Usage of Special Feeder for Small Birds

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 204 - 213, 31.12.2022

Mohamed Al-rajhi

https://doi.org/10.46592/turkager.1118633

Abstract

This study presents the possibility of using agricultural by-products to solve the problem of high forage prices. Rice mill pre-cleaning residues are considered solid waste in Egypt, as many tonnes are produced every day. These overgrown heaps always cause an environmental problem. Most millers don't know how to dispose of it. A simple device for the purification of it to use as a supplementary feeder for small birds has been manufactured. It comprises an air supply, a hopper, a case, and two drawers (one for receiving eaten parts and the other for receiving impurities). The mixture of rice millers' residues is agitated by the air stream and floats the fine particles upwardly in the far drawer while the air escapes through the final air holes. Performance evaluation was conducted on the manufactured device with various airspeeds (1.8, 2.6, 3.2 and 4.3 m s-¹), baffle angles (30, 40, and 50°) and feed rates (3.6, 5.7, 8.2, and 9.3 kg min-¹). The maximum value of purifying efficiency (87.67%) is achieved at an airspeed of 4.3 m s-1, a baffle angle of 30°, and a feed rate of 3.6 kg min-1. The minimum mean of losses (0.4%) is achieved at an airspeed of 1.8 m s-1, a baffle angle of 50°, and a feed rate of 3.6 kg min-¹. There is a significant increase in the purifying efficiency and a significant decrease in losses when using the purifying device, so it is recommended to use it for the purification of rice residues.

Keywords

Rice mill, Pre-cleaning residues, Purifying, Special feeder, Small birds

Supporting Institution

Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AENRI).Dokki- Giza - Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agricultural, , Egypt,

References

• Anikwe MAN (2000). Amelioration of a heavy clay loam soil with rice husk dust and its effects on soil physical properties and maize yield. Bioresources Technology, 74: 169-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00007-9.
• Barkworth ME, Capels KM, Long S and Piep MB (2003). Flora of North America, 25. http://herbarium.usu.edu/webmanual/ (2012).
• Ebling PD, Kessler AM, Villanueva AP, Pontalti GC, Farina G and Ribeiro AML (2015). Rice and soy protein isolate in pre-starter dites for boilers. Poultry Science, 94 : 2744-2752. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev279.
• EL-Shabrawy TH and Al-Rajhi MA. (2020). A simple device for barnyard seeds purification to use it as feeder for small birds. Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Mansoura University, 11(6): 157-161.
• Emami S, Tabil LG, Tyler RT and Crerar WJ (2007). Starch protein separation from chickpea flour using a hydrocyclone. Journal of Food Engineering 82(4): 460-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.03.002.
• FAOSTAT (2017). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Preliminary Agricultural Production data. http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publications/rice-publications/rice-market-monitor-rmm/en/.
• Heap I (2014a). Global perspective of herbicide-resistant weeds. Pest Management Science, 70: 1306-1315. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3696.
• Kramer GW, Euliss NH,Jr. (1986). Winter foods of black-bellied whistling-ducks in northwestern Mexico. Journal of-Wildlife-Management 50 (3):413-416.
• Mitich LW (1990). Intriguing world of weeds. Barnyardgrass. Weed Technology, 4(4): 918-920. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890037X00026671.
• Njoku C, Mbah CN and Okonkwo CI. (2011). Effect of rice mill wastes application on selected soil physical properties and maize yield (Zea mays L.) on an ultisol in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Soil Science Environmental Management, 2(11): 375-383. https://doi.org/10.5897/JSSEM.9000028.
• Njoku C, Mbah CN (2012). Effect of burnt and unburnt rice husk dust on maize yield and soil physic-chemical properties of an ultisol in Nigeria. Biological Agricultural and Horticulture, 1: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2012.664374.
• Oida A (1997). Using personal computer for agricultural machinery management. Kyoto University. Japan. JICA Publishing.
• RRTC (2018). Rice research and training center (National Rice Research Program): Final results of 2012- 2017 growing season. Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
• Rubinelli PM, Kim SA, Park SH, Roto SM, Nealon NJ and Ryan EP, Ricke SC (2017). Differential effects of rice bran cultivars to limit Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken cecal in vitro incubations and impact on the cecal microbiome and metabolome. PLOS ONE 12: e0185002. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185002.