Eskrimde Alt Ekstremite Lunge Biyomekaniği

Year 2021, , 10 - 17, 30.06.2021

Sevilay Seda Baş , Yasemin Ateş , Bahar Kulunkoglu

https://doi.org/10.32706/tusbid.892776

Abstract

Kendini savunma ve bir saldırı sporu olarak tanımlanan eskrimde, lunge hareketi en sık kullanılan atak türüdür. Lunge hareketi, arka tarafta kalan alt ekstremitenin patlayıcı gücü ile ön taraftaki alt ekstremitenin ileri hareketi ile gerçekleştirilir. Eskrimde sporcunun yaşı ve dominant tarafı, biyomekanik, teknik, algısal ve psikomotor özellikler gibi pek çok faktörün performansı etkilediği bilinmektedir. Lunge hareketinde ise sporcunun başlangıç pozisyonu, ayak pozisyonu, alt ekstremite kas gücü, hareket esnasında gravite merkezinin yer değişimi gibi faktörler lunge hızı ve uzunluğunu değiştirerek spor performansı üzerine etki etmektedir. Eskrimde atağın doğru bir teknik ile gerçekleştirilmesi etkili patlayıcı güç, gravite merkezinin hızlanma mesafesi ve horizontal pik hızda iyileşme sağlamaktadır. Eskrimde performansı etkileyen biyomekanik faktörlerin incelenmesi, alt ekstremite yaralanmalarına neden olan faktörlerin anlaşılması, azaltılması ve uygun rehabilitasyon programlarının geliştirilmesi için son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, eskrim sporcularının lunge hareketi esnasındaki alt ekstremite biyomekaniğinde meydana gelen değişimler ile ilgili ayrıntılı bir tarama yaparak elde edilen bilgileri derlemek ve literatüre katkı sağlamaktır.

Keywords

Eskrim, Biyomekanik, Lunge, Alt Ekstremite

Lower Extremity Lunge Biomechanics in Fencing

Abstract

In fencing, which is defined as self-defense and an offensive sport, lunge movement is the most commonly used attack type. Lunge movement is carried out by the explosive power of the rear limb and the forward movement of the front limb. It is known that many factors such as the age and dominant side of the athlete, biomechanics, technical, perceptual and psychomotor characteristics in fencing affect the performance. In the lunge movement, factors such as the athlete's starting position, foot position, lower extremity muscle strength, and the displacement of the gravity center during the movement affect the sports performance by changing the lunge speed and length. The attack with the right technique causes the formation of effective explosive power, the increase in the acceleration distance of the gravity center and an increase in the horizontal peak velocity. Examination of biomechanical factors affecting performance in fencing is extremely important to understand and reduce the factors that cause lower extremity injuries and to develop appropriate rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this study is to review the information we have obtained by conducting a detailed review on the changes in lower extremity biomechanics of fencing athletes during lunge movement and to contribute to the literature. The purpose of this review study is to compile the information we have obtained by conducting a detailed review on the changes in lower extremity biomechanics of fencing athletes during lunges, and to contribute to the literature.
Keywords: Fencing, Biomechanics, Lunge, Lower Extremity

Keywords

Fencing, Biomechanics, Lunge, Lower Extremity

References

• Balkó, Š., Borysiuk, Z., & Šimonek, J. (2016). The influence of different performance level of fencers on simple and choice reaction time. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 18(4), 391-400. doi: 10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n4p391
• Barth, B., & Beck, E. (2007). The complete guide to fencing: Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
• Bober, T., Rutkowska-Kucharska, A., Jaroszczuk, S., Barabasz, M., & Woźnica, W. (2016). Original research papers. Kinematic characterisation of the lunge and the fleche in epee fencing: two case studies. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 23(4), 181-185.
• Borysiuk, Z., Markowska, N., Konieczny, M., Kręcisz, K., Błaszczyszyn, M., Nikolaidis, P. T., Knechtle, B., Pakosz, P. (2019). Flèche versus lunge as the optimal footwork technique in fencing. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(13), 2315. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16132315
• Bottoms, L., Greenhalgh, A., & Sinclair, J. (2013). Kinematic determinants of weapon velocity during the fencing lunge in experienced épée fencers. Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics, 15(4), 109-113. doi: 10.5277/abb130414
• Chen, T. L.-W., Wong, D. W.-C., Wang, Y., Ren, S., Yan, F., & Zhang, M. (2017). Biomechanics of fencing sport: A scoping review. PloS one, 12(2), e0171578. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171578
• Chuanjie, Z., & Zhengwei, F. (2017). Biomechanical analysis of knee joint mechanism of the national women's epee fencing lunge movement. Biomedical research, 0, 104–110.
• Folman, Y., Wosk, J., Voloshin, A., & Liberty, S. (1986). Cyclic impacts on heel strike: a possible biomechanical factor in the etiology of degenerative disease of the human locomotor system. Archives of orthopaedic and traumatic surgery, 104(6), 363-365.
• Geil, M. D. (2002). The role of footwear on kinematics and plantar foot pressure in fencing. Journal of applied biomechanics, 18(2), 155-162.
• Gholipour, M., Tabrizi, A., & Farah, M. F. (2008). Kinematic Analysis of Fencing Lunge Using Stereophotogrametry. World journal of sport sciences, 1 (1), 32-37.
• Gresham-Fiegel, C. N., House, P. D., & Zupan, M. F. (2013). The effect of nonleading foot placement on power and velocity in the fencing lunge. The journal of strength & conditioning research, 27(1), 57-63. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824e0e9d
• Guan, Y., Guo, L., Wu, N., Zhang, L., & Warburton, D. E. (2018). Biomechanical insights into the determinants of speed in the fencing lunge. European journal of sport science, 18(2), 201-208. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1414886
• Guan, Y., Guo, L., Wu, N., Zheng, J., & Liu, H. (2015). Biomechanical analysis on knee joints during fencing lunge in athletes of different levels. China sport science and technology, 4, 58-62.
• Gutierrez-Davila, M., Rojas, F. J., Antonio, R., & Navarro, E. (2013). Response timing in the lunge and target change in elite versus medium-level fencers. European journal of sport science, 13(4), 364-371. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2011.635704
• Gutiérrez-Dávila, M., Zingsem, C., Gutiérrez-Cruz, C., Giles, F. J., & Rojas, F. J. (2014). Effect of uncertainty during the lunge in fencing. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(1), 66.
• Harmer, P. A. (2008). Incidence and characteristics of time-loss injuries in competitive fencing: a prospective, 5-year study of national competitions. Clinical journal of sport medicine, 18(2), 137-142. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e318161548d
• Harmer, P. A. (2019). Epidemiology of time-loss injuries in international fencing: a prospective, 5-year analysis of Fédération Internationale d’Escrime competitions. British journal of sports medicine, 53(7), 442-448. doi: 0.1136/bjsports-2018-100002
• Kalkan, N., & Zekioğlu, A. (2017). Eskrim Antrenörlerine Göre Eskrim Sporcularinin Performansını Etkileyen Psikolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi Nitel Çalışma. Ulusal spor bilimleri dergisi, 1(1), 29-42.
• Lorca, Á. S., Cid, F. M., Badilla, P. V., Franchini, E., & Valenzuela, T. H. (2020). Association between knee, ankle, and hip joint angles and contact time during the lunge and recoil phases among sabreurs. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación(38), 523-527.
• Malawski, F. (2020). Depth versus Inertial Sensors in Real-time Sports Analysis: a Case Study on Fencing. IEEE sensors journal, 21(4), 5133-5142. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2020.3036436
• Moore, K. C., Chow, F. M., & Chow, J. Y. (2015). Novel lunge biomechanics in modern Sabre fencing. Procedia engineering, 112, 473-478. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.07.227
• Morris, N., Farnsworth, M., & Robertson, D. (2011). Kinetic analyses of two fencing attacks–lunge and fleche. Paper presented at the ISBS-conference proceedings archive.
• Murgu, A.-I., & Buschbacher, R. (2006). Fencing. Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America, 17(3), 725-736, viii.
• Pontonnier, C., Livet, C., Muller, A., Sorel, A., Dumont, G., & Bideau, N. (2019). Ground reaction forces and moments prediction of challenging motions: fencing lunges. Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering, 22(sup1), S523-S525.doi:10.1080/10255842.2020.1715005
• Riddle J. (2007). Kinesiology of Fencing and Kendo. The Iaido journal.
• Roi, G. S., & Bianchedi, D. (2008). The science of fencing. Sports medicine, 38(6), 465-481. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200838060-00003
• Simonian, C., & Fox, E. (1974). Application of biomechanics to the fencing lunge. In Biomechanics IV (pp. 307-309): Springer.
• Sinclair, J., & Bottoms, L. (2013). Gender differences in the kinetics and lower extremity kinematics of the fencing lunge. International journal of performance analysis in sport, 13(2), 440-451. doi: 10.1080/24748668.2013.11868660
• Sinclair, J., & Bottoms, L. (2015). Gender differences in patellofemoral load during the epee fencing lunge. Research in sports medicine, 23(1), 51-58. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2014.975813
• Sinclair, J., & Bottoms, L. (2019). Gender specific ACL loading patterns during the fencing lunge: Implications for ACL injury risk. Science & sports, 34(1), e31-e35.doi: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.05.005
• Sinclair, J., Bottoms, L., Taylor, K., & Greenhalgh, A. (2010). Tibial shock measured during the fencing lunge: the influence of footwear. Sports biomechanics, 9(2), 65-71. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2010.491161
• Stewart, S., & Kopetka, B. (2005). The kinematic determinants of speed in the fencing lunge. Journal of sports sciences, 23(2), 105.
• Trautmann, C., Martinelli, N., & Rosenbaum, D. (2011). Foot loading characteristics during three fencing-specific movements. Journal of sports sciences, 29(15), 1585-1592. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2011.605458
• Turner, A., Bishop, C., Chavda, S., Edwards, M., Brazier, J., & Kilduff, L. P. (2016). Physical characteristics underpinning lunging and change of direction speed in fencing. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 30(8), 2235-2241. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001320
• Turner, A., James, N., Dimitriou, L., Greenhalgh, A., Moody, J., Fulcher, D., Mias, E., Kilduff, L. (2014). Determinants of olympic fencing performance and implications for strength and conditioning training. The journal of strength & conditioning research, 28(10), 3001-3011. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000478
• Turner, A., Miller, S., Stewart, P., Cree, J., Ingram, R., Dimitriou, L., Moody, J., Kilduff, L. (2013). Strength and conditioning for fencing. Strength & conditioning journal, 35(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1519/SSC.0b013e31826e7283
• Vasconcelos, G., Cini, A., Minozzo, F., Grazioli, R., & Lima, C. (2018). Comparison of neuromuscular and proprioceptive variables between legs during lunge in fencers. Sport sciences for health. 14(2), 393-397. doi: 10.1007/s11332-018-0452-3
• Whittle, M. W. (1999). Generation and attenuation of transient impulsive forces beneath the foot: a review. Gait & posture, 10(3), 264-275. doi: 10.1016/S0966-6362(99)00041-7
• Williams, L., & Walmsley, A. (2000). Response amendment in fencing: differences between elite and novice subjects. Perceptual and motor skills, 91(1), 131-142.
• Witkowski, M., Tomczak, M., Karpowicz, K., Solnik, S., & Przybyla, A. (2019). Effects of fencing training on motor performance and asymmetry vary with handedness. Journal of motor behavior. 52 (1), 50-57, doi: 10.1080/00222895.2019.1579167