Mücadele Sporcularında Koruyucu Sporcu Dişliği Kullanımının Aşamalı Artan Egzersiz Sırasında Solunum Cevapları ve Oksijen Tüketimine Etkisi

Year 2023, , 93 - 101, 31.12.2023

Ümid Karlı , Hakan Yarar , Hanifi Üzüm

https://doi.org/10.32706/tusbid.1394130

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, mücadele sporcularında koruyucu sporcu dişliği kullanımının aşamalı artan egzersiz sırasında solunum cevapları ve oksijen tüketimine etkisini araştırmaktır. Sporcu dişliği kullanmaya alışkın on bir üst düzey erkek mücadele sporcusuna, koşu bandında rastgele çapraz deney deseni doğrultusunda koruyucu dişlikli ve dişliksiz olarak iki defa egzersiz testi uygulanmıştır. Oksijen tüketimi, dakika ventilasyonu ve solunum frekansı test sırasında dört submaksimal şiddet noktasında (3., 6., 9. ve 12. dakikalarda) kaydedilmiş ve ayrıca her değişkenin maksimum değerleri belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizi için tekrarlı ölçümlerle iki yönlü varyans analizi (deneme x zaman) ve eşleştirilmiş örneklemlerde t-testi kullanılmıştır.
Tekrarlı ölçümlerde iki yönlü varyans analizine göre oksijen tüketimi (p<0.01) ve dakika ventilasyonu (p<0.01) ve solunum frekansı (p<0.01) değişkenlerinde zaman için anlamlı ana etki bulunmuştur. Ancak, submaksimal yoğunluklarda denemeler ve deneme-zaman etkileşimleri için anlamlı bir ana etki tespit edilmemiştir. Dişlik kullanılarak yapılan test sırasında belirlenen maksimum soluk frekansı değerlerinde anlamlı düşüş (p<0.05) tespit edilmiştir. Maksimum soluk frekansı dışında, diğer değişkenler açısından sporcu dişliği kullanılan ve kullanılmayan denemeler arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, sporcu dişliği kullanmaya alışkın olan erkek üst düzey mücadele sporcularının sportif performans sırasında dişlik kullanmasının solunum fonksiyonları ve oksijen tüketimine olumsuz bir etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür.

Keywords

Koruyucu Dişlik, Mücadele Sporları, Maksimum Oksijen Tüketimi, Dakika Ventilasyon, Soluk frekansı

Impact of Using Mouth Guard on The Ventilatory Responses and Oxygen Consamption to Incremental Exercise in Combat Athletes

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of using mouth guard on the ventilatory responses to acute incremental exhaustive exercise in combat sport athletes. Eleven experienced male senior combat sport athletes accustomed to use mouth guard underwent two exercise tests on a treadmill in a randomized crossover manner with and without mouth guard. The ventilatory responses were assessed during an incremental exercise test (Bruce protocol) on treadmill. Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE) and breath frequency (BF) were assessed at four submaximal intensity points (at 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th minute) during the test. Also VO2max and peak values of VCO2, VE and BF were recorded in each measurement. Two ways ANOVA with repeated measures (trial x time) and Paired samples t-test was used for statistical analyses.
Two ways ANOVA with repeated measures showed significant main effect for time regarding to VO2 [F(3-20)=660.898, p<0.01], VCO2 [F(3-20)=768.820, p<0.01], VE [F(3-20)=612.436, p<0.01] and BF [F(3-20)=100.576, p<0.01]. However, no significant main effect was found for trials and trial by time interactions during submaximal intensities. Except BFpeak values, no significant difference was found between the values with and without using mouth guard regarding to VO2max, VCO2peak, VEpeak. BFpeak values determined during the test performed with using mouth guard were significantly (p<0.05) low compared to the values without mouth guard. Mainly the ventilatory responses did not differ by to the use of mouth guard during incremental exercise, except BFpeak. As a conclusion, mouth guard usage had no adverse effect on the ventilatory functions during athletic performance of male senior combat sport athletes accustomed to use mouth guard.

Keywords

Mouth Guard, Combat Sports, Maximum Oxygen Consumption, Minute Ventilation, Breath Frequency

References

• American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. (2006). Policy on Prevention of Sports-Related Orofacial Injuries.
• American Dental Association, Bureau of Dental Health Education. (1962). Mouth protectors for football players: the dentist’s role. JADA 64(3): 419-421.
• Bourdin M, Brunet Patru I, Hager PE, Allard Y, Hager JP, Lacour JR, (2006). Influence of maxillary mouth guards on physiological parameters. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 38:1500-1504. DOI: I 0.1249ft)l.mss.0000228952.44850.eb
• Bulsara, Y.R., ve Matthew I.R. (1998). Forces transmitted through a laminated mouth guard material with a sorbothane insert. Endod Dent Traumatol 14: 45-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.16009657.1998.tb00807.x
• Chapman PJ, Nasser BP, (1993). Attitudes to mouth guards and prevalence of orofacial injuries in four teams competing at the second Rugby World Cup. British Journal of Sports Medicine.27:197-199. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.27.3.197
• Daneshvar, D.H., Baugh, C.M., Nowinski, C.J., McKee, A.C., Stern, R.A., ve Cantu, R.C. (2011). Helmets and mouth guards: the role of personal equipment in preventing sports-related concussions. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 30:145-163. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2010.09.006
• Francis, K.T., ve Brasher, J. (1991). Physiological effects of wearing mouth guards. BrJ Sports Med, 25: 227-231. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.25.4.227
• Gardiner, D.M. ve Ranalli, D.N. (2000). Attitudinal factors influencing mouth guard utilization. Dent Clin North Am, 44:53–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-8532(22)01724-4
• Gebauer, P., Williamson, R.A., Wallman, K.E., ve Dawson, B.T. (2011). The effect of mouth guard design on respiratory function in athletes. Clin J Sport Med, 21(2):95–100. DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e31820428b0
• Green, M.S., Benson, A.K., ve Martin, T.D. (2018). Effect of mouthguard use on metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to aerobic exercise in males. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 89(2), 183-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2018.1451816
• Heyward, V.H. (1998). Advanced Fitness Assessment & Exercise Prescription. 3th edition, Human Kinetics: Champaign, IL, USA.
• Kay, E.J., Kakarla, P., Macleod, D.A., ve McGlashan, T.P.L. (1990). Orofacial and dental injuries in club rugby union players. BrJ Sports Med, 24:271–3. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.24.4.271
• Keçeci, A.D., Çetin, C., Eroğlu, E., ve Baydar, M.L. (2005). Do custom-made mouth guards have negative effects on aerobic performance capacity of athletes? Dent Traumatol, 21: 276–280. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.16009657.2005.00354.x
• Kerr, I.L. (1986). Mouth guards for the prevention of ınjuries in contact sports. Sports Med, 3(6):415-27. https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-198603060-00003
• Klossner, D. (2011). 2011-12 NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook. 22th editions, The Natıonal Collegiate Athletic Association: Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
• Marsh, C.E., ve Manders, J. (2014). The effect of mouthguard use on ventilatory response to submaximal exercise. Poster presented at British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES) Conference 2013, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.896604
• Noh, J.W., Kim, J.H., ve Kim, J. (2013). Somatotype analysis of Korean wrestling athletes compared with non-athletes for sports health sciences. Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 5, 163-168. DOI 10.1007/s13530-013-0170-9
• Noh, J.W., Park, B.S., Kim, M.Y., Lee, L.K., Yang, S.M., Lee, W.D., ve Kim, J. (2015). Analysis of combat sports players’ injuries according to playing style for sports physiotherapy research. Journal of physical therapy science, 27(8), 2425-2430. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.2425
• Schulze, A., Kwast, S., ve Busse, M. (2019). Influence of mouthguards on physiological responses in rugby. Sports medicine international open, 3(01), E25-E31. DOI: 10.1055/a-0891-7021
• Seals RR, Morrow RM, Kuebker WA, Farney WD, (1985). An evaluation of mouth guard programs in Texas high school football. Journal of American Dental Association. 110(6): 904-909. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1985.0005
• Takeda, T., Ishigami, K., Ogawa, T., Nakajima, K., Shibusawa, M., Shimada, A., ve Regner, C.W. (2004). Are all mouth guards the same and safe to use? The influence of occlusal supporting mouth guards in decreasing bone distortion and fractures. DentalTraumatology.20: 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-4469.2004.00247.x
• Von Arx, T., Flury, R., Tschan, J., Buergin, W., ve Geiser, T. (2008). Exercise capacity in athletes with mouth guards. Int J Sports Med, 29: 435–438. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965341