Effects of Pesticides (Chlorpyrifos, Glyphosate) Applied to Soil on Earthworm Behaviors and Some Soil Biological Parameters

Year 2020, , 301 - 307, 24.04.2020

Cafer Türkmen Nurdan Özkan Yusuf Özçelik Damla Özçelik Osman Tiryaki

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.725770

Abstract

Pesticides are directly applied to soils or plants to improve yields. A significant portion of pesticides applied to plants also passes to soils. The number of works investigating the effects of pesticides on earthworms is quite limited. In this study, two doses of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate pesticides (recommended and double of recommended dose) were incorporated into the soil and served for the preference of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in 2D (2-dimensions) terrarium. Changes in gallery areas, microorganism counts, catalase and urease enzyme activities were investigated. While the differences in gallery areas of untreated soil in both sides of 2D terrariums were not significant (p>0.05), the differences in gallery areas of chlorpyrifos-treated and untreated soils were significant (p=0.0298). Gallery areas at double dose of chlorpyrifos were greater than the control treatment (p=0.0323). The effects of glyphosate treatments on gallery areas were also insignificant (p>0.05). Increases were observed in microorganism counts with the recommended dose of chlorpyrifos (p=0.0074), but the differences were not significant at the double dose of chlorpyrifos. The double dose of glyphosate treatments significantly decreased microorganism counts (p=0.0273). While the double dose of chlorpyrifos significantly increased catalase enzyme activity (p=0.0041), the effects of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate treatments on urease enzyme activities were not significant (p>0.05). Here we demostrated that such as a method can also be used in soil quality, soil pollution, soil fertility and soil ecology studies which have gained a great significance for sustainable environment and agriculture.

Keywords

Pesticide, soil, earthworm, enzyme, microorganism

Toprağa Uygulanan Pestisitlerin (Chlorpyrifos, Glyphosate) Topraksolucanı Davranışlarına ve Bazı Toprak Biyolojik Özelliklerine Etkisi

Abstract

Pestisitler verimi artırmak için doğrudan toprağa ya da bitkilere uygulanmaktadır. Bitkilere uygulanan pestisitlerin önemli bir kısmı da toprağa karışmaktadır. Pestisitlerin topraksolucanlarına etkisi konusunda ise az sayıda çalışma vardır. Bu çalışmada chlorpyrifos ve glyphosate pestisitlerinin ikişer dozu (önerilen doz ve önerilen dozun iki katı) toprağa katılarak 2D (2 boyutlu) düzenekte topraksolucanlarından Eisenia fetida türünün tercihlerine sunulmuştur. Düzeneklerdeki topraksolucanlarının topraklardaki galeri alanları, mikroorganizma sayıları, katalaz ve üreaz enzim aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Pestisit uygulanmayan topraklarda 2D düzeneğin her iki tarafında topraksolucanlarının açtığı galeri alanları arasında önemli fark bulunmazken (p>0.05), topraksolucanlarının chlorpyrifos uygulanmış toprak kısmı ile ilaçlanmamış kısmında açtığı galeriler arasında önemli fark gözlenmiştir (p=0.0298). Topraksolucanları chlorpyrifosun iki katı uygulanmış topraklarında kontrol tarafına göre daha çok galeri açmışlardır (p=0.0323). Galeri alanları bakımından glyphosate’in etkisi de önemsiz olmuştur (p>0.05). Mikroorganizma sayıları bakımından chlorpyrifosun önerilen dozunda artış olmuş (p=0.0074), chlorpyrifosun önerilen dozun iki katı uygulamasında kontrole göre fark görülmemiştir. Önerilen dozun iki katında glyphosate uygulamalarında mikroorganizma sayılarında önemli derece azalma olmuştur (p=0.0273). Katalaz enzim aktivitesi chlorpyrifosun iki kat uygulamasında önemli seviyede artmışken (p=0.0041), üreaz enzimi aktivitesi bakımından chlorpyrifos ve glyphosate uygulamalarının her iki dozlarında istatistiksel fark olmamıştır (p>0.05). Bu çalışma ile bu tür metotların, toprak kalitesi, kirliliği, verimliliği ve ekoloji çalışmalarında kullanılabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

Pestisit, toprak, topraksolucanı, enzim, mikroorganizma

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