THE EFFECT OF FOOT BATH ON POSTOPERATIVE SLEEP QUALITY IN MALE PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION: QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Year 2026, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 68 - 78, 13.03.2026

Zeynep Kızılcık Özkan , Figen Dığın , Meltem Altınaz

https://izlik.org/JA39GJ66MT

Abstract

Objective: Surgical procedures, postoperative care and treatment practices may adversely affect sleep quality in the patients. The study aimed to determine the effect of postoperative foot bath on sleep quality in patients undergoing transurethral resection.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a non-randomized and quasi-experimental design. The intervention group included patients who received foot baths (n = 34), and the control group included patients who received standard care (n = 37). The study was conducted in the urology department of a university hospital.
Results: It was statistically significant that RCSQ scores were higher in the intervention group patients than in the control group patients. Among the patients who received foot bath, 91.2% reported that they were satisfied or very satisfied with the intervention.
Conclusion: The sleep quality of patients who received foot bath was higher than those who received standard care.

Keywords

Nursing , Sleep quality , Urogenital surgery

References

• 1. Gökçe M, Bedük Y. Transurethral resection of bladder cancer (TUR-B) for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: how to reach excellence? Bull Urooncol. 2014;13(2):88-92. https://doi.org/10.4274/UOB.06
• 2. Leslie SW, Chargui S, Stormont G. (2023). Transurethral resection of the prostate. [Updated 2023 Sep 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560884/
• 3. Bliwise DL, Wagg A, Sand PK. Nocturia: A highly prevalent disorder with multifaceted consequences. Urology. 2019;133:3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2019.07.005
• 4. Silva MMD, Tsuboi ADP, Barros TSDA, et al. A qualitative approach on long-term indwelling catheter use in an outpatient setting. Cien Saude Colet. 2024;29, e05602024.
• 5. Atay S, Sayılan A. Pre-transurethral prostate resection anxiety on postoperative pain and sleep quality: a correlational study. Int J Urological Nursing. 2021;15(2):70–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijun.12257.
• 6. Ak ES, Ongün P, Şenel Ç, Kizilçay YÇ. The effect of postoperative pain level on sleep quality in patients who undergo major urological surgery. Journal of Vocational School of Health Service. 2022;10(3):992-1003. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1063402
• 7. Rampes S, Ma K, Divecha YA, Alam A, Ma D. Postoperative sleep disorders and their potential impacts on surgical outcomes. J Biomed Res. 2019;34(4):271-280. https://doi.org/10.7555/JBR.33.20190054 8. Luo M, Song B, Zhu J. Sleep disturbances after general anesthesia: current perspectives. Front Neurol. 2020;11:629. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00629
• 9. Uslu Y, Akbayrak H, Ortahisar BK, Barak TH. The effect of lavender foot baths on postoperative pain and sleep quality in comparison with foot baths with warm water only—a prospective randomized controlled study. Explore. 2024;20(3):385-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2023.10.003
• 10. Ünver S, Çolakoğlu Ü, Akıncı AT. Effects of footbath on postoperative pain and sleep quality in patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease: a randomized controlled study. J Neurosurg Nurs. 2023;55(4):125-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNN.0000000000000709.
• 11. Kuderer S, Vagedes K, Szöke H, et al. Do ginger footbaths improve symptoms of insomnia more than footbaths with warm water only?–A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Med. 2022;67:102834.
• 12. Karthi RAM. Study to assess the effectiveness of hot water foot bath therapy on quality of sleep among elderly staying in selected old age home at villupuram district Tamilnadu. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research. 2019;4(4):83-88.
• 13. Aghamohammadi V, Salmani R, Ivanbagha R, Effati daryani F, Nasiri K. Footbath as a safe, simple, and non‐pharmacological method to improve sleep quality of menopausal women. Res Nurs Health. 2020;43(6):621-628. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.22082.
• 14. Zhao J, Wang F, Ou D, et al. Thermoregulatory analysis of warm footbaths before bedtime: implications for enhancing sleep quality. Build Environ. 2023;227:109788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109788.
• 15. Romanovsky AA. Skin temperature: its role in thermoregulation. Acta Physiol. 2014;210(3):498-507. https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.12231.
• 16. Taylor NA, Machado-Moreira CA, van den Heuvel AM, Caldwell JN. Hands and feet: physiological insulators, radiators and evaporators. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014;114:2037-2060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2940-8.
• 17. Cheung SS. Responses of the hands and feet to cold exposure. Temperature (Austin). 2015;2(1):105-120. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2015.1008890.
• 18. Haghayegh S, Khoshnevis S, Smolensky MH, Diller KR, Castriotta RJ. Before-bedtime passive body heating by warm shower or bath to improve sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2019;46:124-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.04.008.
• 19. Ayik C, Özden D. The effects of preoperative aromatherapy massage on anxiety and sleep quality of colorectal surgery patients: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Med. 2018;36:93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.12.002.
• 20. Richards K. Techniques for measurement of sleep in critical care. Focus Crit Care. 1987;14(4):34-40.
• 21. Özlü ZK, Özer N. Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire validity and reliability study. J Turk Sleep Med. 2015;2:29-32.
• 22. Ko Y, Lee J. Effects of feet warming using bed socks on sleep quality and thermoregulatory responses in a cool environment. J Physiol Anthropol. 2018;3(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-018-0172-z.
• 23. Rahmani A, Naseri M, Salaree MM, Nehrir B. Comparing the effect of foot reflexology massage, foot bath and their combination on quality of sleep in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Caring Sci. 2016;5(4):299-306. https://doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2016.031.
• 24. Armat MR, Mortazavi H, Akbari H, Ebrahimzadeh Z. The effect of footbath on the quality of sleep in older adults: A pilot study. Geriatr Nurs. 2021;42(5):1178-1183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.07.008.
• 25. Burger P, Van den Ende ES, Lukman W, et al. Sleep in hospitalized pediatric and adult patients–A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med X. 2022;4:100059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleepx.2022.100059.
• 26. Kocasli S, Karaveli EÖ, Bal E. The effect of postoperative pain on sleep quality in patients with brain tumor surgery. Nursing Health Sciences Journal. 2023;3(3):227-237. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhsj.v3i3.262.
• 27. Jang EB, Hong SH, Kim KS, et al. Catheter-related bladder discomfort: how can we manage it?. Int Neurourol J. 2020;24(4):324. https://doi.org/10.5213/inj.2040108.054.
• 28. Pu X, Ma J, Wangyuan Y, et al. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine foot bath on postoperative gastrointestinal function in patients with digestive system tumor. Chin J Pract Nurs.2021; 36:1057-1062.
• 29. Thakuria I, D'Souza S, D'Almeida V. Effect of warm water footbath on chemotherapy-induced fatigue among patients with cancer in a selected hospital at Mangaluru. Indian Journal of Continuing Nursing Education. 2022;23(2):153-8.