Investigation of Olive Production in Ten-Year Period in 1961-2021 Years

Year 2024, , 330 - 341, 30.04.2024

Ahmet Semih Uzundumlu , Tuba Ateş

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1395614

Abstract

Despite its many nutritional characteristics, the number of countries producing olives is limited owing to the growing conditions. Because the olive is a drought-resistant plant, it is one of the fruits that are least affected by climate change. For this reason, in this study, the production areas and the changes in production among global leading olive producing countries were determined for 1961-2021 years. In addition, the Concentration Ratio (CR) and Herfindahl-Hirschman (HH) indices were used to determine the competitive situation in olive production in this study, while the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RXA) index was used in the competition in fruit production areas. According to research, while 32-33 countries produced olives in 1961-1980, the five leading countries were Italy, Spain, Greece, Turkey, and Portugal/Tunisia. In this period, the HH index was over 1.800, and the share of the five countries was approximately 83.55%. During the 1981-2010 periods 32-38 countries produced olives: Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, and Tunisia were the leading countries, while Spain was the premier country. According to the HHI, the market is a monopolistic competition, but according to the concentration ratios, it shows the characteristics of an oligopolistic market. Countries with competitive positions in olive production are listed from strong to weak, such as Tunisia, Greece, Morocco, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Turkey. While the number of countries producing olives has increased slightly in recent years, conspicuous matters worldwide have been climate change and technological developments in the last years. Considering these situations, countries that reduce costs in olive production and develop technologies that increase yield and quality from unit areas will be one step ahead of the competition. In addition, since this market is generally an oligopoly market, each prolific country will not be disadvantaged by closely following the activities of other countries.

Keywords

competition status, olive, production amount

Ethical Statement

The authors wish to thank the FAOSTAT for data. These data were used in the graduate thesis of one of the authors of this article, Tuba Ateş

Project Number

Projesiz çalışma

1961-2021 Yılları Arasındaki On Yıllık Dönemde Zeytin Üretiminin Araştırılması

Abstract

Pek çok besinsel özelliğe sahip olmasına rağmen yetiştirme koşulları nedeniyle zeytin üreten ülke sayısı sınırlıdır. Zeytin kuraklığa dayanıklı bir bitki olduğundan iklim değişikliğinden en az etkilenen meyvelerden biridir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, dünyanın önde gelen zeytin üreticisi ülkelerinin 1961-2021 yılları arasındaki üretim alanları ve üretimdeki değişimler tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada zeytin üretiminde rekabet durumunu belirlemek için Konsantrasyon Oranı (CR) ve Herfindahl-Hirschman (HH) endeksleri kullanılmış, meyve üretim alanlarındaki rekabette ise Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Avantaj (RXA) endeksi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmalara göre 1961-1980 yıllarında 32-33 ülke zeytin üretirken, önde gelen beş ülke İtalya, İspanya, Yunanistan, Türkiye ve Portekiz/Tunus oldu. Bu dönemde HH endeksi 1.800'ün üzerinde olup, beş ülkenin payı ise %83,55 civarında gerçekleşti. 1981-2010 döneminde 32-38 ülke zeytin üretmiştir: İspanya, İtalya, Yunanistan, Türkiye ve Tunus önde gelirken, İspanya birinci sırada yer almıştır. HHI'ya göre piyasa tekelci bir rekabet yapısına sahip olmakla birlikte, yoğunlaşma oranlarına göre oligopolcü bir piyasanın özelliklerini göstermektedir. Tunus, Yunanistan, Fas, İspanya, Portekiz, İtalya ve Türkiye gibi zeytin üretiminde rekabetçi konuma sahip ülkeler güçlüden zayıfa doğru sıralanmıştır. Son yıllarda zeytin üreten ülke sayısı bir miktar artarken, son yıllarda dünya çapında dikkat çeken konular iklim değişikliği ve teknolojik gelişmeler oldu. Bu durumlar dikkate alındığında zeytin üretiminde maliyetleri düşüren, birim alandan verim ve kaliteyi artıran teknolojiler geliştiren ülkeler rekabette bir adım öne geçecektir. Ayrıca bu pazar genel olarak oligopol bir pazar olduğundan her üretken ülke diğer ülkelerin faaliyetlerini yakından takip ederek dezavantajlı duruma düşmeyecektir.

Keywords

rekabet durumu, zeytin, üretim miktarı, üretim alanı

Project Number

Projesiz çalışma

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