Çörek otu (Nigella sativa L.) bitkisinde sodyum azid uygulamasının optimizasyonu ve M1 generasyonunda tarımsal özelliklerin belirlenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 753 - 763, 23.07.2025

Hivrun Turanlı , Furkan Çoban , Kamil Haliloğlu

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1573820

Abstract

Bu çalışma, çörek otu tohumlarının klasik ıslah yöntemleriyle yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi potansiyelini artırmak için ilk adımı oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaçla, M1 tohumlarını üretmek için bir kimyasal mutajen olan sodyum azidin uygulanma koşulları optimize edilmiştir. Bu optimizasyonu sağlamak için, tohumlara farklı konsantrasyonlarda (1, 2, 3 ve 4 mM) ve sürelerde (1, 2, 3 ve 4 saat) sodyum azid mutajeni uygulanmış ve çimlenme parametreleri üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Mutant ve kontrol gruplarından tek bitki seçimlerini içeren bir tarla çalışması da, M1 neslindeki bitkilerin tarımsal özelliklerini değerlendirmek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, sodyum azid konsantrasyonu arttıkça çimlenme oranı, çimlenme oranı katsayısı, çimlenme oranı indeksi ve çimlenme canlılık indeksinin azaldığını; ortalama çimlenme süresinin ise arttığını ortaya koymuştur. Dozdaki farklılıkların tüm çimlenme parametrelerinde önemli etkileri olduğu saptanmıştır. Çimlenme oranı kontrol grubunda %85.6 iken, artan dozlarla %38.0'a düşmüştür. Tarla performansı açısından M1 bitkilerinin mutant ve kontrol grupları arasında bitki boyu, ilk dal yüksekliği, ilk kapsül yüksekliği, kapsül çapı ve 1000-tane ağırlığı açısından önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, dal sayısı, bitki başına kapsül sayısı, kapsüldeki tohum sayısı veya bitki başına verim açısından önemli bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, tohumlara 3 mM x 2 saatlik bir sodyum azid uygulaması, çörek otu bitkilerinde mutagenez yoluyla genetik varyasyonun indüklenmesinde etkili olmuş ve çörek otunun iyileştirilmesinde potansiyelini ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

Mutasyon ıslahı , Nigella sativa L. , sodyum azid , çörek otu

Optimization of Sodium Azide Application in Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and Determination of Agronomic Characteristics in M1 Generation

Abstract

This research represents the first step in enhancing the potential of black cumin seeds for developing new varieties through classical breeding methods. For this purpose, the application conditions of sodium azide, a chemical mutagen, were optimized to produce M1 seeds. To achieve this optimization, we applied sodium azide mutagen to seeds at various concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4 mM) and durations (1, 2, 3, and 4 hours) and assessed its impact on germination parameters. A field study involving single plant selections from the mutant and control groups was also conducted to evaluate the agricultural characteristics of plants in the M1 generation. The results revealed that as the concentration of sodium azide increased, the germination rate, germination rate coefficient, germination rate index, and germination vigor index decreased, while the average germination time increased. The differences in dose significantly affected all variations in germination parameters. The germination rate decreased from 85.6% in the control group to 38.0% with increasing doses. In terms of field performance, significant differences in plant height, first branch height, first capsule height, capsule diameter, and 1000-seed weight were detected between the mutant and control groups of M1 plants. However, there were no significant differences in the number of branches, capsules per plant, number of seeds in the capsule, or yield per plant. In conclusion, a 3 mM x 2 hour application of sodium azide to seeds effectively induced genetic variation in black cumin, demonstrating its potential for improving black cumin through mutagenesis.

Keywords

Mutation breeding , Nigella sativa L. , sodium azide , black cumin

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