539

Abstract

The objective of the research was to determine the effect of different tillage methods on some soil physicochemical properties in Niger Delta University Teaching and Research Farms. The land was divided into plots measuring 5 x 5 m with three replicates per treatment. Five tillage treatments considered were: No Till, hoeing, digging, hoeing + digging once, and hoeing + digging twice. Two samples were collected per plot at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth. A total number of thirty (30) samples were collected from the field. The research was laid out using the Randomized Complete Block Design. Results showed that the tillage methods had no significant effect on the soil's chemical properties but influenced the physical. Mean pH across all plots ranged from 4.42–4.49 indicating strongly acidic state, electrical conductivity ranged 65.67-82 dS m-1 indicating no salinity stress, detrimental to crops; organic carbon and organic matter were moderate with a range of 18.52-21.55 g kg-1 and 37.03-43.10 g kg-1 respectively. Total nitrogen was at its moderate range of 7.88-12.17 g kg-1. Exchangeable acidity was low with a range of 1.52-1.71 cmol kg-1. The tillage methods influenced soil bulk density and porosity; the highest bulk density was recorded in the NT zone (1.18 g cm-3) which decreased steadily with an increase in tillage intensity. With the hoe+digging (twice) recording the lowest value of 0.94 g cm-3. Similarly, the highest porosity value was found in the tillage method with the lowest bulk density value (0.94 g cm-3: 64.7%), while the lowest was observed in the tillage method with the highest bulk density value (1.18 g cm-3: 55.7%). pH had positive correlation (P<0.05) with electrical conductivity (r=0.62), organic carbon (r=0.94), organic matter (r=0.90), and negative correlation with exchangeable acidity (r=-0.52). Organic carbon had strong positive correlation with organic matter (r=0.99), effective cation exchange capacity (r=0.69), clay (r=0.50), and total nitrogen (r=0.61). Silt (r=0.74) and clay (r=0.70) showed positive relationship with bulk density, while bulk density (r= -0.99) showed strong negative correlation with porosity. It is therefore recommended that crude tillage methods be used for sustainable and conservative agriculture.

Thanks

We wish to appreciate the staff and students of the department of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, Niger Delta University, for their support during the period this research was carried out.

References

  • Agbai, W. P., & Kosuowei M. T. (2022). Influence of land-use systems on hydraulic properties of soils in Yenagoa and Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment, 11(1), 23-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v11i1.45838.
  • Agbede, T. M., & Ojeniyi, S. O. (2009). Tillage and poultry manure effects on soil fertility and sorghum yield in Southwestern Nigeria. Soil Tillage Research, 104, 74 - 81.
  • Aikins, S. H. M., & Afuakwa, J. J., (2012). Effect of four different tillage practices on soil physical properties under cowpea. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 3(1), 17-24.
  • Aluko, O. B., & Lasisi, D. (2009). Effects of Tillage Methods on Some Properties of a Sandy Loam Soil Under Soybean Cultivation. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference of NIAE, Jan. 25-29, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
  • Alvarez, R., & Steinbach, H. S. (2009). A review of the effects of tillage systems on some soil physical properties, water content, nitrate availability and crops yield in the Argentine pampas. Soil and Tillage Research, 104, 1-15.
  • Black, C. A. (1965). Methods of Soil Analysis: Part I, Physical and Mineralogical Properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin.
  • Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962) Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal, 54, 464-465. Doi: 10.2134/agronj1962.00021962005400050028x
  • Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2005) The Nature and Properties of Soils. 13th Edition, Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • Bray, R. H., & Kurtz L. T. (1945). Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science, 59, 39-45.
  • Bremmer, J. M. & Mulvaney, C. S. (1982). Nitrogen-Total. In: Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties, Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. Eds., American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, 2, 595-624.
  • Costa, J. L., Aparicio, V., & Cerda, A. (2015). Soil physical quality changes under different management systems after 10 years in the Argentine humid pampa. Solid Earth, 6, 361-371.
  • Elder, J. W., & Lal, R. (2008). Tillage effects on physical properties of agricultural organic soils of North Central Ohio. Soil and Tillage Research, 98(2), 208-210.
  • Ganjegunte, G. K, Clark, J. A, Parajulee, M. N, Enciso, J., & Kumar, S. (2018). Salinity management in pima cotton fields using sulfur burner. Agrosystems, Geosciences and Environment, 1, 1-10.
  • Jabro, J. D., Iversen, W. M., Stevens, W. A., Evans, R. G., Mikha, M. M., & Allen, B. L. (2016). Physical and hydraulic properties of a sandy loam soil under zero, shallow and deep tillage practices. Soil Tillage Research, 159, 67-72.
  • Jackson, M. L., 1962. Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall, new York.pg. 263-268.
  • Kassam, A., Friedrich, T., Derpsch, R., Lahmar, R., Mrabet, R., Basch, G., ... & Serraj, R. (2012). Conservation agriculture in the dry Mediterranean climate. Field Crops Research, 132, 7-17.
  • Khan, N. I., Malik, A. U., Umer, F., & Bodla, M. I. (2010). Effect of Tillage and FarmYard Manure on Physical Properties of Soil. International Research Journal of Plant Science, 1(4), 75-82.
  • Khurshid, K., Iqbal, M., Arif, M. S., & Nawaz, A. (2006). Effect of Tillage and Mulch on Soil Physical Properties and Growth of Maize. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 8, 593-596.
  • Kienzler, K. M., Lamers, J. P. A., McDonald, A., Mirzabaev, A., Ibragimov, N., Egamberdiev, O., Ruzibaev, E., & Akram- khanov, A. (2012). Conservation agriculture in Central Asia: what do we know and where do we go from here? Field Crop Research, 132, 95-105.
  • Kladivko, E. J. (2001). Tillage systems and soil ecology. Soil Tillage Research, 61, 61 - 76.
  • Kurt, S. (2002). Conservation tillage-Gateway to food security and sustainable rural development. Information series No. 4. www.fao.org/act- network/
  • Lal, R., Reicosky, D. C, & Hanson, J. D. (2007). Evolution of the plow over 10 000 years and the rationale for no-till farming. Soil and Tillage Research Editorial, 93(1), 1-12.
  • McLean, E. O. (1982). Aluminum. In: C.A. Black (Ed.). Methods of soil analysis. Agran. No. 9. Part II. Am. Soc. Agron, Madison, Wisconsin USA.
  • Mohammed, K. M., & Umogbai, V. I. (2014). Effects of level of tillage on soil physical properties of benue river, makurdi flood plains. International Journal of Recent Technology And Engineering, 3(1), 9-15.
  • Nelson, D. W., & Sommers, L. E. (1996). Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. Pp.961-1010. In Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3: Chemical Methods. SSSA Book Series, No. 5. Madison, WI., USA.
  • Nta S., Lucas E., & Ogunjimi, L. (2017). "Effect of Tillage on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties in South-Western Nigeria", International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 4(7), 20-24.
  • Ofori, C. S. (2009). The Challenge of Tillage Development in African Agriculture. Soil Resource, Management and Conservation Service, Land and Water Development Division, FAO, Rome. Soil Tillage in Africa, 7, 1 - 2.
  • Sahay, J. (2008). Elements of Agricultural Engineering. Delhi: Standard Publishers Distributors,. 224-225.
  • Szostek, M., Szpunar-Krok, E., Pawlak, R., Stanek-Tarkowska, J., & andIlek, A. (2022). Effect of different tillage systems on soil organic carbon and enzymatic activity. Agronomy, 12, 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy12010208.
  • Valbuena, D., Erenstein, O., Homann-Kee., Tui, S., Abdoulaye, T., Claessens, L., Duncan,A. J., Ge´rard, B., Rufino, M. C., Teufel, N., van Rooyen, A., & van Wijk, T. (2012). Conservation agriculture in mixed crop-livestock systems: scoping crop residue trade-offs in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Field Crop Research, 132, 175-184.
  • Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the different methods for determining soil organic matter and the proposed modification of the chromic acid wet titration method. Soil Science of America Journal, 37, 29-38.
  • Weil, N. C., Brady, R. R., & Weil, R. R. (2016). The Nature and Properties of Soils. Fifteenth Edition, Pearson, Columbus.
Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 49 - 56, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1172539

Abstract

References

  • Agbai, W. P., & Kosuowei M. T. (2022). Influence of land-use systems on hydraulic properties of soils in Yenagoa and Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment, 11(1), 23-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v11i1.45838.
  • Agbede, T. M., & Ojeniyi, S. O. (2009). Tillage and poultry manure effects on soil fertility and sorghum yield in Southwestern Nigeria. Soil Tillage Research, 104, 74 - 81.
  • Aikins, S. H. M., & Afuakwa, J. J., (2012). Effect of four different tillage practices on soil physical properties under cowpea. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 3(1), 17-24.
  • Aluko, O. B., & Lasisi, D. (2009). Effects of Tillage Methods on Some Properties of a Sandy Loam Soil Under Soybean Cultivation. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference of NIAE, Jan. 25-29, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
  • Alvarez, R., & Steinbach, H. S. (2009). A review of the effects of tillage systems on some soil physical properties, water content, nitrate availability and crops yield in the Argentine pampas. Soil and Tillage Research, 104, 1-15.
  • Black, C. A. (1965). Methods of Soil Analysis: Part I, Physical and Mineralogical Properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin.
  • Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962) Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal, 54, 464-465. Doi: 10.2134/agronj1962.00021962005400050028x
  • Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2005) The Nature and Properties of Soils. 13th Edition, Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • Bray, R. H., & Kurtz L. T. (1945). Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science, 59, 39-45.
  • Bremmer, J. M. & Mulvaney, C. S. (1982). Nitrogen-Total. In: Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties, Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. Eds., American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, 2, 595-624.
  • Costa, J. L., Aparicio, V., & Cerda, A. (2015). Soil physical quality changes under different management systems after 10 years in the Argentine humid pampa. Solid Earth, 6, 361-371.
  • Elder, J. W., & Lal, R. (2008). Tillage effects on physical properties of agricultural organic soils of North Central Ohio. Soil and Tillage Research, 98(2), 208-210.
  • Ganjegunte, G. K, Clark, J. A, Parajulee, M. N, Enciso, J., & Kumar, S. (2018). Salinity management in pima cotton fields using sulfur burner. Agrosystems, Geosciences and Environment, 1, 1-10.
  • Jabro, J. D., Iversen, W. M., Stevens, W. A., Evans, R. G., Mikha, M. M., & Allen, B. L. (2016). Physical and hydraulic properties of a sandy loam soil under zero, shallow and deep tillage practices. Soil Tillage Research, 159, 67-72.
  • Jackson, M. L., 1962. Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall, new York.pg. 263-268.
  • Kassam, A., Friedrich, T., Derpsch, R., Lahmar, R., Mrabet, R., Basch, G., ... & Serraj, R. (2012). Conservation agriculture in the dry Mediterranean climate. Field Crops Research, 132, 7-17.
  • Khan, N. I., Malik, A. U., Umer, F., & Bodla, M. I. (2010). Effect of Tillage and FarmYard Manure on Physical Properties of Soil. International Research Journal of Plant Science, 1(4), 75-82.
  • Khurshid, K., Iqbal, M., Arif, M. S., & Nawaz, A. (2006). Effect of Tillage and Mulch on Soil Physical Properties and Growth of Maize. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 8, 593-596.
  • Kienzler, K. M., Lamers, J. P. A., McDonald, A., Mirzabaev, A., Ibragimov, N., Egamberdiev, O., Ruzibaev, E., & Akram- khanov, A. (2012). Conservation agriculture in Central Asia: what do we know and where do we go from here? Field Crop Research, 132, 95-105.
  • Kladivko, E. J. (2001). Tillage systems and soil ecology. Soil Tillage Research, 61, 61 - 76.
  • Kurt, S. (2002). Conservation tillage-Gateway to food security and sustainable rural development. Information series No. 4. www.fao.org/act- network/
  • Lal, R., Reicosky, D. C, & Hanson, J. D. (2007). Evolution of the plow over 10 000 years and the rationale for no-till farming. Soil and Tillage Research Editorial, 93(1), 1-12.
  • McLean, E. O. (1982). Aluminum. In: C.A. Black (Ed.). Methods of soil analysis. Agran. No. 9. Part II. Am. Soc. Agron, Madison, Wisconsin USA.
  • Mohammed, K. M., & Umogbai, V. I. (2014). Effects of level of tillage on soil physical properties of benue river, makurdi flood plains. International Journal of Recent Technology And Engineering, 3(1), 9-15.
  • Nelson, D. W., & Sommers, L. E. (1996). Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. Pp.961-1010. In Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3: Chemical Methods. SSSA Book Series, No. 5. Madison, WI., USA.
  • Nta S., Lucas E., & Ogunjimi, L. (2017). "Effect of Tillage on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties in South-Western Nigeria", International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 4(7), 20-24.
  • Ofori, C. S. (2009). The Challenge of Tillage Development in African Agriculture. Soil Resource, Management and Conservation Service, Land and Water Development Division, FAO, Rome. Soil Tillage in Africa, 7, 1 - 2.
  • Sahay, J. (2008). Elements of Agricultural Engineering. Delhi: Standard Publishers Distributors,. 224-225.
  • Szostek, M., Szpunar-Krok, E., Pawlak, R., Stanek-Tarkowska, J., & andIlek, A. (2022). Effect of different tillage systems on soil organic carbon and enzymatic activity. Agronomy, 12, 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy12010208.
  • Valbuena, D., Erenstein, O., Homann-Kee., Tui, S., Abdoulaye, T., Claessens, L., Duncan,A. J., Ge´rard, B., Rufino, M. C., Teufel, N., van Rooyen, A., & van Wijk, T. (2012). Conservation agriculture in mixed crop-livestock systems: scoping crop residue trade-offs in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Field Crop Research, 132, 175-184.
  • Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the different methods for determining soil organic matter and the proposed modification of the chromic acid wet titration method. Soil Science of America Journal, 37, 29-38.
  • Weil, N. C., Brady, R. R., & Weil, R. R. (2016). The Nature and Properties of Soils. Fifteenth Edition, Pearson, Columbus.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agronomy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Agbai Williams 0000-0002-4458-1922

Joseph Oyinbrakemi Tate 0000-0003-1386-963X

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date September 8, 2022
Acceptance Date November 9, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Williams, A., & Tate, J. O. (2022). The short term effect of tillage on soil physicochemical properties in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences, 4(2), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1172539

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