Trend Analysis and Spatial Distribution of Surface Soil Temperatures in Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 342 - 357, 16.04.2025

Yasin Demir , Azize Doğan Demir , Mehmet Zahid Malaslı

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1598495

Abstract

Soil temperature is a crucial factor affecting soil's physical, chemical, and biological processes. In particular, the rate of biochemical activities and the soil-plant-water balance are affected by soil temperature. Soil temperature has an important role in many issues such as soil management, water movement in the soil, and planting time determination. Therefore, to know the soil temperature and make predictions about its change in the coming years, the soil temperature trend must also be known. Today, there are many studies on soil temperature. However, studies on the trend of soil temperature are limited, especially in Türkiye. In this study, soil temperature trends over the period between 1981 and 2021 were analyzed on a monthly scale at 5 and 20 cm depths using 73 meteorological stations in Türkiye. Also, the relationships between air and soil temperature were examined during the same period. The results yielded a high correlation between air and soil temperature. According to the monthly trend analysis of soil temperature, there was a predominance of positive trends at both soil depths. For 5 cm and 20 cm-depths, the distribution of significant positive trends was the highest in March (78.08% and 83.56%, respectively), while significant negative trend distribution was the highest in June (9.59%) and July (4.11%), respectively. Increasing soil temperatures will affect many soil characteristics and agricultural production processes. It should be noted that the increase in soil temperature may positively affect plant germination and root development, but soil moisture balance and biochemical negatively affect soil properties. Planning sustainable soil management practices, including soil tillage, to reduce the increase in soil temperatures has become necessary. Therefore, activities that may cause an increase in soil temperature should be controlled and monitored.

Keywords

Soil Temperature , Trend Analysis , Mann-Kendall , Soil management , Türkiye

Thanks

We would like to thank the General Directorate of Meteorological Services for their contribution.

Türkiye’de Yüzey Toprak Sıcaklıklarının Trend Analizi ve Mekansâl Dağılımı

Abstract

Toprak sıcaklığı, topraktaki fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik olaylara etki eden önemli bir faktördür. Özellikle biyokimyasal aktivitelerin hızı ve toprak-bitki-su dengesi toprak sıcaklığının etkisi altındadır. Ancak günümüzde toprak sıcaklığı hakkında yapılan çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Toprak sıcaklığı ve bu sıcaklığın zamana bağlı olan değişimleri hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmak ekosistem ve tarımsal üretim için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'deki 73 iklim istasyonu kullanılarak 1981 ile 2021 yılları arasındaki dönemde toprak sıcaklığı eğilimleri aylık ölçekte 5 ve 20 cm derinliklerde analiz edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte aynı döneme ait hava ve toprak sıcaklığı arasındaki ilişkiler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları hava ve toprak sıcaklığı arasında yüksek korelasyonun olduğunu göstermiştir. Toprak sıcaklığının aylık eğilim analizleri sonuçlarına göre her iki toprak derinliğinde pozitif trendlerin fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. 5 cm ve 20 cm derinlikler için, önemli pozitif trend dağılımı en fazla Mart (sırasıyla %78.08 ve %83.56) ayında önemli negatif trend dağılımı ise sırasıyla en fazla Haziran (% 9.59) ve Temmuz (% 4.11) aylarında belirlenmiştir. Artan toprak sıcaklıkları toprakların birçok özelliğini etkilediği gibi tarımsal üretim süreçlerini de etkilemesi muhtemeldir. Toprak sıcaklıklarının artışını azaltacak başta toprak işleme gibi sürdürülebilir toprak yönetim uygulamalarının planlanması bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Bundan dolayı toprak sıcaklığının artışına neden olabilecek faaliyetler kontrol altına alınarak izlenilmelidir.

Keywords

Toprak Sıcaklığı , Trend Analizi , Mann-Kendal , Toprak Yönetimi , Türkiye

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