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DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ KIRSAL EV BAHÇELERİNDE AGROFORESTRY UYGULAMALARI: RİZE VE TRABZON ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 265 - 282, 27.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1772013

Abstract

Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yaygın olan dağınık yerleşim yapısı ve sınırlı tarım alanları, kırsal halkın sürdürülebilir geçimini sağlamada alternatif arazi kullanım modellerine olan ihtiyacı artırmıştır. Bu çalışma, Rize ve Trabzon illerindeki kırsal ev bahçelerinde (KEB) gözlemlenen tür çeşitliliğini, bitkisel katman yapısını ve agroforestry potansiyelini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Toplam 48 ev bahçesinde yüz yüze anketler, kroki çizimleri ve arazi gözlemleri ile yürütülen çalışmada, bitkiler hayat formu ve kullanım amacına göre sınıflandırılmış, Trabzon ve Rize illeri arasındaki farklılıklar ortaya konmuştur. Bulgular, kırsal ev bahçelerinin çok katmanlı ve çok türlü yapılarıyla hem gıda güvenliği hem de ekosistem hizmetleri açısından çok yönlü işlevler üstlendiğini göstermektedir.

References

  • Allen, S. C., Jose, S., Nair, P. K. R., Brecke, B. J., Nkedi-Kizza, P., & Ramsey, C. L. (2004) Safety-net role of tree roots: Evidence from a pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch)–cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) alley cropping system in the southern United States. Forest Ecology and Management, 192(2–3), 395–407.
  • Altieri, M. A. (1999) The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 74(1–3), 19–31.
  • Başsüllü, N., & Tolunay, A. (2010) Eğirdir (Isparta) ilçesi örneğinde kırsal ev bahçelerinin yapısal özellikleri ve sürdürülebilirliği. SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 12–21.
  • Brandle, J. R., Boes, T. K., & Wight, B. (1991) Windbreaks for rural living (EC91-1767). Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension, 839.
  • FAO. (2017) Voluntary guidelines for sustainable soil management. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
  • Fernandes, E. C. M., & Nair, P. K. R. (1986) An evaluation of the structure and function of tropical homegardens. Agricultural Systems, 21(4), 279–310.
  • Fernandes, E. C. M., Oktingati, A., & Maghembe, J. (1984) The Chagga homegardens: A multistoried agroforestry cropping system on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Northern Tanzania). Agroforestry Systems, 2, 73–86.
  • Flemer, W. (1974) The role of plants in today's energy conservation. American Nurseryman, 89(9), 39–45.
  • Galhena, D. H., Freed, R., & Maredia, K. M. (2013) Home gardens: A promising approach to enhance household food security and wellbeing. Agriculture & Food Security, 2(1), 8.
  • Galluzzi, G., Eyzaguirre, P., & Negri, V. (2010) Home gardens: Neglected hotspots of agrobiodiversity and cultural diversity. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19(13), 3635–3654.
  • Krishnal, S., & Weerahewa, J. (2014) Structure and species diversity of traditional homegardens in Batticaloa District. The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9(3), 139–146.
  • Kumar, B. M. (2011) Species richness and aboveground carbon stocks in the homegardens of central Kerala, India. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 140(3–4), 430–440.
  • Kumar, B. M., & Nair, P. K. R. (2004) The enigma of tropical homegardens. Agroforestry Systems, 61(1), 135–152.
  • Kuş Şahin, C., & Aşkın, M. A. (2020) Isparta kent merkezindeki apartman bahçelerinin irdelenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 319–331. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.706049
  • Landscape Institute. (2008) Landscape architecture and the challenge of climate change: Landscape Institute position statement. London, UK.
  • Mukhlis, I., Rizaludin, M. S., & Hidayah, I. (2022) Understanding socioeconomic and environmental impacts of agroforestry on rural communities. Forests, 13(4), 556.
  • Nair, P. K. R. (2006a) Whither homegardens? Agroforestry Systems, 66(1), 1–6.
  • Nair, P. K. R. (2006b) An introduction to agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Gainesville, FL.
  • Naughton, N., Mooter, D., & Woollen, R. (2008) Windbreak and shelterbelt appraisal. Nebraska Forest Service, University of Nebraska–Lincoln.
  • Soemarwoto, O. (1987) Homegardens: A traditional agroforestry system with a promising future. In H. A. Steppler & P. K. R. Nair (Eds.), Agroforestry: A decade of development (pp. 157–170). Nairobi: ICRAF.
  • Talucder, M. S. A., Ruba, U. B., & Robi, M. A. S. (2024) Journal of agriculture and food research. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 16, 101116.
  • Taylor, J. R., Lovell, S. T., Wortman, S. E., & Chan, M. (2017) Ecosystem services and trade-offs in the home gardens of African American, Chinese-origin and Mexican-origin households in Chicago, IL. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 32, 69–86.
  • Teketay, D., & Tegineh, A. (1991) Traditional tree crop based agroforestry in coffee producing areas of Harerge, Eastern Ethiopia. Agroforestry Systems, 16(3), 257–267.
  • Terra, G. J. A. (1954) Mixed garden horticulture in Java. Malayan Journal of Tropical Geography, 4, 33–43. Torquebiau, E. (1992) Are tropical agroforestry home gardens sustainable? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 41(2), 189–207.
  • Turna, İ., Yazar, M. K., & Atar, F. (2018) Agroforestry applications in the home gardens in Trabzon and Rize provinces. Ecology 2018 (pp. 19–23). Kastamonu, Türkiye.
  • Turna, İ. (2001) Ihlamur (Tilia sp.)’un Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi agroforestry uygulamalarında kullanılabilirliği: Rize ili örneği. Ekoloji Çevre Dergisi, 38, 18–22.
  • Turna, İ. (2023) Tarımsal ormancılık (Agroforestry). Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara. ISBN: 9786254250026
  • Turna, İ., & Acar, C. (2002) Ev bahçelerinin yapısal ve işlevsel özellikleri: Trabzon örneği. Kafkas Üniversitesi Artvin Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1–2), 13–25.
  • Turna, İ., Atar, F., Güney, D., & Turna, H. (2024) Agroforestry uygulamalarından olan rüzgâr perdelerinin tarımsal alanlarda kullanımı. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 11(1), 65–80.
  • Turna, İ., Güney, D., & Atar, F. (2025) Kentsel agroforestry. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 12(1), 59–78.

AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES IN RURAL HOME GARDENS OF THE EASTERN BLACK SEA REGION: THE CASE OF RIZE AND TRABZON

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 265 - 282, 27.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1772013

Abstract

The fragmented settlement pattern and limited agricultural land in the Eastern Black Sea Region have increased the need for alternative land-use models to ensure the sustainable livelihoods of rural communities. This study aims to reveal the diversity of species, plant stratification, and agroforestry potential observed in rural home gardens in the provinces of Rize and Trabzon. Conducted in 48 home gardens through face-to-face surveys, sketch drawings, and field observations, the research classified plants based on their life forms and intended uses, highlighting the differences between the two provinces. The findings demonstrate that rural home gardens, with their multi-layered and multi-species structures, provide diverse ecosystem services and play a significant role in food security and sustainable land management.

References

  • Allen, S. C., Jose, S., Nair, P. K. R., Brecke, B. J., Nkedi-Kizza, P., & Ramsey, C. L. (2004) Safety-net role of tree roots: Evidence from a pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch)–cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) alley cropping system in the southern United States. Forest Ecology and Management, 192(2–3), 395–407.
  • Altieri, M. A. (1999) The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 74(1–3), 19–31.
  • Başsüllü, N., & Tolunay, A. (2010) Eğirdir (Isparta) ilçesi örneğinde kırsal ev bahçelerinin yapısal özellikleri ve sürdürülebilirliği. SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 12–21.
  • Brandle, J. R., Boes, T. K., & Wight, B. (1991) Windbreaks for rural living (EC91-1767). Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension, 839.
  • FAO. (2017) Voluntary guidelines for sustainable soil management. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
  • Fernandes, E. C. M., & Nair, P. K. R. (1986) An evaluation of the structure and function of tropical homegardens. Agricultural Systems, 21(4), 279–310.
  • Fernandes, E. C. M., Oktingati, A., & Maghembe, J. (1984) The Chagga homegardens: A multistoried agroforestry cropping system on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Northern Tanzania). Agroforestry Systems, 2, 73–86.
  • Flemer, W. (1974) The role of plants in today's energy conservation. American Nurseryman, 89(9), 39–45.
  • Galhena, D. H., Freed, R., & Maredia, K. M. (2013) Home gardens: A promising approach to enhance household food security and wellbeing. Agriculture & Food Security, 2(1), 8.
  • Galluzzi, G., Eyzaguirre, P., & Negri, V. (2010) Home gardens: Neglected hotspots of agrobiodiversity and cultural diversity. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19(13), 3635–3654.
  • Krishnal, S., & Weerahewa, J. (2014) Structure and species diversity of traditional homegardens in Batticaloa District. The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9(3), 139–146.
  • Kumar, B. M. (2011) Species richness and aboveground carbon stocks in the homegardens of central Kerala, India. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 140(3–4), 430–440.
  • Kumar, B. M., & Nair, P. K. R. (2004) The enigma of tropical homegardens. Agroforestry Systems, 61(1), 135–152.
  • Kuş Şahin, C., & Aşkın, M. A. (2020) Isparta kent merkezindeki apartman bahçelerinin irdelenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 319–331. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.706049
  • Landscape Institute. (2008) Landscape architecture and the challenge of climate change: Landscape Institute position statement. London, UK.
  • Mukhlis, I., Rizaludin, M. S., & Hidayah, I. (2022) Understanding socioeconomic and environmental impacts of agroforestry on rural communities. Forests, 13(4), 556.
  • Nair, P. K. R. (2006a) Whither homegardens? Agroforestry Systems, 66(1), 1–6.
  • Nair, P. K. R. (2006b) An introduction to agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Gainesville, FL.
  • Naughton, N., Mooter, D., & Woollen, R. (2008) Windbreak and shelterbelt appraisal. Nebraska Forest Service, University of Nebraska–Lincoln.
  • Soemarwoto, O. (1987) Homegardens: A traditional agroforestry system with a promising future. In H. A. Steppler & P. K. R. Nair (Eds.), Agroforestry: A decade of development (pp. 157–170). Nairobi: ICRAF.
  • Talucder, M. S. A., Ruba, U. B., & Robi, M. A. S. (2024) Journal of agriculture and food research. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 16, 101116.
  • Taylor, J. R., Lovell, S. T., Wortman, S. E., & Chan, M. (2017) Ecosystem services and trade-offs in the home gardens of African American, Chinese-origin and Mexican-origin households in Chicago, IL. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 32, 69–86.
  • Teketay, D., & Tegineh, A. (1991) Traditional tree crop based agroforestry in coffee producing areas of Harerge, Eastern Ethiopia. Agroforestry Systems, 16(3), 257–267.
  • Terra, G. J. A. (1954) Mixed garden horticulture in Java. Malayan Journal of Tropical Geography, 4, 33–43. Torquebiau, E. (1992) Are tropical agroforestry home gardens sustainable? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 41(2), 189–207.
  • Turna, İ., Yazar, M. K., & Atar, F. (2018) Agroforestry applications in the home gardens in Trabzon and Rize provinces. Ecology 2018 (pp. 19–23). Kastamonu, Türkiye.
  • Turna, İ. (2001) Ihlamur (Tilia sp.)’un Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi agroforestry uygulamalarında kullanılabilirliği: Rize ili örneği. Ekoloji Çevre Dergisi, 38, 18–22.
  • Turna, İ. (2023) Tarımsal ormancılık (Agroforestry). Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara. ISBN: 9786254250026
  • Turna, İ., & Acar, C. (2002) Ev bahçelerinin yapısal ve işlevsel özellikleri: Trabzon örneği. Kafkas Üniversitesi Artvin Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1–2), 13–25.
  • Turna, İ., Atar, F., Güney, D., & Turna, H. (2024) Agroforestry uygulamalarından olan rüzgâr perdelerinin tarımsal alanlarda kullanımı. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 11(1), 65–80.
  • Turna, İ., Güney, D., & Atar, F. (2025) Kentsel agroforestry. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 12(1), 59–78.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Forestry Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İbrahim Turna 0000-0003-4408-1327

Mahmut Kemal Yazar 0009-0007-8473-5969

Fahrettin Atar 0000-0003-4594-8148

Publication Date October 27, 2025
Submission Date August 26, 2025
Acceptance Date October 6, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Turna, İ., Yazar, M. K., & Atar, F. (2025). DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ KIRSAL EV BAHÇELERİNDE AGROFORESTRY UYGULAMALARI: RİZE VE TRABZON ÖRNEĞİ. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 9(2), 265-282. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1772013
AMA Turna İ, Yazar MK, Atar F. DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ KIRSAL EV BAHÇELERİNDE AGROFORESTRY UYGULAMALARI: RİZE VE TRABZON ÖRNEĞİ. Turk J For Sci. October 2025;9(2):265-282. doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.1772013
Chicago Turna, İbrahim, Mahmut Kemal Yazar, and Fahrettin Atar. “DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ KIRSAL EV BAHÇELERİNDE AGROFORESTRY UYGULAMALARI: RİZE VE TRABZON ÖRNEĞİ”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 9, no. 2 (October 2025): 265-82. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1772013.
EndNote Turna İ, Yazar MK, Atar F (October 1, 2025) DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ KIRSAL EV BAHÇELERİNDE AGROFORESTRY UYGULAMALARI: RİZE VE TRABZON ÖRNEĞİ. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 9 2 265–282.
IEEE İ. Turna, M. K. Yazar, and F. Atar, “DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ KIRSAL EV BAHÇELERİNDE AGROFORESTRY UYGULAMALARI: RİZE VE TRABZON ÖRNEĞİ”, Turk J For Sci, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 265–282, 2025, doi: 10.32328/turkjforsci.1772013.
ISNAD Turna, İbrahim et al. “DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ KIRSAL EV BAHÇELERİNDE AGROFORESTRY UYGULAMALARI: RİZE VE TRABZON ÖRNEĞİ”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 9/2 (October2025), 265-282. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1772013.
JAMA Turna İ, Yazar MK, Atar F. DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ KIRSAL EV BAHÇELERİNDE AGROFORESTRY UYGULAMALARI: RİZE VE TRABZON ÖRNEĞİ. Turk J For Sci. 2025;9:265–282.
MLA Turna, İbrahim et al. “DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ KIRSAL EV BAHÇELERİNDE AGROFORESTRY UYGULAMALARI: RİZE VE TRABZON ÖRNEĞİ”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, vol. 9, no. 2, 2025, pp. 265-82, doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.1772013.
Vancouver Turna İ, Yazar MK, Atar F. DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ KIRSAL EV BAHÇELERİNDE AGROFORESTRY UYGULAMALARI: RİZE VE TRABZON ÖRNEĞİ. Turk J For Sci. 2025;9(2):265-82.