Research Article
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Serapias orientalis (Greuter) Bauman & Künkele (Orchidaceae) Tohumlarının İn Vitro Çimlenmesi

Year 2021, , 85 - 93, 23.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.620955

Abstract

Özet: Bu araştırmada Serapias orientalis (Orchidaceae) tohumlarının simbiyotik ve asimbiyotik yöntemlerle çimlenme ve
fide gelişimi koşulları belirlenmiştir. Asimbiyotik çimlendirme için beş faklı besin
ortamı (Su-agar, toprak-agar, Knudson C, Murashige-Skoog ve Van Waes-Deberg)
kullanılmıştır. Simbiyotik çimlendirme için köklerden fungus izolasyonu
yapılmıştır. İki farklı fungus elde edilmiş, morfolojik ve moleküler tekniklerle
yapılan tanımlama sonucu Tulasnella sp. ve
Fusarium oxysporum oldukları belirlenmiştir.
Tohumlar modifiye yulaf ortamına ekilmiş ve ayrı ayrı Tulasnella sp.ve F. oxysporum
aşılanmıştır. Üç ay sonra kültür tüplerinde çimlenme ve fide oranı
belirlenmiştir. F. oxysporum ile
aşılanan tohumların çimlenmemiş buna karşılık kontrol grubunda %24, Tulasnella ile aşılanan tüplerde %68
oranında çimlenme meydana gelmiştir. Kontrol grubunda (fungus içermeyen)
çimlenen tohumlar tüylü protokorm aşamasına gelişmiş fakat daha fazla gelişme
olmamıştır. Tulasnella ile aşılanan tohumların
%62.69’unun fide aşamasına geliştiği belirlenmiştir (5. ve 6. safhalar).
Fideler toprağa aktarılıp doğal ortamda büyütülmüştür. Asimbiyotik kültür
ortamlarından VWD ortamında en yüksek oranda çimlenme meydana gelirken fide gelişmemiştir.



Anahtar
kelimeler: Salep, orkide mikorizası, simbiyotik, asimbiyotik çimlenme

References

  • Aewsakul, N., Maneesorn, D., Serivichyaswat, P., Taluengiit, A.ve Nontachaiyapoom, S., 2013. Ex vitro symbiotic seed germination of Spathoglottis plicata Blume on common orchid cultivation substrates. Scientia Horticulturae, 160: 238-242.
  • Arditti, J. 1982. Orchid Biology Reviews and Perspectives, II, Comstock Publishing Associates a division of Cornell University press/Ithaca and London.
  • Clements, M.A., Muir, H. ve Cribb, P. 1986. A preliminary report on the symbiotic germination of european terrestrial orchids. Kew Bulletin, 41: 437-445.
  • Fracchia, S., Aranda-Rickert A., Rothen C. ve Silvana, S. 2016. Associated fungi, symbiotic germination and in vitro seedling development of the rare Andean terrestrial orchid Chloraea riojana. Flora, 224: 106-111.
  • Ghorbani, A., Gravendeel, B., Naghibi,F. ve de Boer, H. 2014. Wild orchid tuber collection in Iran: a wake-up call for conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 23 (11): 2749-2760.
  • Govaerts, R. Pfahl, J., Campacci, M. A., Holland Baptista D., Trigges, H., Shaw, J., P., Cribb, P.J., George, A., Kreuz K. ve Wood, J. 2011. World Checklist of Orchidaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Güner, A. 2012. The List of Turkey Plants (Vascular Plants). Namaş, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Johnson, T.R., Stewart, S.L., Dutra, D., Kane, M.E. ve Richarson, L. 2007. Asymbiotic and symbiotic seed germination of Eulophia alta (Orchidaceae) – preliminary evidence for the symbiotic culture advantage. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 90: 313–323.
  • Leake, J.R. 2004. Myco-heterotroph/epiparasitic plant interactions with ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 7: 422-428.
  • Kasparek, M. ve Grimm, U. 1999. European trade in Turkish salep with special reference to Germany. Economic Botany, 53: 396-406.
  • Kömpe Y.Ö. ve Mutlu V.A. 2017. Mycorrhizal diversity in some species of Dactylorhiza genus (Orchidaceae). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(1): 55-64.
  • Kreziou, A., Boer, H.D. ve Gravendeel, B. 2016. Harvesting of salep orchids in North-western Greece continues to threaten natural populations. Oryx, 50(3): 393-396.
  • Mala, B., Kuegkong, K., Sa-ngiaemsri, N., Nontachaiyapoom, S., 2017 Effect of germination media on in vitro symbiotic seed germination of three Dendrobium orchids. South African Journal of Botany 112, 521-526. McCormick, M. K., Whigham, D. F.ve O’Neill, J. 2004. Mycorrhizal diversity in photosynthetic terrestrial orchids. New Phytologist, 163, 425–438.
  • McCormick, M. K, Whigham, D. F., O’Neill, J. P., Becker, J. J., Werner, S., Bruns, T. D. and Taylor, D. L. 2009. Abundance of Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Orchidaceae) within an established population reflects abundance of ectomycorrhizal root tips and fungal community composition. Ecological Monographs, 79: 619–635.
  • McCormick, M. K.,Taylor, D. L., Whigham, D. F., Burnett, R.K. 2016. “Germination patterns in three terrestrial orchids relate to abundance of mycorrhizal fungi”, Journal of Ecology, 104(3), 744-754.
  • Øien, D., O'Neill, J.P., Whigham, D.F. ve McCormick, M.K. 2008. Germination ecology of the boreal-alpine terrestrial orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica (Orchidaceae). Annales Botanici Fennici, 45: 161–172.
  • Ozdener, Y. 1994. Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steudel) Bauman ve Künkele ve D.iberica (Bieb. ex.Wild) SOO (ORCHIDACEAE) türlerinin köklerinden fungusların izole edilmesi, bu türlere ait tohumların simbiyotik ve asimbiyotik kültür ortamlarında çimlenme ve gelişmesi üzerinde bir araştırma. Doktora Tezi. OMÜ Fen Bil. Enst. Samsun.
  • Özkoç, I. ve Dalcı, M. 1993. Orchis laxiflora tohumlarının iki farklı ortamda çimlenmesi ve gelişmesi üzerine bazı fungusların etkisi. DOĞA Türk Biyoloji Dergisi 17(1):23-28.
  • Park, E. J., Lee, W.Y. ve Ahn J.K. 2012. In vitro propagation of myco- heterotrophic Gastrodia elata. Horticulture, Environment and Biotechnology, 53(5): 415-420. Pascual, C.B., Toda, T., Raymondo, A.D. ve Hyakumachi, M. 2000. Characterization by conventional techniques and PCR of Rhizoctonia solani isolates causing banded leaf sheath blight in maize. Plant Pathology, 49: 108-118.
  • Rasmussen, H.N. 1995. Terrestrial Orchids From Seed to Mycotrophic Plant. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rasmussen, H.N. 2002. Recent developments in the study of orchid mycorrhiza. Plant Soil, 244: 149–163.
  • Sazak, A. ve Ozdener, Y. 2006. Symbiotic and Asymbiotic Germination of Endangered Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. and Dactylorhiza osmanica (Kl.) Soó var. osmanica (Endemic). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9 (12): 2222-2228.
  • Sezik, E. 2002. Turkish orchids and salep. Acta Pharmaceutica Turcica, 44:151-157.
  • Smith, S.E. ve Read, D. 2008. The mycorrhizas of green orchids. In SES Read, ed, Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Ed 3. Academic Press, London, pp 419– 457.
  • Stewart, S. L., Kane, M. E. 2006. "Symbiotic seed germination of Habenaria macroceratitis (Orchidaceae), a rare Florida terrestrial orchid", Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 86, 159-167.
  • Van Waes, J.M.ve Debergh, H. 1986. In vitro germination of some Western European orchids. Physiologia Plantarum, 67(2): 253-261.
  • Vujanovic, V., St-Arnaud, M., Barabe, D. ve Thibeault, G. 2000. Viability Testing of orchid seed and the promotion of Colouration and Germination. Annals of Botany, 86: 79-86.
  • Warcup, J.H. 1973. Symbiotic germination of some Australian terrestrial orchids. New Phytologist 72: 387–392.
  • White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. ve Taylor, J. W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics, in PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications, New York: Academic Press.
  • Yam, T.W.ve Arditti, J. 2009. History of orchid propagation: a mirror of the history of biotechnology. Plant Biotechnology Reports 3: 1–56.
  • Zettler, L.W. 1997. Terrestrial orchid conservation by symbiotic seed germination: techniques and perspectives. Selbyana, 18: 188–194.
Year 2021, , 85 - 93, 23.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.620955

Abstract

References

  • Aewsakul, N., Maneesorn, D., Serivichyaswat, P., Taluengiit, A.ve Nontachaiyapoom, S., 2013. Ex vitro symbiotic seed germination of Spathoglottis plicata Blume on common orchid cultivation substrates. Scientia Horticulturae, 160: 238-242.
  • Arditti, J. 1982. Orchid Biology Reviews and Perspectives, II, Comstock Publishing Associates a division of Cornell University press/Ithaca and London.
  • Clements, M.A., Muir, H. ve Cribb, P. 1986. A preliminary report on the symbiotic germination of european terrestrial orchids. Kew Bulletin, 41: 437-445.
  • Fracchia, S., Aranda-Rickert A., Rothen C. ve Silvana, S. 2016. Associated fungi, symbiotic germination and in vitro seedling development of the rare Andean terrestrial orchid Chloraea riojana. Flora, 224: 106-111.
  • Ghorbani, A., Gravendeel, B., Naghibi,F. ve de Boer, H. 2014. Wild orchid tuber collection in Iran: a wake-up call for conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 23 (11): 2749-2760.
  • Govaerts, R. Pfahl, J., Campacci, M. A., Holland Baptista D., Trigges, H., Shaw, J., P., Cribb, P.J., George, A., Kreuz K. ve Wood, J. 2011. World Checklist of Orchidaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Güner, A. 2012. The List of Turkey Plants (Vascular Plants). Namaş, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Johnson, T.R., Stewart, S.L., Dutra, D., Kane, M.E. ve Richarson, L. 2007. Asymbiotic and symbiotic seed germination of Eulophia alta (Orchidaceae) – preliminary evidence for the symbiotic culture advantage. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 90: 313–323.
  • Leake, J.R. 2004. Myco-heterotroph/epiparasitic plant interactions with ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 7: 422-428.
  • Kasparek, M. ve Grimm, U. 1999. European trade in Turkish salep with special reference to Germany. Economic Botany, 53: 396-406.
  • Kömpe Y.Ö. ve Mutlu V.A. 2017. Mycorrhizal diversity in some species of Dactylorhiza genus (Orchidaceae). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(1): 55-64.
  • Kreziou, A., Boer, H.D. ve Gravendeel, B. 2016. Harvesting of salep orchids in North-western Greece continues to threaten natural populations. Oryx, 50(3): 393-396.
  • Mala, B., Kuegkong, K., Sa-ngiaemsri, N., Nontachaiyapoom, S., 2017 Effect of germination media on in vitro symbiotic seed germination of three Dendrobium orchids. South African Journal of Botany 112, 521-526. McCormick, M. K., Whigham, D. F.ve O’Neill, J. 2004. Mycorrhizal diversity in photosynthetic terrestrial orchids. New Phytologist, 163, 425–438.
  • McCormick, M. K, Whigham, D. F., O’Neill, J. P., Becker, J. J., Werner, S., Bruns, T. D. and Taylor, D. L. 2009. Abundance of Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Orchidaceae) within an established population reflects abundance of ectomycorrhizal root tips and fungal community composition. Ecological Monographs, 79: 619–635.
  • McCormick, M. K.,Taylor, D. L., Whigham, D. F., Burnett, R.K. 2016. “Germination patterns in three terrestrial orchids relate to abundance of mycorrhizal fungi”, Journal of Ecology, 104(3), 744-754.
  • Øien, D., O'Neill, J.P., Whigham, D.F. ve McCormick, M.K. 2008. Germination ecology of the boreal-alpine terrestrial orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica (Orchidaceae). Annales Botanici Fennici, 45: 161–172.
  • Ozdener, Y. 1994. Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steudel) Bauman ve Künkele ve D.iberica (Bieb. ex.Wild) SOO (ORCHIDACEAE) türlerinin köklerinden fungusların izole edilmesi, bu türlere ait tohumların simbiyotik ve asimbiyotik kültür ortamlarında çimlenme ve gelişmesi üzerinde bir araştırma. Doktora Tezi. OMÜ Fen Bil. Enst. Samsun.
  • Özkoç, I. ve Dalcı, M. 1993. Orchis laxiflora tohumlarının iki farklı ortamda çimlenmesi ve gelişmesi üzerine bazı fungusların etkisi. DOĞA Türk Biyoloji Dergisi 17(1):23-28.
  • Park, E. J., Lee, W.Y. ve Ahn J.K. 2012. In vitro propagation of myco- heterotrophic Gastrodia elata. Horticulture, Environment and Biotechnology, 53(5): 415-420. Pascual, C.B., Toda, T., Raymondo, A.D. ve Hyakumachi, M. 2000. Characterization by conventional techniques and PCR of Rhizoctonia solani isolates causing banded leaf sheath blight in maize. Plant Pathology, 49: 108-118.
  • Rasmussen, H.N. 1995. Terrestrial Orchids From Seed to Mycotrophic Plant. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rasmussen, H.N. 2002. Recent developments in the study of orchid mycorrhiza. Plant Soil, 244: 149–163.
  • Sazak, A. ve Ozdener, Y. 2006. Symbiotic and Asymbiotic Germination of Endangered Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. and Dactylorhiza osmanica (Kl.) Soó var. osmanica (Endemic). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9 (12): 2222-2228.
  • Sezik, E. 2002. Turkish orchids and salep. Acta Pharmaceutica Turcica, 44:151-157.
  • Smith, S.E. ve Read, D. 2008. The mycorrhizas of green orchids. In SES Read, ed, Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Ed 3. Academic Press, London, pp 419– 457.
  • Stewart, S. L., Kane, M. E. 2006. "Symbiotic seed germination of Habenaria macroceratitis (Orchidaceae), a rare Florida terrestrial orchid", Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 86, 159-167.
  • Van Waes, J.M.ve Debergh, H. 1986. In vitro germination of some Western European orchids. Physiologia Plantarum, 67(2): 253-261.
  • Vujanovic, V., St-Arnaud, M., Barabe, D. ve Thibeault, G. 2000. Viability Testing of orchid seed and the promotion of Colouration and Germination. Annals of Botany, 86: 79-86.
  • Warcup, J.H. 1973. Symbiotic germination of some Australian terrestrial orchids. New Phytologist 72: 387–392.
  • White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. ve Taylor, J. W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics, in PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications, New York: Academic Press.
  • Yam, T.W.ve Arditti, J. 2009. History of orchid propagation: a mirror of the history of biotechnology. Plant Biotechnology Reports 3: 1–56.
  • Zettler, L.W. 1997. Terrestrial orchid conservation by symbiotic seed germination: techniques and perspectives. Selbyana, 18: 188–194.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Vildan Akın Mutlu This is me 0000-0002-6330-105X

Yasemin Özdener Kömpe 0000-0003-1649-4298

Publication Date January 23, 2021
Submission Date September 16, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Akın Mutlu, V., & Özdener Kömpe, Y. (2021). Serapias orientalis (Greuter) Bauman & Künkele (Orchidaceae) Tohumlarının İn Vitro Çimlenmesi. Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.620955