Research Article
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IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ON THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF BRICS-T COUNTRIES

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 157 - 167, 30.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1657787

Abstract

This study, the impact of population growth and industrial production on the ecological crisis is examined by utilizing data from BRICS-T countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Türkiye) covering the period between 2000-2020. The dataset includes carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, population, and greenhouse gas emissions originating from industrial production. The data employed in the analysis were obtained from the World Bank database were utilized, and econometric modeling was conducted by logarithmically transforming both dependent and independent variables. The findings indicate that a 1% increase in population growth leads to a 0.4454% rise in CO₂ emissions, while a 1% increase in greenhouse gas emissions from industrial production results in a 0.2468% increase in CO₂ emissions. These results highlight the significant role of population expansion and industrial activities in environmental sustainability. The study contributes to the academic literature and provides insights for future research. Additionally, the findings are expected to inform policymakers in designing effective environmental policies and sustainable development strategies for BRICS-T countries.

Ethical Statement

An ethics committee statement is not required for this study.

Supporting Institution

No financial support was received for the study.

References

  • Ahmed, K., & Long, W. (2012). Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. Procedia Economics and Finance, 1, 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00003-2
  • Aşıcı, A. A. (2013). Economic growth and its impact on environment: A panel data analysis. Ecological indicators, 24, 324-333.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2008). Forecasting with panel data. Journal of Forecasting, 27(2), 153-173. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/for.1047
  • Baltagi, B. H., & Wu, P. X. (1999). Unequally spaced panel data regressions with AR (1) Disturbances. Econometric Theory, 15(6), 814–823. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3533276
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297111
  • Brown, M. B., & Forsythe, A. B. (1974). Robust tests for the equality of variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346), 364-367. https://doi.org/10.2307/2285659
  • Coskun, S. (2023). Türkiye’de nüfus artışı ve ekonomik gelişme arasındaki ilişki. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 313-329. https://doi.org/10.17541/optimum.1296107
  • Çelik Bayram, F. (2022). Ekolojik krize nüfus artışı ve endüstriyel üretimin etkileri: OECD ülkeleri üzerine panel veri analizi. Uluslararası Güncel Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 18-25.
  • Dindaroğlu, T. (2021). Ekolojik yıkımın ve salgınların ardındaki gerçek; ekosistemik yabancılaşma mı?. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 5(1), 266-287. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.866874
  • Dindaroğlu, T., Boran, B., & Babur, E. (2023). Orman dışına çıkarılan alanların toprak özelliklerindeki uzun dönemli değişimlerin araştırılması: Adana, Karaisalı örneği. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 7(2), 284-302. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1297012
  • Driscoll, J. C., & Kraay, A. C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent panel data. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(4), 549–560. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2646837
  • Özdemir, E., & Ercan, B. (2023). Avrupa yeşil mutabakatının enerji sektörüne ve otomotiv endüstrisine etkileri ve sonuçları. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi (51), 190-202. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1280352
  • Erden, D. (2019). Sanayileşme ve kentleşmenin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Bric-t ülkeleri için panel veri analizi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü].
  • Ergün, S., & Atay Polat, M. (2015). OECD ülkelerinde CO2 emisyonu, elektrik tüketimi ve büyüme ilişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi (45), 115-141. https://doi.org/10.18070/euiibfd.89737
  • Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality ımplicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32 (200), 675–701. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1937.10503522
  • Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement.
  • Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1995). Economic growt hand the environment. The quarterly journal of economics, 110(2), 353-377 . Hamilton, C., & Turton, H. (2002). Determinants of emissionsgrowth in OECD countries. Energy Policy, 30(1), 63-71. Han, A. (2024). BRICS-T ülkelerinde çevresel sürdürülebilirlik: karbon emisyonları, yenilenebilir enerji ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkileri. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(1), 136-151. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1391917
  • Haeckel, E. (1988). Generelle Morphologie der Organismen: Allgemeine Grundzüge der organischen Formen-Wissenschaft, mechanisch begründet durch die von Charles Darwin reformierte Descendenz-Theorie. Band 1: Allgemeine Anatomie. Band 2: Allgemeine Entwicklungsgeschichte. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110848281
  • Hausman, J. A. (1978). Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica, 46(6), 1251-1271. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913827
  • Ilham, M.I. (2021). Economic development and environmental degradation in Indonesia: panel data analysis. Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan.
  • Karakaş, A. (2016). Yaklaşan tehlikenin farkına varmak: iktisadi büyüme, nüfus ve çevre kirliliği ilişkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 19(41. Yıl Özel Sayısı), 57-73.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Volume Xlv March, 1955 Number One. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1-28.
  • Lee, C. C., & Chang, C. P. (2008). Energy consumption and economic growth in Asian economies: a more comprehensive analysis using panel data. Resource and energy Economics, 30, 50-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2007.03.00
  • Levene, H. (1960). Robust tests for equality of variances. Contributions to probability and statistics, 278-292.
  • Majeed, M. T., & Mazhar, M. (2019). Financial development and ecological footprint: a global panel data analysis. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 13(2), 487-514.
  • Malthus, T. (2023). An essay on the principle of population. In British Politics and the Environment in the Long Nineteenth Century (pp. 77-84). Routledge.
  • Malthus, T. R. (1986). An essay on the principle of population (1798). The Works of Thomas Robert Malthus, London, Pickering & Chatto Publishers, 1, 1-139.
  • Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J., & Behrens, W. W. (1972). The limits to. Growth, 102, 27.
  • Nations, F. A. O. U.(2022). 2021 IPPC annual report–protecting the world’s plant resources from pests. Food & Agriculture Org. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=TMhsE AAAQBAJ
  • Odum, E. P., & Barrett, G. W. (1971). Fundamentals of ecology.
  • Özkan, K. E. (2017). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma bağlamında çevre sorunlarının önemi: Türkiye ve AB karşılaştırması Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü].
  • Özşahin, Ş., Mucuk, M., & Gerçeker, M. (2016). Yenilenebilir enerji ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: BRICS-T ülkeleri üzerine panel ARDL analizi. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(4), 111-130.
  • Panayotou, T. (1993). Empirical tests and policy analysis of environmental degradation at different stages of economic development.
  • Panayotou, T. (1995). Environmental degradation at different stages of economic development. Beyond Rio: The environmental crisis and sustainable livelihoods in the third world, 13-36.
  • Shahbaz, M., Lean, H. H., & Shabbir, M. S. (2012). Environmental kuznets curve hypothesis in Pakistan: cointegration and granger causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2947-2953. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.015
  • Sharma, S. S. (2011). Determinants of carbon dioxide emissions: Empirical evidence from 69 countries. Applied Energy, 88(1), 376-382. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy. 2010.07.022
  • Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S. R., De Vries, W., ve De Wit, C. A. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223), 1259855
  • Townsend, C. R., Begon, M., & Harper, J. L. (2009).Okologie. Springer-Verlag.
  • Wang, B., & Xu, R. (2025). How industrial output, economic growth, environmental technology, and globalization impact load capacity factor in E7 nations. Sustainability, 17(4), 1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041419
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. The MIT Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hhcfr
  • Yesbolova, A. Y., Abdulova, T., Nurgabylov, M., Yessenbekova, S., Turalina, S., Baytaeva, G., & Myrzabekkyzy, K. (2024). Analysis of the effect of renewable energy consumption and industrial production on CO2 emissions in Turkic Republics by panel data analysis method. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 14(1), 480–487. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.15261
  • Zhang, X.-P., & Cheng, X.-M. (2009). Energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in China. Ecological Economics, 68(10), 2706-2712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.05.011

NÜFUS ARTIŞI VE ENDÜSTRİYEL ÜRETİMİN EKOLOJİK KRİZE ETKİLERİ: BRICS-T ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 157 - 167, 30.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1657787

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, BRICS-T ülkeleri (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye) için 2000-2020 yılları arasındaki sera gazı emisyonu, nüfus ve endüstriyel üretimden kaynaklı sera gazı emisyonu verileri incelenerek, nüfus artışı ve endüstriyel üretimin ekolojik kriz üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında, Dünya Bankası veri tabanından elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Analiz sürecinde, veri setindeki bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenlerin logaritması alınarak ekonometrik modelleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, nüfus oranlarında meydana gelen %1’lik bir artışın CO₂ emisyonlarını %0.4454 oranında artırdığını, endüstriyel üretime bağlı sera gazı salınımındaki %1’lik bir artışın ise CO₂ emisyonlarını %0.2468 oranında yükselttiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, nüfus artışı ve endüstriyel üretimin çevresel sürdürülebilirlik üzerindeki etkisinin göz ardı edilmemesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmanın, akademik literatüre katkı sunması ve sonraki araştırmalara rehberlik etmesi hedeflenmektedir. Ayrıca elde edilen bulguların, BRICS-T ülkelerinin çevre politikalarının oluşturulması ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma stratejilerinin belirlenmesi süreçlerinde politika yapıcılara referans niteliği taşıması beklenilmektedir.

References

  • Ahmed, K., & Long, W. (2012). Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. Procedia Economics and Finance, 1, 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00003-2
  • Aşıcı, A. A. (2013). Economic growth and its impact on environment: A panel data analysis. Ecological indicators, 24, 324-333.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2008). Forecasting with panel data. Journal of Forecasting, 27(2), 153-173. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/for.1047
  • Baltagi, B. H., & Wu, P. X. (1999). Unequally spaced panel data regressions with AR (1) Disturbances. Econometric Theory, 15(6), 814–823. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3533276
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297111
  • Brown, M. B., & Forsythe, A. B. (1974). Robust tests for the equality of variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346), 364-367. https://doi.org/10.2307/2285659
  • Coskun, S. (2023). Türkiye’de nüfus artışı ve ekonomik gelişme arasındaki ilişki. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 313-329. https://doi.org/10.17541/optimum.1296107
  • Çelik Bayram, F. (2022). Ekolojik krize nüfus artışı ve endüstriyel üretimin etkileri: OECD ülkeleri üzerine panel veri analizi. Uluslararası Güncel Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 18-25.
  • Dindaroğlu, T. (2021). Ekolojik yıkımın ve salgınların ardındaki gerçek; ekosistemik yabancılaşma mı?. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 5(1), 266-287. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.866874
  • Dindaroğlu, T., Boran, B., & Babur, E. (2023). Orman dışına çıkarılan alanların toprak özelliklerindeki uzun dönemli değişimlerin araştırılması: Adana, Karaisalı örneği. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 7(2), 284-302. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1297012
  • Driscoll, J. C., & Kraay, A. C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent panel data. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(4), 549–560. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2646837
  • Özdemir, E., & Ercan, B. (2023). Avrupa yeşil mutabakatının enerji sektörüne ve otomotiv endüstrisine etkileri ve sonuçları. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi (51), 190-202. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1280352
  • Erden, D. (2019). Sanayileşme ve kentleşmenin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Bric-t ülkeleri için panel veri analizi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü].
  • Ergün, S., & Atay Polat, M. (2015). OECD ülkelerinde CO2 emisyonu, elektrik tüketimi ve büyüme ilişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi (45), 115-141. https://doi.org/10.18070/euiibfd.89737
  • Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality ımplicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32 (200), 675–701. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1937.10503522
  • Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement.
  • Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1995). Economic growt hand the environment. The quarterly journal of economics, 110(2), 353-377 . Hamilton, C., & Turton, H. (2002). Determinants of emissionsgrowth in OECD countries. Energy Policy, 30(1), 63-71. Han, A. (2024). BRICS-T ülkelerinde çevresel sürdürülebilirlik: karbon emisyonları, yenilenebilir enerji ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkileri. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(1), 136-151. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1391917
  • Haeckel, E. (1988). Generelle Morphologie der Organismen: Allgemeine Grundzüge der organischen Formen-Wissenschaft, mechanisch begründet durch die von Charles Darwin reformierte Descendenz-Theorie. Band 1: Allgemeine Anatomie. Band 2: Allgemeine Entwicklungsgeschichte. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110848281
  • Hausman, J. A. (1978). Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica, 46(6), 1251-1271. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913827
  • Ilham, M.I. (2021). Economic development and environmental degradation in Indonesia: panel data analysis. Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan.
  • Karakaş, A. (2016). Yaklaşan tehlikenin farkına varmak: iktisadi büyüme, nüfus ve çevre kirliliği ilişkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 19(41. Yıl Özel Sayısı), 57-73.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Volume Xlv March, 1955 Number One. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1-28.
  • Lee, C. C., & Chang, C. P. (2008). Energy consumption and economic growth in Asian economies: a more comprehensive analysis using panel data. Resource and energy Economics, 30, 50-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2007.03.00
  • Levene, H. (1960). Robust tests for equality of variances. Contributions to probability and statistics, 278-292.
  • Majeed, M. T., & Mazhar, M. (2019). Financial development and ecological footprint: a global panel data analysis. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 13(2), 487-514.
  • Malthus, T. (2023). An essay on the principle of population. In British Politics and the Environment in the Long Nineteenth Century (pp. 77-84). Routledge.
  • Malthus, T. R. (1986). An essay on the principle of population (1798). The Works of Thomas Robert Malthus, London, Pickering & Chatto Publishers, 1, 1-139.
  • Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J., & Behrens, W. W. (1972). The limits to. Growth, 102, 27.
  • Nations, F. A. O. U.(2022). 2021 IPPC annual report–protecting the world’s plant resources from pests. Food & Agriculture Org. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=TMhsE AAAQBAJ
  • Odum, E. P., & Barrett, G. W. (1971). Fundamentals of ecology.
  • Özkan, K. E. (2017). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma bağlamında çevre sorunlarının önemi: Türkiye ve AB karşılaştırması Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü].
  • Özşahin, Ş., Mucuk, M., & Gerçeker, M. (2016). Yenilenebilir enerji ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: BRICS-T ülkeleri üzerine panel ARDL analizi. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(4), 111-130.
  • Panayotou, T. (1993). Empirical tests and policy analysis of environmental degradation at different stages of economic development.
  • Panayotou, T. (1995). Environmental degradation at different stages of economic development. Beyond Rio: The environmental crisis and sustainable livelihoods in the third world, 13-36.
  • Shahbaz, M., Lean, H. H., & Shabbir, M. S. (2012). Environmental kuznets curve hypothesis in Pakistan: cointegration and granger causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2947-2953. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.015
  • Sharma, S. S. (2011). Determinants of carbon dioxide emissions: Empirical evidence from 69 countries. Applied Energy, 88(1), 376-382. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy. 2010.07.022
  • Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S. R., De Vries, W., ve De Wit, C. A. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223), 1259855
  • Townsend, C. R., Begon, M., & Harper, J. L. (2009).Okologie. Springer-Verlag.
  • Wang, B., & Xu, R. (2025). How industrial output, economic growth, environmental technology, and globalization impact load capacity factor in E7 nations. Sustainability, 17(4), 1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041419
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. The MIT Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hhcfr
  • Yesbolova, A. Y., Abdulova, T., Nurgabylov, M., Yessenbekova, S., Turalina, S., Baytaeva, G., & Myrzabekkyzy, K. (2024). Analysis of the effect of renewable energy consumption and industrial production on CO2 emissions in Turkic Republics by panel data analysis method. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 14(1), 480–487. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.15261
  • Zhang, X.-P., & Cheng, X.-M. (2009). Energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in China. Ecological Economics, 68(10), 2706-2712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.05.011
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Green Structures and Environments, Forest Ecosystems
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tuğba Konuk 0000-0002-7381-4131

Zülküf Aydemir 0000-0003-0393-4557

Emre Babur 0000-0002-1776-3018

Publication Date April 30, 2025
Submission Date March 14, 2025
Acceptance Date April 16, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Konuk, T., Aydemir, Z., & Babur, E. (2025). IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ON THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF BRICS-T COUNTRIES. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 9(1), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1657787
AMA Konuk T, Aydemir Z, Babur E. IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ON THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF BRICS-T COUNTRIES. Turk J For Sci. April 2025;9(1):157-167. doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.1657787
Chicago Konuk, Tuğba, Zülküf Aydemir, and Emre Babur. “IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ON THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF BRICS-T COUNTRIES”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 9, no. 1 (April 2025): 157-67. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1657787.
EndNote Konuk T, Aydemir Z, Babur E (April 1, 2025) IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ON THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF BRICS-T COUNTRIES. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 9 1 157–167.
IEEE T. Konuk, Z. Aydemir, and E. Babur, “IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ON THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF BRICS-T COUNTRIES”, Turk J For Sci, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 157–167, 2025, doi: 10.32328/turkjforsci.1657787.
ISNAD Konuk, Tuğba et al. “IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ON THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF BRICS-T COUNTRIES”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 9/1 (April2025), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1657787.
JAMA Konuk T, Aydemir Z, Babur E. IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ON THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF BRICS-T COUNTRIES. Turk J For Sci. 2025;9:157–167.
MLA Konuk, Tuğba et al. “IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ON THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF BRICS-T COUNTRIES”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, vol. 9, no. 1, 2025, pp. 157-6, doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.1657787.
Vancouver Konuk T, Aydemir Z, Babur E. IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ON THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF BRICS-T COUNTRIES. Turk J For Sci. 2025;9(1):157-6.