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VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 229 - 244, 24.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.711142

Abstract

Forests of Uttarakhand Himalaya are distributed vertically and horizontally. Their types and diversity vary according to climate and altitudes, the main drivers. This paper examines the vertical and horizontal distribution of forests in Uttarakhand Himalaya. Data was gathered from the secondary sources mainly from the Forest Survey of India 2005, 2011, and 2017. Forest density along with altitudinal gradient and horizontally was also analyzed. Our result shows that forest cover is high in the districts which are located in the mountainous mainland. In the meantime, the districts where the area under snow-clad is high, and which lie in the plain region, forest cover is less. In terms of altitude, the forest area below <500 m and above >3,000 m is less. Total forest area is 63% of the total area whereas forest cover is only 45%. Forest use is less in the highlands and its use is high in the middle altitudes and river valleys. The middle altitudes and the valleys region have a comparatively high population. Forest degradation has observed high in these locations. It is suggested that forest can optimally be used in the highlands and it can be conserved in and surrounding the rural and urban settlements.

References

  • CEDAR, 2010. Centre for ecological development and research, final report, available at: www.cedarhimalaya.org.
  • Champion, H.G., Seth, S.K., (1968). A revised survey of the forest types in India. Government of India publication, New Delhi, 1(1): 22-26.
  • Dhar, T.N., Gupta, S.P., Joshi, S.C., (1997). Forestry in the Himalayan States of India- A Comparative Study. SHERPA, Lucknow, 1(1): 272-279.
  • Dhyani, P.P., (2000). Common plant species have potential for economic upliftment of rural populace– Bantulsi a case in point. Hima-Paryavaran, 12 (1): 11-13.
  • FAO, (2015). Global Forest Resources Assessment. How are the World's Forests Changing Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
  • FAO, (2012). Global Forest Land-Use Change 1990-2005. FAO Forestry Paper, 109: 2-9.
  • FAO, (2010). FAO Strategy for Forest and Forestry. Rom, Italy, 22-34.
  • FAO, (1948). Forest Resources of the World, Unasylva. Washington DC, (4):1-29.
  • Joshi, B.K., (2006). Common property resources synergy and perspectives of sustainable management in Garurganga watershed, Indian Central Himalaya. Journal of Human Ecology, 20: 69-75
  • Kumari, P., Tiwari, L.M., (2009). Biodiversity in Uttarakhand Himalaya region. Nature and Science, 7(3): 545-552.
  • Kumar, A., Ram, J., (2005). Anthropogenic disturbances and plant biodiversity in forests of Uttaranchal, Central Himalaya. Biodiversity Conservation, 14(1): 309-331.
  • Maikhuri, R.K., Nautiyal, S., Rao, K.S., Saxena, K.G., (1998). Role of Medicinal Plants in Traditional Health Care System: A Case Study from Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. Current Science, 75(2): 152-157
  • Maikhuri, R.K., Semwal, R.L., Rao, K.S., Saxena, K.G. (1997). International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 4(1): 192-203.
  • Negi, S.P., (2009). Forest Cover in Indian Himalayan States: An overview, Indian Journal of Forestry, 32 (1): 1-5.
  • Negi, G.C.S., and Agarwal, D.K. (2006). Measuring and valuing ecosystem services: Himalayan mountain context, Current Science, 91 (5):119-136.
  • Negi, S.S. (1990). A Handbook of the Himalaya. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi, 350-356.
  • Malik, Z.A., Bhatt, A.B., (2016). Regeneration status of tree species and survival of their seedlings in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary and its adjoining areas in Western Himalaya, India, Tropical Ecology, 4(2): 23-29.
  • Oguz, H., Uzun, A. & Kısakürek, Ş. (2020) Web-based tree information system: A case study of Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 4(1): 160-171.
  • Phartiyal, P., Tewari, A. (2006). IASCP Conference Papers, http:// www.indiana.edu.
  • Ram, J., Kumar, A., Bhatt, J., (2004). Plant diversity in six forest types of Uttaranchal, Central Himalaya, India. Current Science, 86: 975–978.
  • Rao, K.S., Maikhuri, R.K., Saxena, K.G., (1999). International Tree Crops Journal, 10(1): 1-17.
  • Samal, P.K., Shah, A., Tiwari, S.C., and Agrawal, D.K., (2002). Indigenous Animal Health Care Practices and their Relevance to Bioresource Conservation in Indian Central Himalaya. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 8: 167-178.
  • Samal, P.K., Shah, A., Tiwari, S.C., Agrawal, D.K., (2004). Indigenous Medicinal Practices and their Linkages in Resource Conservation and Physical Well Being of the Locals in Central Himalayan Region of India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 3(1): 12- 26.
  • Sati, V. P. (2017). An Assessment of Forest Cover Changes in the Indian Himalayan Region. ENVIS Bulletin Himalayan Ecology, 25: 66-74
  • Sati, V.P. (2006). Forest Resource Management in Mountain Regions: A Case for the Pindar Basin of Uttarakhand Himalaya, Lyonia: A Journal of Ecology and Application, 11 (1) : 75-84.
  • Saxena, K.G., Rao, K.S., Sen, K.K., Maikhuri, R.K., Semwal, R.L., (2001). Conservation Ecology, 5: 14, online http//www. consecol.org./vol15/iss2/art14.
  • Singh, J.S., (2004). Sustainable Development of Indian Himalayan Region: Linking Ecological and Economic Concerns. G.B. Pant Memorial Lecture–X, GBPNIHESD, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora.
  • Singh, K., Singh, H.S., (2009). Forage resource development in Uttarakhand Experiences and observations, 1-35.
  • Singh, R.L., (1971). India: A Regional Geography (Ed), National Geographical Society of India. Varanasi, UP, India. 1(2): 11-23.
  • Singh, S.P., Tewari, A., Jina, B.S., (2004). Climate Change Challenge (3C) and social-economic-ecological, International Journal of Ecological Environmental Science, 31: 45-48.
  • UEPPCB, (2004). State of Environment Report for Uttaranchal, Uttaranchal Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Board, Government of Uttaranchal, Dehradun.

UTTARAKHAND HİMALAYA'DA ORMANLARIN DÜŞEY VE YATAY DAĞILIMI: BİR COĞRAFİ ANALİZ

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 229 - 244, 24.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.711142

Abstract

Uttarakhand himalaya ormanları dikey ve yatay olarak dağılmış bulunmaktadır. Türleri ve çeşitliliği, ana etken olan iklim ve rakımlara göre değişmektedir. Bu makale uttarakhand himalaya'daki ormanların dikey ve yatay dağılımını incelemektedir. Veriler, ikincil kaynaklardan temel olarak hindistan orman araştırması bölümünden 2005, 2011 ve 2017 yıllarında elde edilmiştir. Orman yoğunluğu, yükseklik eğimi ile birlikte ve yatay olarak da analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar dağlık anakarada yer alan ilçelerde orman örtüsünün yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu arada karla kaplı alanın yüksek olduğu ve ova bölgesinde kalan ilçelerde orman örtüsü azdır. Rakım açısından, 500 m'nin altındaki ve 3.000 m'nin üzerindeki alanlarda orman daha azdır. Toplam orman alanı, toplam alanın % 63'ünü oluştururken, orman örtüsü yalnızca % 45'tir. Yaylalarda orman kullanımı az, orta rakımlarda ve nehir vadilerinde kullanımı fazladır. Orta rakımlar ve vadiler bölgesi nispeten yüksek bir nüfusa sahiptir. Bu yerlerde yüksek oranda orman bozulması gözlemlenmiştir. Ormanın yaylalarda en iyi şekilde kullanılabileceği, kırsal ve kentsel yerleşimlerde ve çevresinde korunabileceği önerilmektedir.

References

  • CEDAR, 2010. Centre for ecological development and research, final report, available at: www.cedarhimalaya.org.
  • Champion, H.G., Seth, S.K., (1968). A revised survey of the forest types in India. Government of India publication, New Delhi, 1(1): 22-26.
  • Dhar, T.N., Gupta, S.P., Joshi, S.C., (1997). Forestry in the Himalayan States of India- A Comparative Study. SHERPA, Lucknow, 1(1): 272-279.
  • Dhyani, P.P., (2000). Common plant species have potential for economic upliftment of rural populace– Bantulsi a case in point. Hima-Paryavaran, 12 (1): 11-13.
  • FAO, (2015). Global Forest Resources Assessment. How are the World's Forests Changing Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
  • FAO, (2012). Global Forest Land-Use Change 1990-2005. FAO Forestry Paper, 109: 2-9.
  • FAO, (2010). FAO Strategy for Forest and Forestry. Rom, Italy, 22-34.
  • FAO, (1948). Forest Resources of the World, Unasylva. Washington DC, (4):1-29.
  • Joshi, B.K., (2006). Common property resources synergy and perspectives of sustainable management in Garurganga watershed, Indian Central Himalaya. Journal of Human Ecology, 20: 69-75
  • Kumari, P., Tiwari, L.M., (2009). Biodiversity in Uttarakhand Himalaya region. Nature and Science, 7(3): 545-552.
  • Kumar, A., Ram, J., (2005). Anthropogenic disturbances and plant biodiversity in forests of Uttaranchal, Central Himalaya. Biodiversity Conservation, 14(1): 309-331.
  • Maikhuri, R.K., Nautiyal, S., Rao, K.S., Saxena, K.G., (1998). Role of Medicinal Plants in Traditional Health Care System: A Case Study from Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. Current Science, 75(2): 152-157
  • Maikhuri, R.K., Semwal, R.L., Rao, K.S., Saxena, K.G. (1997). International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 4(1): 192-203.
  • Negi, S.P., (2009). Forest Cover in Indian Himalayan States: An overview, Indian Journal of Forestry, 32 (1): 1-5.
  • Negi, G.C.S., and Agarwal, D.K. (2006). Measuring and valuing ecosystem services: Himalayan mountain context, Current Science, 91 (5):119-136.
  • Negi, S.S. (1990). A Handbook of the Himalaya. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi, 350-356.
  • Malik, Z.A., Bhatt, A.B., (2016). Regeneration status of tree species and survival of their seedlings in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary and its adjoining areas in Western Himalaya, India, Tropical Ecology, 4(2): 23-29.
  • Oguz, H., Uzun, A. & Kısakürek, Ş. (2020) Web-based tree information system: A case study of Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 4(1): 160-171.
  • Phartiyal, P., Tewari, A. (2006). IASCP Conference Papers, http:// www.indiana.edu.
  • Ram, J., Kumar, A., Bhatt, J., (2004). Plant diversity in six forest types of Uttaranchal, Central Himalaya, India. Current Science, 86: 975–978.
  • Rao, K.S., Maikhuri, R.K., Saxena, K.G., (1999). International Tree Crops Journal, 10(1): 1-17.
  • Samal, P.K., Shah, A., Tiwari, S.C., and Agrawal, D.K., (2002). Indigenous Animal Health Care Practices and their Relevance to Bioresource Conservation in Indian Central Himalaya. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 8: 167-178.
  • Samal, P.K., Shah, A., Tiwari, S.C., Agrawal, D.K., (2004). Indigenous Medicinal Practices and their Linkages in Resource Conservation and Physical Well Being of the Locals in Central Himalayan Region of India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 3(1): 12- 26.
  • Sati, V. P. (2017). An Assessment of Forest Cover Changes in the Indian Himalayan Region. ENVIS Bulletin Himalayan Ecology, 25: 66-74
  • Sati, V.P. (2006). Forest Resource Management in Mountain Regions: A Case for the Pindar Basin of Uttarakhand Himalaya, Lyonia: A Journal of Ecology and Application, 11 (1) : 75-84.
  • Saxena, K.G., Rao, K.S., Sen, K.K., Maikhuri, R.K., Semwal, R.L., (2001). Conservation Ecology, 5: 14, online http//www. consecol.org./vol15/iss2/art14.
  • Singh, J.S., (2004). Sustainable Development of Indian Himalayan Region: Linking Ecological and Economic Concerns. G.B. Pant Memorial Lecture–X, GBPNIHESD, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora.
  • Singh, K., Singh, H.S., (2009). Forage resource development in Uttarakhand Experiences and observations, 1-35.
  • Singh, R.L., (1971). India: A Regional Geography (Ed), National Geographical Society of India. Varanasi, UP, India. 1(2): 11-23.
  • Singh, S.P., Tewari, A., Jina, B.S., (2004). Climate Change Challenge (3C) and social-economic-ecological, International Journal of Ecological Environmental Science, 31: 45-48.
  • UEPPCB, (2004). State of Environment Report for Uttaranchal, Uttaranchal Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Board, Government of Uttaranchal, Dehradun.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Ecology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Vishwambhar Prasad Sati 0000-0001-6423-3119

Publication Date October 24, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sati, V. P. (2020). VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 4(2), 229-244. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.711142
AMA Sati VP. VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS. Turk J For Sci. October 2020;4(2):229-244. doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.711142
Chicago Sati, Vishwambhar Prasad. “VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 4, no. 2 (October 2020): 229-44. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.711142.
EndNote Sati VP (October 1, 2020) VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 4 2 229–244.
IEEE V. P. Sati, “VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS”, Turk J For Sci, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 229–244, 2020, doi: 10.32328/turkjforsci.711142.
ISNAD Sati, Vishwambhar Prasad. “VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 4/2 (October 2020), 229-244. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.711142.
JAMA Sati VP. VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS. Turk J For Sci. 2020;4:229–244.
MLA Sati, Vishwambhar Prasad. “VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, vol. 4, no. 2, 2020, pp. 229-44, doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.711142.
Vancouver Sati VP. VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS. Turk J For Sci. 2020;4(2):229-44.