Morus nigra L. Yaprağından Elde Edilen Fitojenik Gümüş ve Bakır Nanopartikülleri Çok İşlevli Ajanlar Olarak: Antioksidan, Antidiyabetik, Antimikrobiyal ve Antikanser Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 321 - 337, 30.09.2025

Osman Akmeşe , Cemalettin Baltacı , Enes Gültekin , Irmak Icen Taskın , Meryem Rüveyda Sever , Dilek Çam Derin , Ömer Karpuz

https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1738363

Abstract

Çevre dostu ve çok işlevli nanomalzemelerin artan arayışıyla yönlendirilen bu çalışma, alkali sulu koşullar altında Morus nigra yaprak özütü kullanılarak sentezlenen gümüş (YAgNP'ler) ve bakır nanopartiküllerinin (YCuNP'ler) çevre bilincine sahip üretimini, ayrıntılı analizini ve işbirlikçi antibakteriyel etkinliğini araştırmaktadır. Biyojenik yöntemlerle üretilen nanopartiküller, FTIR, XRD, TEM ve EDX enstrümantasyonu ile doğrulandığı gibi, bitki kaynaklı bileşiklerin kolaylaştırdığı etkili indirgeme ve stabilizasyonu öneren benzersiz fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikler göstermiştir.
Bu çalışmada sentezlenen YAgNP'ler ve YCuNP'ler, diyabet yönetimindeki olası rollerini vurgulayarak belirgin şekilde geliştirilmiş antioksidan kapasiteleri ve önemli α-amilaz ve α-glukozidaz inhibisyonu göstermiştir. Antimikrobiyal analizler, çözelti fazı analizlerinde YAgNP'lerin üstün aktivitesini gösterirken, YCuNP'ler katı difüzyon tabanlı kurulumlarda daha güçlü inhibisyon göstermiştir. Özellikle, E. coli ve S. aureus dahil olmak üzere birden fazla Gram-pozitif ve Gram-negatif suşta YAgNP'ler için daha düşük MIC ve MBC konsantrasyonları gözlemlendi. Dama tahtası testi, klinik olarak ilgili patojenlere karşı hem NP'ler hem de geleneksel antibiyotikler arasında güçlü sinerjik etkiler gösterdi. FICI değerleri, çeşitli kombinasyonlarda tam sinerjiyi doğruladı ve membran geçirgenliğini artırarak ve bakteriyel direnç mekanizmalarına müdahale ederek antibiyotik etkilerini güçlendirme yeteneklerini gösterdi.
YAgNP'ler ayrıca, IC₅₀ değerlerinin önemli ölçüde daha düşük olduğu HeLa ve HCT116 hücre hatlarına karşı kanser hücrelerine karşı önemli sitotoksik etkiler gösterdi ve onkolojik vaatlerini vurguladı. Genel olarak, çalışma yeşil sentezlenen nanopartiküllerin çeşitli terapötik uygulamalarını vurgular ve kanser tedavisinde ve antimikrobiyal ilaçlar için güçlendirici olarak potansiyel kullanımlarını önerir.

Keywords

Morus nigra L , Yeşil sentez , Gümüş nanopartiküller , Bakır nanopartiküller , Antimikrobiyal sinerji , Antikanser aktivite.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, insan katılımcılar, hayvan deneyleri veya klinik araştırmalar içermediğinden etik kurul onayı gerektirmemektedir.

Supporting Institution

Gümüşhane University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Project Number

22.F5115.01.05

Thanks

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Gümüşhane University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit for their financial support of this study under Project Number [22.F5115.01.05].

Phytogenic Silver and Copper Nanoparticles from Morus nigra L. Leaf as Multifunctional Agents: Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Potency

Abstract

Driven by the increasing pursuit of eco-friendly and multifunctional nanomaterials, this study explores the eco-conscious production, detailed analysis, and cooperative antibacterial efficacy of silver (YAgNPs) and copper nanoparticles (YCuNPs) synthesized using Morus nigra leaf extract under alkaline aqueous conditions. The nanoparticles produced through biogenic methods showed unique physical and chemical features, as validated via FTIR, XRD, TEM, and EDX instrumentation, suggesting effective reduction and stabilization facilitated by plant-derived compounds.
YAgNPs and YCuNPs synthesized in this study demonstrated markedly enhanced antioxidant capacities and significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, highlighting their prospective role in diabetes management. Antimicrobial assays showed superior activity of YAgNPs in solution-phase assays, whereas YCuNPs showed stronger inhibition in solid diffusion-based setups. Notably, lower MIC and MBC concentrations were observed for YAgNPs across multiple Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, including E. coli and S. aureus. The checkerboard assay demonstrated potent synergistic effects between both NPs and traditional antibiotics against clinically relevant pathogens. FICI values confirmed full synergy in several combinations, demonstrating their ability to potentiate antibiotic effects through membrane permeability enhancement and interference with bacterial resistance mechanisms.
YAgNPs also showed notable cytotoxic effects against cancer cells against HeLa and HCT116 cell lines, with IC₅₀ values significantly lower, highlighting their oncological promise. Overall, the study emphasizes the diverse therapeutic applications of green-synthesized nanoparticles and suggests their potential use in cancer treatment and as enhancers for antimicrobial drugs.

Keywords

Morus nigra L. , Green synthesis , Silver nanoparticles , Copper nanoparticles , Antimicrobial synergy , Anticancer activity

Ethical Statement

This study did not involve any human participants, animal experiments, or clinical trials. Therefore, ethical approval was not required.

Supporting Institution

Gümüşhane University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Project Number

22.F5115.01.05

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