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Arıtılmış Atıksu Kullanılarak Yetiştirilen Aspir Bitkisi Tohumlarından Elde Edilen Yağın Yemeklik Yağ Kalitesinin İncelenmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 7 - 12, 19.01.2018

Abstract

Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius)
yenilebilir yağ üretiminde kullanılan yağlı tohum bitkilerinden biri olup,
yetiştiriciliği son yıllarda dünya genelinde artmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar
aspir tohumu yağının zeytinyağı, ayçiçeği ve yer fıstığı yağı ile benzer
özellikler taşıdığını göstermektedir. Aspir bitkisi tuzluluğa ve soğuk hava
koşullarına toleranslı olması sebebiyle kurak ve yarı-kurak bölgelerde
yetiştirilebilmektedir. Aspir yağının yüksek linoleik asit içeriği (%63-75)
yemeklik yağ açısından önemli bir kalite özelliğidir. Bu özellikleri ile
bitkisel yağ açığının kapatılmasında alternatif bir kaynaktır. Bu çalışmada
arıtılmış atıksu kullanılarak yetiştirilen aspir bitkilerinin tohumlarından
elde edilen yağın kalite ve fizikokimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Yemeklik
yağ olarak kullanımı için, Türk Gıda Kodeksinde yer alan yağ kalitesi
standartları ile kıyaslama yapılmıştır. Aspir tohumlarından yağ üretimi, çözgen
olarak n-hekzan kullanılarak Soxhlet ekstraksiyon yöntemiyle
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen aspir yağlarına kalite ve fizikokimyasal yağ
analizleri uygulanmıştır. Yağ asidi ve sterol kompozisyonu, asitlik ve peroksit
değeri, yoğunluk, kırılma indeksi, iyot ve sabunlaşma değerleri belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Akınerdem, F., Öztürk, Ö. 2008. Safflower and biodiesel quality in Turkey. 7th International Safflower Conference, Wagga Wagga, Austrailia.
  • Al Surmi, N.Y., El Dengawi, R.A.H., Khalefa A.H., Yahia, N. 2015. Characteristics and Oxidative Stability of Some Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, p14.
  • AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, AOAC International, Suite 500, 481 North Frederick Avenue, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
  • AOCS, 2005. Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemist’s Society. 5th edition. Champaign, USA. AOCS Press.
  • Baydar, H., Kara, N. 2010. Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)’in Büyüme ve gelişme dönemlerinde vejetatif ve genaratif organlarda kuru madde birikimi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(2): 148-155.
  • Conte, R., Gullich L.M.D., Bilibio, D., Zanella, O., Bender, J.P., Carniel, N. , Priamo, W.L. 2016. Pressurized liquid extraction and chemical characterization of safflower oil: A comparison between methods. Food Chemistry, 213: 425-430.
  • Coşge, B., Gürbüz, B., Kıralan, M. 2007. Oil content and fatty acid composition of some safflower (Carthamus tinctorius l.) varieties sown in spring and winter. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences, 1(3): 11-15.
  • FAO, 2017. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. FAOSTAT.
  • Geçgel, Ümit., Demirci, M., Esendal, E., Taşan, M. 2007. Fatty acid composition of the oil from developing seeds of different varieties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of American Oil Chemists’ Society, 84: 47-54.
  • Han, X., Cheng, L., Zhang, R., Bi, Z. 2009. Extraction of safflower seed oil by supercritical CO2. Journal of Food Engineering, 92: 370-376.
  • IBM SPSS, 2011. Ibm software business analytics. (20 edition).
  • IUPAC, 1992. Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives, 7th edition. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Blackwell, Oxford.
  • İlkdoğan, U. 2012. Türkiye’de Aspir Üretimi İçin Gerekli Koşullar ve Oluşturulacak Politikalar. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarım Ekonomisi Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Karabaş, H. 2013. Safflower Remzibey-05 (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed oil as an alternative feedstock for the biodiesel in Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University 27(1): 9-17.
  • Karaca, E., Aytaç, S., 2007. Yağ bitkilerinde yağ asidi kompozisyonu üzerine etki eden faktörler. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1): 123-131.
  • Katar, D., Subaşı, İ., Arslan, Y., 2014. Effect of different maturity stages in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) on oil content and fatty acid composition. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9 (2):83-92.
  • Naveed, A., Cowling, W., Bayliss, K., Nelson, M., Kailis, S. 2006. Influence of genotype and environment on fatty acid composition in canola (Brassica napus). www.grdc.com.au/growers/res_upd/west/w04/naveed.htm - 18k.
  • TS EN ISO 12228, 1999. Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Yağlar, Sterol Bileşiminin ve Toplam Sterol Miktarının Belirlenmesi, Gaz Kromatografisi Methodu.
  • Toma, W., Guimarães, L.L., Brito, R.M.S., Santos, A.R., Cortez, F.S., Pusceddu, F.H., Cesar, A., Júnior, L.S., Pacheco, M.T.T., Pereira, C.D.S. 2014. Safflower oil: an integrated assessment of photochemistry, antiulcerogenic activity, and rodent and environmental toxicity. Revista Brasilera Farmacognosia, 24: 538-544.
  • Uysal, N., Baydar, H., Erbaş, S. 2006. Isparta populasyonundan gelistirilen aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) hatlarının tarımsal ve teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1): 52-63.
  • Vosoughkia, M., Ghareaghag, L. H., Ghavami, M., Gharachorloo, M., Delkhosh, B. 2011. Evaluation of oil content and fatty acid composition in seeds of different genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 2: 59-66.
  • Yeilaghi, H., Arzani, A., Ghaderian, M., Fotovat, R., Feizi, M., Pourda, S. S. 2012. Effect of salinity on seed oil content and fatty acid composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes. Food Chemistry, 130(3): 618-625.

Examining of Edible Oil Quality of the Seeds of Safflower Plants Cultivated by Using Treated Wastewater

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 7 - 12, 19.01.2018

Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) is a plant with oil seed used for
edible oil production and its cultivation has been increasing throughout the
world in last decades. Although studies have shown that safflower seed oil has
similar properties with olive oil, sunflower and peanut oil, due to its
dominant characteristics over other plants such as tolerance for cold weather
conditions, salinity and plantation in arid and semi-arid zones, it can be an
alternative oil source to supply oil demand. As fatty acid composition is an
important quality factor, high linoleic acid content (63-75%) of safflower oil
proves its appropriateness as an edible oil. In this study, quality and
physicochemical properties of oil were determined for the seeds of safflower
plants cultivated by using treated wastewater. Its suitability as edible oil in
comparison with oil quality standards (Turkish Food Codex) was
investigated. Soxhlet extraction was employed for production of oil from
safflower seeds using n-hexane as solvent. Quality and physicochemical oil
analyses were applied to the safflower oils extracted. Fatty acid and sterol
compositions, acidity and peroxide values, density, refractive index, iodine
and saponification values were determined.

References

  • Akınerdem, F., Öztürk, Ö. 2008. Safflower and biodiesel quality in Turkey. 7th International Safflower Conference, Wagga Wagga, Austrailia.
  • Al Surmi, N.Y., El Dengawi, R.A.H., Khalefa A.H., Yahia, N. 2015. Characteristics and Oxidative Stability of Some Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, p14.
  • AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, AOAC International, Suite 500, 481 North Frederick Avenue, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
  • AOCS, 2005. Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemist’s Society. 5th edition. Champaign, USA. AOCS Press.
  • Baydar, H., Kara, N. 2010. Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)’in Büyüme ve gelişme dönemlerinde vejetatif ve genaratif organlarda kuru madde birikimi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(2): 148-155.
  • Conte, R., Gullich L.M.D., Bilibio, D., Zanella, O., Bender, J.P., Carniel, N. , Priamo, W.L. 2016. Pressurized liquid extraction and chemical characterization of safflower oil: A comparison between methods. Food Chemistry, 213: 425-430.
  • Coşge, B., Gürbüz, B., Kıralan, M. 2007. Oil content and fatty acid composition of some safflower (Carthamus tinctorius l.) varieties sown in spring and winter. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences, 1(3): 11-15.
  • FAO, 2017. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. FAOSTAT.
  • Geçgel, Ümit., Demirci, M., Esendal, E., Taşan, M. 2007. Fatty acid composition of the oil from developing seeds of different varieties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of American Oil Chemists’ Society, 84: 47-54.
  • Han, X., Cheng, L., Zhang, R., Bi, Z. 2009. Extraction of safflower seed oil by supercritical CO2. Journal of Food Engineering, 92: 370-376.
  • IBM SPSS, 2011. Ibm software business analytics. (20 edition).
  • IUPAC, 1992. Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives, 7th edition. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Blackwell, Oxford.
  • İlkdoğan, U. 2012. Türkiye’de Aspir Üretimi İçin Gerekli Koşullar ve Oluşturulacak Politikalar. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarım Ekonomisi Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Karabaş, H. 2013. Safflower Remzibey-05 (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed oil as an alternative feedstock for the biodiesel in Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University 27(1): 9-17.
  • Karaca, E., Aytaç, S., 2007. Yağ bitkilerinde yağ asidi kompozisyonu üzerine etki eden faktörler. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1): 123-131.
  • Katar, D., Subaşı, İ., Arslan, Y., 2014. Effect of different maturity stages in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) on oil content and fatty acid composition. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9 (2):83-92.
  • Naveed, A., Cowling, W., Bayliss, K., Nelson, M., Kailis, S. 2006. Influence of genotype and environment on fatty acid composition in canola (Brassica napus). www.grdc.com.au/growers/res_upd/west/w04/naveed.htm - 18k.
  • TS EN ISO 12228, 1999. Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Yağlar, Sterol Bileşiminin ve Toplam Sterol Miktarının Belirlenmesi, Gaz Kromatografisi Methodu.
  • Toma, W., Guimarães, L.L., Brito, R.M.S., Santos, A.R., Cortez, F.S., Pusceddu, F.H., Cesar, A., Júnior, L.S., Pacheco, M.T.T., Pereira, C.D.S. 2014. Safflower oil: an integrated assessment of photochemistry, antiulcerogenic activity, and rodent and environmental toxicity. Revista Brasilera Farmacognosia, 24: 538-544.
  • Uysal, N., Baydar, H., Erbaş, S. 2006. Isparta populasyonundan gelistirilen aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) hatlarının tarımsal ve teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1): 52-63.
  • Vosoughkia, M., Ghareaghag, L. H., Ghavami, M., Gharachorloo, M., Delkhosh, B. 2011. Evaluation of oil content and fatty acid composition in seeds of different genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 2: 59-66.
  • Yeilaghi, H., Arzani, A., Ghaderian, M., Fotovat, R., Feizi, M., Pourda, S. S. 2012. Effect of salinity on seed oil content and fatty acid composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes. Food Chemistry, 130(3): 618-625.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Müge Soylu This is me

Nasim Jalilnejad Falızı This is me

Tülay G. Madenoğlu This is me

Semih Ötleş This is me

Yasemin S. KUKUL KURTTAŞ S. Kukul Kurttaş This is me

M.Kamil Meriç This is me

Emrah Özçakal This is me

Hatice Gürgülü This is me

Nihal Cengiz This is me

Nalan Kabay

Mithat Yüksel This is me

Publication Date January 19, 2018
Submission Date June 5, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Soylu, M., Jalilnejad Falızı, N., G. Madenoğlu, T., Ötleş, S., et al. (2018). Examining of Edible Oil Quality of the Seeds of Safflower Plants Cultivated by Using Treated Wastewater. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 5(1), 7-12.