Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

EXAMINATION OF GAS EXCHANGE PARAMETERS OF Abies balsamea (L) MILL. AND Abies concolor SAPLINGS, GROWN UNDER VARIOUS WATER REGIME, EXPOSED TO EXTREME DROUGHT STRESS AT THE END OF THE GROWING SEASON

Year 2021, , 592 - 605, 31.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.990037

Abstract

Two-year-old (plug+1) containerized Abies balsamea (L) Mill. and Abies concolor saplings were grown under various irrigation in the greenhouse to examine gas exchange parameters end of the growing period when they were exposed to extreme drought stress. Relative height growth (RHG) and relative root collar diameter (RRCD) were measured next to gas exchange parameters, such as net photosynthetic rate (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE=Anet/gs), and water use efficiency (WUE=Anet/E). As a result, Abies balsamea saplings had a higher RHG and RRCD than Abies concolor. Species had a significant effect on leaf gas exchange parameters that Abies balsamea had a higher Anet, gs, and a lower iWUE than Abies concolor. Increasing irrigation increased Anet and E. The interaction of species and time was statistically significant for gs and iWUE measurement. İncreasing prolonged drought decreased gs and did not change iWUE values for Abies balsamea, while increased gs and reduced iWUE for Abies concolor saplings. Even though Anet, E, and WUE were not statistically significant under the interaction of species and time, there is a decreasing trend for Abies balsamea on these parameters. In contrast, Abies concolor had a decreasing trend on Anet, and WUE and an increasing trend for gs when the saplings were exposed to extreme drought or extended the dehydration period were observed. Abies balsamea had a better performance and drought tolerance than Abies concolor when exposed to a prolonged drought.

References

  • Allen, C. D., Macalady, A. K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N., Vennetier, M., ... & Cobb, N. (2010) A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest ecology and management, 259(4), 660-684.
  • Belmecheri, S., Maxwell, R. S., Taylor, A. H., Davis, K. J., Guerrieri, R., Moore, D. J., & Rayback, S. A. (2021) Precipitation alters the CO2 effect on water‐use efficiency of temperate forests. Global Change Biology, 27(8), 1560-1571.
  • Brodribb, T. J., & McAdam, S. A. (2013) Abscisic acid mediates a divergence in the drought response of two conifers. Plant Physiology, 162(3), 1370-1377.
  • Comstock, J. P. (2002) Hydraulic and chemical signalling in the control of stomatal conductance and transpiration. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(367), 195-200.
  • Cregg, B. M., & O’Donnel, J. (2020) Real Christmas trees: Which one is right for you. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/choosing_the_right_christmas_tree#balsam/ Accessed 19.04.21.
  • Cregg, B. M. (2016). Choosing the right Christmas tree: Abies balsamea. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/choosing_the_right_christmas_tree#balsam/ Accessed 01.08.18.
  • Dayer, S., Herrera, J. C., Dai, Z., Burlett, R., Lamarque, L. J., Delzon, S., ... & Gambetta, G. A. (2020) The sequence and thresholds of leaf hydraulic traits underlying grapevine varietal differences in drought tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 71(14), 4333-4344.
  • de Miguel, M., Sánchez-Gómez, D., Cervera, M. T., & Aranda, I. (2012) Functional and genetic characterization of gas exchange and intrinsic water use efficiency in a full-sib family of Pinus pinaster Ait. in response to drought. Tree Physiology, 32(1), 94-103.
  • Ding, Y., Schiestl-Aalto, P., Helmisaari, H. S., Makita, N., Ryhti, K., & Kulmala, L. (2020) Temperature and moisture dependence of daily growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) roots in Southern Finland. Tree Physiology, 40(2), 272-283.
  • Fageria, N. K., Gheyi, H. R., Carvalho, M. C. S., & Moreira, A. (2016) Root growth, nutrient uptake and use efficiency by roots of tropical legume cover crops as influenced by phosphorus fertilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 39(6), 781–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2015.1088020
  • Farjon, A. (2001) World checklist and bibliography of conifers. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Forest Ecology and Management, 462,117999.
  • Frank, R. M. (1990) Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. balsam fir. Silvics of North America, 1, 26-35.
  • Gower, S. T., Vogt, K. A., & Grier, C. C. (1992) Carbon dynamics of Rocky Mountain Douglas‐fir: influence of water and nutrient availability. Ecological Monographs, 62(1), 43-65.
  • Guo, Q., Li, X., Niu, L., Jameson, P. E., & Zhou, W. (2021) Transcription-associated metabolomic adjustments in maize occur during combined drought and cold stress, Plant Physiology, 186(1), 677-695.
  • Hart, J., O'Keefe, K., Augustine, S. P., & McCulloh, K. A. (2020) Physiological responses of germinant Pinus palustris and P. taeda seedlings to water stress and the significance of the grass-stage. Forest Ecology and Management, 458, 117647.
  • Hsu, P. K., Dubeaux, G., Takahashi, Y., & Schroeder, J. I. (2021) Signaling mechanisms in abscisic acid‐mediated stomatal closure. The Plant Journal, 105(2), 307-321.
  • IPCC 2014a. Climate change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • IPCC 2014b. “Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to The Fifth Assessment Report of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,” R. K. Pachauri, L. A. Meyer, Eds., Core writing team. IPCC, Geneva, 2014.
  • Koc, I., & Nzokou, P. (2018) Effects of water stress and cold treatments on the germination of two conifers (Pinus nigra and Pinus brutia) species from Turkey. Hortscience, 53(9), 259-259.
  • Koç, İ. (2019) Conifers Response to Water Stress: Physiological Responses and Effects on Nutrient Use Physiology. Ph.D. Dissertation, Michigan State University.
  • Koç, İ. (2021a) Using Cedrus atlantica’s annual rings as a biomonitor in observing the changes of Ni and Co concentrations in the atmosphere, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-7. Doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13272-3
  • Koç, İ. (2021b) Examining seed germination rate and seedlings gas exchange performances of some Turkish red pine provenances under water stress. Düzce University Journal of Science & Technology, 9(3), 48-60.
  • Koç, İ. (2021c) Examining seed germination rate and seedlings gas exchange performances of some Anatolian black pine under water stress. International Karabakh Applied Sciences Conference, IKSAD Global Publishing House, 112-120.
  • Laacke, R. J. (1990) Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White fir. Silvics of North America, 1, 36-46.
  • Lambers, H., Chapin III, F. S., & Pons, T. L. (2008) Plant physiological ecology. (2th ed.). New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Li, P., Zhu, Y., Song, X., & Song, F. (2020) Negative effects of long-term moderate salinity and short-term drought stress on the photosynthetic performance of Hybrid Pennisetum. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 155, 93-104.
  • Liu, L., Li, D., Ma, Y., Shen, H., Zhao, S., & Wang, Y. (2020) Combined application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and exogenous melatonin alleviates drought stress and improves plant growth in tobacco seedlings. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 1-14.
  • Maier, C. A., Burley, J., Cook, R., Ghezehei, S. B., Hazel, D. W., & Nichols, E. G. (2019) Tree water use, water use efficiency, and carbon isotope discrimination in relation to growth potential in Populus deltoides and hybrids under field conditions. Forests, 10(11), 993.
  • Ozel, H. B., Cetin, M., Sevik, H., Varol, T., Isik, B., & Yaman, B. (2021) The effects of base station as an electromagnetic radiation source on flower and cone yield and germination percentage in Pinus brutia Ten. Biologia Futura, 1-7.
  • Pang, X.Y., Yuan, X.J., Wang, A., Li, M.H., Liu, X.L., Pan, H.L., Yu, F.H., & Lei, J.P. (2020) Effects of simulated warming and functional group removal on survival and growth of Abies faxoniana seedlings. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 29(3), 687-695. DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201803.010
  • [dataset] Rasband, W. (2016). ImageJ. Image Processing and Analysis in Java, Research Services Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/index.html.
  • Seleiman, M. F., Al-Suhaibani, N., Ali, N., Akmal, M., Alotaibi, M., Refay, Y., Dindaroglu, T., Abdul-Wajid, H. H., & Battaglia, M. L. (2021) Drought stress impacts on plants and different approaches to alleviate its adverse effects. Plants 10(2), 259.
  • Semerikova, S. A., Khrunyk, Y. Y., Lascoux, M., & Semerikov, V. L. (2018) From America to Eurasia: a multigenomes history of the genus Abies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 125, 14-28.
  • Sevik, H., & Erturk, N. (2015) Effects of drought stress on germination in fourteen provenances of Pinus brutia Ten. seeds in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 3(5), 294-299.
  • Shults, P., Nzokou, P., & Koc, I. (2020) Nitrogen contributions of alley cropped Trifolium pratense may sustain short rotation woody crop yields on marginal lands. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem, 117, 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-020-10068-8
  • Soba, D., Shu, T., Runion, G. B., Prior, S. A., Fritschi, F. B., Aranjuelo, I., & Sanz-Saez, A. (2020) Effects of elevated [CO2] on photosynthesis and seed yield parameters in two soybean genotypes with contrasting water use efficiency. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 178, 104154.
  • Song, X., Zhou, G., He, Q., & Zhou, H. (2020) Stomatal limitations to photosynthesis and their critical water conditions in different growth stages of maize under water stress. Agricultural Water Management, 241, 106330.
  • Topacoglu, O., Sevik, H., & Akkuzu, E. (2016) Effects of water stress on germination of Pinus nigra Arnold. Seeds. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 48(2), 447-453.
  • TreesForMe (2021) Abies balsamea, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. http://www.treesforme.com/balsam_fir.html/ Accessed 19.04.21.
  • Urban, J., Ingwers, M. W., McGuire, M. A., & Teskey, R. O. (2017) Increase in leaf temperature opens stomata and decouples net photosynthesis from stomatal conductance in Pinus taeda and Populus deltoides x nigra. Journal of experimental botany, 68(7), 1757-1767.
  • Varol, T., Canturk, U., Cetin, M., Ozel, H. B., & Sevik, H. (2021) Impacts of climate change scenarios on European ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in Turkey. Forest Ecology and Management, 491, 119199.
  • Wang, Y. S. D., Yang, D., Wu, H. D., Zhang, Y. B., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, Y. J., & Zhang, J. L. (2020) Overlapping Water and Nutrient Use Efficiencies and Carbon Assimilation between Coexisting Simple-and Compound-Leaved Trees from a Valley Savanna. Water, 12(11), 3037.
  • Wood, K. (2006) Drought-tolerant trees for Colorado landscapes. Ph.D. dissertation, Colorado State University.
  • Xu, Y., Feng, Z., Shang, B., Yuan, X., & Tarvainen, L. (2020) Limited water availability did not protect poplar saplings from water use efficiency reduction under elevated ozone. Forest Ecology and Management, 462, 117999.
  • Liu, Y., Xiao, J., Ju, W., Zhou, Y., Wang, S., & Wu, X. (2015) Water use efficiency of China’s terrestrial ecosystems and responses to drought. Scientific Reports, 5(1), 1-12.
  • Yang, Y. J., Bi, M. H., Nie, Z. F., Jiang, H., Liu, X. D., Fang, X. W., & Brodribb, T. J. (2021) Evolution of stomatal closure to optimize water‐use efficiency in response to dehydration in ferns and seed plants. New Phytologist, 230(5), 2001-2010.
  • Yigit, N., Cetin, M., Ozturk, A., Sevik, H., & Cetin, S. (2019) Varitation of Stomatal Characteristics in Broad Leaved Species Based on Habitat. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(6), 12859-12868.
  • Zweifel, R., Rigling, A., & Dobbertin, M. (2009) Species‐specific stomatal response of trees to drought–a link to vegetation dynamics?. Journal of Vegetation Science, 20(3), 442-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.05701.x

ÇEŞİTLİ SULAMA REJİMLERİNDE YETİŞTİRİLEN Abies balsamea VE Abies concolor FİDANLARININ BÜYÜME DÖNEMİ SONUNDA AŞIRI KURAKLIK STRESİ ALTINDAKİ GAZ DEĞİŞİM PARAMETRELERİ

Year 2021, , 592 - 605, 31.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.990037

Abstract

Sera ortamında farklı sulama rejimleri altında yetiştirilen iki yaşında (plug+1) tüplü Abies balsamea ve Abies concolor fidanlarının büyüme dönemi sonundaki aşırı kuraklık stresine maruz bırakılmaları durumundaki gaz alışveriş parametreleri incelenmiştir. Net fotosentez (Anet), stoma iletkenliği (gs), terleme oranı (E), içsel (gerçek) su kullanım etkinliği (iWUE=Anet/gs) ve anlık bitki su kullanım etkinliği (WUE=Anet/E) yanında göreceli boy büyümesi (RHG) ve çap artımı (RRCD) ölçülmüştür. Sonuç olarak A. balsamea fidanları A. concolor göre daha fazla RHG ve RRCD büyümesi yapmıştır. Yaprak gaz alışveriş parametreleri üzerinde türlerin önemli bir etkisi olup, A. balsamea A. concolor göre daha yüksek Anet, gs ve daha düşük iWUE değerlerine sahiptir. Artan sulama Anet ve E’yi artırmıştır. Tür ve ölçüm zamanı etkileşimi, gs ve iWUE değerleri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı çıkmıştır. Kuraklık periyodunun uzaması A. balsamea fidanlarının gs değerlerini düşürmüş ve iWUE değerleri değiştirmezken, A. concolor fidanlarında gs’yi artırmış ve iWUE değerini düşürmüştür. Tür ve ölçüm zamanı etkileşimi altında Anet, gs ve WUE istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmasa da bu parametreler A. balsamea fidanlarında azalma eğilimi göstermiştir. Aksine, fidanlar aşırı kuraklık stresine maruz kaldığında veya susuz dönem uzadığında, A. concolor fidanlarının Anet ve WUE değerlerinde bir azalan ve gs değerlerinde artan bir eğilim gözlemlenmiştir. A. balsamea uzun kuraklık dönemine maruz kaldığında A. concolor’a göre daha iyi bir performansa ve kuraklık toleransına sahiptir.

References

  • Allen, C. D., Macalady, A. K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N., Vennetier, M., ... & Cobb, N. (2010) A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest ecology and management, 259(4), 660-684.
  • Belmecheri, S., Maxwell, R. S., Taylor, A. H., Davis, K. J., Guerrieri, R., Moore, D. J., & Rayback, S. A. (2021) Precipitation alters the CO2 effect on water‐use efficiency of temperate forests. Global Change Biology, 27(8), 1560-1571.
  • Brodribb, T. J., & McAdam, S. A. (2013) Abscisic acid mediates a divergence in the drought response of two conifers. Plant Physiology, 162(3), 1370-1377.
  • Comstock, J. P. (2002) Hydraulic and chemical signalling in the control of stomatal conductance and transpiration. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(367), 195-200.
  • Cregg, B. M., & O’Donnel, J. (2020) Real Christmas trees: Which one is right for you. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/choosing_the_right_christmas_tree#balsam/ Accessed 19.04.21.
  • Cregg, B. M. (2016). Choosing the right Christmas tree: Abies balsamea. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/choosing_the_right_christmas_tree#balsam/ Accessed 01.08.18.
  • Dayer, S., Herrera, J. C., Dai, Z., Burlett, R., Lamarque, L. J., Delzon, S., ... & Gambetta, G. A. (2020) The sequence and thresholds of leaf hydraulic traits underlying grapevine varietal differences in drought tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 71(14), 4333-4344.
  • de Miguel, M., Sánchez-Gómez, D., Cervera, M. T., & Aranda, I. (2012) Functional and genetic characterization of gas exchange and intrinsic water use efficiency in a full-sib family of Pinus pinaster Ait. in response to drought. Tree Physiology, 32(1), 94-103.
  • Ding, Y., Schiestl-Aalto, P., Helmisaari, H. S., Makita, N., Ryhti, K., & Kulmala, L. (2020) Temperature and moisture dependence of daily growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) roots in Southern Finland. Tree Physiology, 40(2), 272-283.
  • Fageria, N. K., Gheyi, H. R., Carvalho, M. C. S., & Moreira, A. (2016) Root growth, nutrient uptake and use efficiency by roots of tropical legume cover crops as influenced by phosphorus fertilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 39(6), 781–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2015.1088020
  • Farjon, A. (2001) World checklist and bibliography of conifers. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Forest Ecology and Management, 462,117999.
  • Frank, R. M. (1990) Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. balsam fir. Silvics of North America, 1, 26-35.
  • Gower, S. T., Vogt, K. A., & Grier, C. C. (1992) Carbon dynamics of Rocky Mountain Douglas‐fir: influence of water and nutrient availability. Ecological Monographs, 62(1), 43-65.
  • Guo, Q., Li, X., Niu, L., Jameson, P. E., & Zhou, W. (2021) Transcription-associated metabolomic adjustments in maize occur during combined drought and cold stress, Plant Physiology, 186(1), 677-695.
  • Hart, J., O'Keefe, K., Augustine, S. P., & McCulloh, K. A. (2020) Physiological responses of germinant Pinus palustris and P. taeda seedlings to water stress and the significance of the grass-stage. Forest Ecology and Management, 458, 117647.
  • Hsu, P. K., Dubeaux, G., Takahashi, Y., & Schroeder, J. I. (2021) Signaling mechanisms in abscisic acid‐mediated stomatal closure. The Plant Journal, 105(2), 307-321.
  • IPCC 2014a. Climate change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • IPCC 2014b. “Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to The Fifth Assessment Report of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,” R. K. Pachauri, L. A. Meyer, Eds., Core writing team. IPCC, Geneva, 2014.
  • Koc, I., & Nzokou, P. (2018) Effects of water stress and cold treatments on the germination of two conifers (Pinus nigra and Pinus brutia) species from Turkey. Hortscience, 53(9), 259-259.
  • Koç, İ. (2019) Conifers Response to Water Stress: Physiological Responses and Effects on Nutrient Use Physiology. Ph.D. Dissertation, Michigan State University.
  • Koç, İ. (2021a) Using Cedrus atlantica’s annual rings as a biomonitor in observing the changes of Ni and Co concentrations in the atmosphere, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-7. Doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13272-3
  • Koç, İ. (2021b) Examining seed germination rate and seedlings gas exchange performances of some Turkish red pine provenances under water stress. Düzce University Journal of Science & Technology, 9(3), 48-60.
  • Koç, İ. (2021c) Examining seed germination rate and seedlings gas exchange performances of some Anatolian black pine under water stress. International Karabakh Applied Sciences Conference, IKSAD Global Publishing House, 112-120.
  • Laacke, R. J. (1990) Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White fir. Silvics of North America, 1, 36-46.
  • Lambers, H., Chapin III, F. S., & Pons, T. L. (2008) Plant physiological ecology. (2th ed.). New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Li, P., Zhu, Y., Song, X., & Song, F. (2020) Negative effects of long-term moderate salinity and short-term drought stress on the photosynthetic performance of Hybrid Pennisetum. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 155, 93-104.
  • Liu, L., Li, D., Ma, Y., Shen, H., Zhao, S., & Wang, Y. (2020) Combined application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and exogenous melatonin alleviates drought stress and improves plant growth in tobacco seedlings. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 1-14.
  • Maier, C. A., Burley, J., Cook, R., Ghezehei, S. B., Hazel, D. W., & Nichols, E. G. (2019) Tree water use, water use efficiency, and carbon isotope discrimination in relation to growth potential in Populus deltoides and hybrids under field conditions. Forests, 10(11), 993.
  • Ozel, H. B., Cetin, M., Sevik, H., Varol, T., Isik, B., & Yaman, B. (2021) The effects of base station as an electromagnetic radiation source on flower and cone yield and germination percentage in Pinus brutia Ten. Biologia Futura, 1-7.
  • Pang, X.Y., Yuan, X.J., Wang, A., Li, M.H., Liu, X.L., Pan, H.L., Yu, F.H., & Lei, J.P. (2020) Effects of simulated warming and functional group removal on survival and growth of Abies faxoniana seedlings. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 29(3), 687-695. DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201803.010
  • [dataset] Rasband, W. (2016). ImageJ. Image Processing and Analysis in Java, Research Services Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/index.html.
  • Seleiman, M. F., Al-Suhaibani, N., Ali, N., Akmal, M., Alotaibi, M., Refay, Y., Dindaroglu, T., Abdul-Wajid, H. H., & Battaglia, M. L. (2021) Drought stress impacts on plants and different approaches to alleviate its adverse effects. Plants 10(2), 259.
  • Semerikova, S. A., Khrunyk, Y. Y., Lascoux, M., & Semerikov, V. L. (2018) From America to Eurasia: a multigenomes history of the genus Abies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 125, 14-28.
  • Sevik, H., & Erturk, N. (2015) Effects of drought stress on germination in fourteen provenances of Pinus brutia Ten. seeds in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 3(5), 294-299.
  • Shults, P., Nzokou, P., & Koc, I. (2020) Nitrogen contributions of alley cropped Trifolium pratense may sustain short rotation woody crop yields on marginal lands. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem, 117, 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-020-10068-8
  • Soba, D., Shu, T., Runion, G. B., Prior, S. A., Fritschi, F. B., Aranjuelo, I., & Sanz-Saez, A. (2020) Effects of elevated [CO2] on photosynthesis and seed yield parameters in two soybean genotypes with contrasting water use efficiency. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 178, 104154.
  • Song, X., Zhou, G., He, Q., & Zhou, H. (2020) Stomatal limitations to photosynthesis and their critical water conditions in different growth stages of maize under water stress. Agricultural Water Management, 241, 106330.
  • Topacoglu, O., Sevik, H., & Akkuzu, E. (2016) Effects of water stress on germination of Pinus nigra Arnold. Seeds. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 48(2), 447-453.
  • TreesForMe (2021) Abies balsamea, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. http://www.treesforme.com/balsam_fir.html/ Accessed 19.04.21.
  • Urban, J., Ingwers, M. W., McGuire, M. A., & Teskey, R. O. (2017) Increase in leaf temperature opens stomata and decouples net photosynthesis from stomatal conductance in Pinus taeda and Populus deltoides x nigra. Journal of experimental botany, 68(7), 1757-1767.
  • Varol, T., Canturk, U., Cetin, M., Ozel, H. B., & Sevik, H. (2021) Impacts of climate change scenarios on European ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in Turkey. Forest Ecology and Management, 491, 119199.
  • Wang, Y. S. D., Yang, D., Wu, H. D., Zhang, Y. B., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, Y. J., & Zhang, J. L. (2020) Overlapping Water and Nutrient Use Efficiencies and Carbon Assimilation between Coexisting Simple-and Compound-Leaved Trees from a Valley Savanna. Water, 12(11), 3037.
  • Wood, K. (2006) Drought-tolerant trees for Colorado landscapes. Ph.D. dissertation, Colorado State University.
  • Xu, Y., Feng, Z., Shang, B., Yuan, X., & Tarvainen, L. (2020) Limited water availability did not protect poplar saplings from water use efficiency reduction under elevated ozone. Forest Ecology and Management, 462, 117999.
  • Liu, Y., Xiao, J., Ju, W., Zhou, Y., Wang, S., & Wu, X. (2015) Water use efficiency of China’s terrestrial ecosystems and responses to drought. Scientific Reports, 5(1), 1-12.
  • Yang, Y. J., Bi, M. H., Nie, Z. F., Jiang, H., Liu, X. D., Fang, X. W., & Brodribb, T. J. (2021) Evolution of stomatal closure to optimize water‐use efficiency in response to dehydration in ferns and seed plants. New Phytologist, 230(5), 2001-2010.
  • Yigit, N., Cetin, M., Ozturk, A., Sevik, H., & Cetin, S. (2019) Varitation of Stomatal Characteristics in Broad Leaved Species Based on Habitat. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(6), 12859-12868.
  • Zweifel, R., Rigling, A., & Dobbertin, M. (2009) Species‐specific stomatal response of trees to drought–a link to vegetation dynamics?. Journal of Vegetation Science, 20(3), 442-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.05701.x
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Forest Industry Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İsmail Koç 0000-0001-5847-9155

Publication Date October 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Koç, İ. (2021). EXAMINATION OF GAS EXCHANGE PARAMETERS OF Abies balsamea (L) MILL. AND Abies concolor SAPLINGS, GROWN UNDER VARIOUS WATER REGIME, EXPOSED TO EXTREME DROUGHT STRESS AT THE END OF THE GROWING SEASON. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 5(2), 592-605. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.990037
AMA Koç İ. EXAMINATION OF GAS EXCHANGE PARAMETERS OF Abies balsamea (L) MILL. AND Abies concolor SAPLINGS, GROWN UNDER VARIOUS WATER REGIME, EXPOSED TO EXTREME DROUGHT STRESS AT THE END OF THE GROWING SEASON. Turk J For Sci. October 2021;5(2):592-605. doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.990037
Chicago Koç, İsmail. “EXAMINATION OF GAS EXCHANGE PARAMETERS OF Abies Balsamea (L) MILL. AND Abies Concolor SAPLINGS, GROWN UNDER VARIOUS WATER REGIME, EXPOSED TO EXTREME DROUGHT STRESS AT THE END OF THE GROWING SEASON”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 5, no. 2 (October 2021): 592-605. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.990037.
EndNote Koç İ (October 1, 2021) EXAMINATION OF GAS EXCHANGE PARAMETERS OF Abies balsamea (L) MILL. AND Abies concolor SAPLINGS, GROWN UNDER VARIOUS WATER REGIME, EXPOSED TO EXTREME DROUGHT STRESS AT THE END OF THE GROWING SEASON. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 5 2 592–605.
IEEE İ. Koç, “EXAMINATION OF GAS EXCHANGE PARAMETERS OF Abies balsamea (L) MILL. AND Abies concolor SAPLINGS, GROWN UNDER VARIOUS WATER REGIME, EXPOSED TO EXTREME DROUGHT STRESS AT THE END OF THE GROWING SEASON”, Turk J For Sci, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 592–605, 2021, doi: 10.32328/turkjforsci.990037.
ISNAD Koç, İsmail. “EXAMINATION OF GAS EXCHANGE PARAMETERS OF Abies Balsamea (L) MILL. AND Abies Concolor SAPLINGS, GROWN UNDER VARIOUS WATER REGIME, EXPOSED TO EXTREME DROUGHT STRESS AT THE END OF THE GROWING SEASON”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 5/2 (October 2021), 592-605. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.990037.
JAMA Koç İ. EXAMINATION OF GAS EXCHANGE PARAMETERS OF Abies balsamea (L) MILL. AND Abies concolor SAPLINGS, GROWN UNDER VARIOUS WATER REGIME, EXPOSED TO EXTREME DROUGHT STRESS AT THE END OF THE GROWING SEASON. Turk J For Sci. 2021;5:592–605.
MLA Koç, İsmail. “EXAMINATION OF GAS EXCHANGE PARAMETERS OF Abies Balsamea (L) MILL. AND Abies Concolor SAPLINGS, GROWN UNDER VARIOUS WATER REGIME, EXPOSED TO EXTREME DROUGHT STRESS AT THE END OF THE GROWING SEASON”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, vol. 5, no. 2, 2021, pp. 592-05, doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.990037.
Vancouver Koç İ. EXAMINATION OF GAS EXCHANGE PARAMETERS OF Abies balsamea (L) MILL. AND Abies concolor SAPLINGS, GROWN UNDER VARIOUS WATER REGIME, EXPOSED TO EXTREME DROUGHT STRESS AT THE END OF THE GROWING SEASON. Turk J For Sci. 2021;5(2):592-605.