Kafein ve Obezite

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 10 - 20, 14.07.2019

Derya Selda Sınar , Nasuh Evrim Acar , İrfan Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.32706/tusbid.542906

Cited By: 2

Abstract

      Obezite ve fazla kilo alma durumu her geçen gün daha
fazla insanı etkilemekte ve toplumu tehdit eden bir sağlık sorunu haline
gelmektedir. Kilo vermek isteyen insanların doğal ve bitkisel ürünlere olan
ilgisi gün geçtikçe artmakta çeşitli etki mekanizmalarıyla kilo kaybına yol
açtığı düşünülen kafein de bu ürünler içerisinde yerini almaktadır. Bu çalışma
da çeşitli arama motorlarında (scholar, pubmed, web of science ve ovid) kafein
ve obezite üzerine yapılan çalışmalar incelenerek geleneksel derleme yöntemi
ile kafeinin obezite üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Son zamanlarda yapılan
araştırmalarda, yüksek kahve alımının, tip 2 diyabet, kardiyovasküler hastalık,
bazı kanser türleri, parkinson hastalığı ve mortalite riskinin azalması ile
ilişkili olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Obezitenin,  belirtilen tüm bu sağlık risklerinin altında
yatan başlıca nedenlerden biri olduğu göz önüne alındığında, kafein alımının obezite
riskinin azalmasıyla ilişkili olabileceği düşünülebilir. İncelenen çalışmalar
neticesinde ılımlı bir kahve tüketiminin sağlıklı bir beslenme ve diyet
programında kilo kontrolü amacıyla kullanılabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

Obezite, Kafein, Kahve

Caffeine and Obesity

Abstract

       Obesity
and overweight have been affecting more and more people and becoming a health
problem that threatens society. The interest of people who want to lose weight
in natural and herbal products is increasing day by day with various mechanisms
of action that are thought to lead to weight loss caffeine is also included in
these products. In this study, studies on caffeine and obesity in various
search engines (scholar, PubMed, the web of science and Ovid) were examined and
the effect of caffeine on obesity by traditional compilation method was
investigated. Recent studies have concluded that high coffee intake may be
associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, certain types of
cancer, Parkinson's disease, and reduced risk of mortality. Obesity;
Considering that this is one of the main reasons underlying all of these health
risks, caffeine intake may be related to decrease in risk of obesity.  As a result of the
studies examined, it is evaluated that moderate coffee consumption can be used
for weight control in a healthy diet and diet program.

Keywords

Obesity, Caffeine, Coffee

References

• Acheson KJ, Zahorska-Markiewics B, Pittet P, Anantharaman K, and Jequier E. (1980). Caffeine And Coffee: Their Influence On Metabolic Rate And Substrate Oxidation In Normal Weight And Obese Individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 33: 989–997.
• Astrup A, Breum L, Toubro S, Hein P, and Quaade F., (1992). The Effect And Safety Of An Ephedrine/Caffeine Compound Compared To Ephedrine, Caffeine And Placebo In Obese Subjects On An Energy-Restricted Diet. A Double Blind Trial. Int J Obes 16: 269–277.
• Astrup A, Toubro S, Cannon S, Hein P, Breum L, and Madsen J., (1990). Caffeine: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Of Its Thermogenic, Metabolic, And Cardiovascular Effects In Healthy Volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 51: 759–767.
• Auvichayapat P, Prapochanung M, Tunkamnerdthai O et al. Effectiveness of green tea on weight reduction in obese Thais: a randomised, controlled trial. Physiol Behav 2008;93:486–91.
• Balk L, Hoekstra T, Twisk J, (2009). Relationship Between Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Components of The Metabolic Syndrome: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 24, 203–209.
• Baysal A. (1992). Çayın beslenme ve saéllölrnzda önemi. Standard 31 :46.
• Boozer CN, Daly PA, Homel P, Solomon JL, Blanchard D, Nasser JA, Strauss R, and Meredith T. (2002). Herbal Ephedra/Caffeine For Weight Loss: A 6-Month Randomized Safety And Efficacy Trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 26: 593–604.
• Boozer CN, Nasser JA, Heymsfield SB, Wang V, Chen G, and Solomon JL., (2001). An Herbal Supplement Containing Ma Huang-Guarana For Weight Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25: 316–324.
• Bracco D, Ferrarra JM, Arnaud MJ, Jequier E, and Schutz Y., (1995). Effects Of Caffeine On Energy Metabolism, Heart Rate, And Methylxanthine Metabolism In Lean And Obese Women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 269: E671–E678.
• Bulucu Altunkaynak, ZB, Özbek E. (2007). Obezite: nedenleri ve tedavi seçenekleri. Dicle Tıp Dergisi; 34(2):144-9.
• Butt MS, Sultan MT. (2011). Coffee and its consumption: benefits and risks. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr;51(4):363-73.
• Caffeine. Pharmacology and Interactions. Available at: http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/ serve?objId=PA448710&objCls=Drug#tabview=tab1.
• CARE Study Group (2008). Maternal Caffeine İntake During Pregnancy And Risk Of Fetal Growth Restriction: A Large Prospective Observational Study. BMJ 337:a2332.
• Chen L-W., Wu Y., Neelakantan N., Chong M., Pan A., van Dam R.M., (2014). Maternal Caffeine İntake During Pregnancy İs Associated With Risk Of Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review And Dose–Response Meta-Analysis. BMC Med.12:174.
• Chen L-W, Aris I, Bernard J, Tint M-T, Chia A, Colega M, Gluckman P, Shek L, Saw S-M, Chong Y-S. ve ark. (2016). Associations of Maternal Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy With Offspring Adiposity From Birth Until 54 Months Of Age. Nutrients. 9:2.
• Chen, L.W., Murrin C. M., Mehegan, J., Kelleher, C.C., Phillips, C. M., (2019). Maternal, But Not Paternal or Grandparental, Caffeine İntake is Associated With Childhood Obesity and Adiposity: The Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study Am J Clin Nutr.109:1648–1655.
• Chen MD, Lin WH, Song YM, Lin PY, ve Ho LT. (1994). Effect Of Caffeine On The Levels Of Brain Serotonin And Catecholamine In The Genetically Obese Mice. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 53: 257–261.
• Cheung WT, Lee CM, Ng TB. (1988). Potentiation of the antioipolytic effect of 2-chloroadenosine after chronic caffeine treatment. Pharmacology; 36:331–9.
• Corti, R., Binggeli, C., Sudano, I., Spieker, L., Hanseler, E., Ruschitzka, R., ve ark., (2002). Coffee Acutely İncreases Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure İndependently of Caffeine Content: Role of Habitual Versus Nonhabitual Drinking. Circulation,106: 2935–2940.
• Costill DL, Dalsky GP, Fink WJ. (1978). Effects of caffeine ingestion on metabolism and exercise performance. Med Sci Sports; 10:155–8.
• Curatolo PW and Robertson D. (1983). The Health Consequences Of Caffeine. Ann Intern Med 98: 641–653,
• Diepvens K., et al. Am J (2007). Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol; 292:77-85.
• Diepvens K., Westerterp K. R., ve Westerterp-Plantenga M. S., (2007). Obesity And Thermogenesis Related To The Consumption Of Caffeine, Ephedrine, Capsaicin, And Green Tea, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292: 77–85.
• Dulloo AG and Miller DS., (1986). The Thermogenic Properties Of Ephedrine/ Methylxanthine Mixtures: Animal Studies. Am J Clin Nutr 43: 388–394.
• Dulloo AG, Geissler CA, Horton T, Collins A, ve Miller DS., (1989). Normal Caffeine Consumption: Influence On Thermogenesis And Daily Energy Expenditure In Lean And Postobese Human Volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 49:44–50.
• Fisunoğlu M, Besler HT. (2008). Çay ve Sağlık İlişkisi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Beslenme ve Fiziksel Aktiviteler Daire Başkanlığı, Klasmat Matbaacılık: Ankara.
• Goldstein ER, Ziegenfuss T, Kalman D, Kreider R, Campbell B, Wilborn C, ve ark.,. (2010). International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr;7:5.
• Greenwood DC, Thatcher NJ, Ye J, Garrard L, Keogh G, King LG, Cade JE, (2014). Caffeine İntake During Pregnancy And Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review And Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 29:725–34.
• Groff JL, Gropper SS, Hunt SM (1995). Nutrition ve the central nervous system. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. 2nd. Edition, West Pub. Co., New York, 501.
• Grosso G, Godos J, Galvano F, Giovannucci EL. (2017). Coffee, Caffeine, And Health Outcomes: an Umbrella Review. Annu Rev Nutr. 37:131–56.
• Grosso G, Marventano S, Galvano F, Pajak A, Mistretta A, (2014). Factors Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in A Mediterranean Population: Role of Caffeinated Beverages. J. Epidemiol, 24, 327–333.
• Grove KA, Lambert JD. (2010). Laboratory, epidemiological, and human intervention studies show that tea (camellia sinensis) may be useful in the prevention of obesity. The Journal of Nutrition; 140:446-53.
• Haller CA and Benowitz NL. (2000). Adverse Cardiovascular And Central Nervous System Events Associated With Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedra Alkaloids. N Engl J Med 343: 1833–1838,
• Haller CA, Jacob P, ve Benowitz NL. (2005). Short-Term Metabolic And Hemodynamic Effects Of Ephedra And Guarana Combinations. Clin Pharmacol Ther 77: 560–571.
• Harpaz E, Tamir S, Weinstein A, Weinstein Y. (2017). The effect of caffeine on energy balance. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol; 28:1-10.
• Han LK, Takaku T, Li J, Kimura Y, Okuda H. (1999). Anti-obesity action of oolong tea. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord; 23:98–105.
• Heckman MA, Weil J, Gonzalez de Mejia E. (2010). Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) in foods: a comprehensive review on consumption, functionality, safety, and regulatory matters. J Food Sci; 75:77-87.
• Hino, A, Adachi H, Enomoto M, Furuki K, Shigetoh, Y, Ohtsuka, M, Kumaga, S, Hirai Y, Jalaldin A, Satoh A. ve ark. (2007). Habitual Coffee But Not Green Tea Consumption is İnversely Associated With Metabolic Syndrome: An Epidemiological Study in A General Japanese Population. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 76, 383–389.
• Hofbauer KG ve ark., (2004). Pharmacotherapy of obesity:options and alternatives. CRC Press, London,UK.
• Hollands MA, Arch JRS, Phil D, and Cawthorne MA. (1981). A Simple Apparatus For Comparative Measurements Of Energy Expenditure In Human Subjects: The Thermic Effect Of Caffeine. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 2291–2294.
• Hong X, Xu Q, Lan K, Huang H, Zhang Y, Chen S. ve ark, (2018). The Effect of Daily Fluid Management And Beverages Consumption on The Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Study. Nutr Cancer. 1:1–11.
• Horton TJ ve Geissler CA., (1996). Post-Prandial Thermogenesis With Ephedrine, Caffeine And Aspirin In Lean, Pre-Disposed Obese And Obese Women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 20: 91–97.
• Hudson T. (2007). Green Tea and Women’s Health. Alternative & Complementary Therapies; 13(5):269-72.
• In-Iw S, Biro FM. (2011). Adolescent women and obesity. Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol; 24:58-61.
• Izadi V, Larijani B, Azadbakht L, (2018). Is Coffee and Green Tea Consumption Related to Serum Levels of Adiponectin and Leptin? International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 9: 106.
• Jessen A, Buemann B, Toubro S, Skovgaard IM, Astrup A. (2005). The appetitesuppressant effect of nicotine is enhanced by caffeine. Diabetes ObesMetab; 7: 327-333.
• Jeszka-Skowron M, Zgola-Grzeskowiak A, Grzeskowiak T, (2015). Analytical Methods Applied For The Characterization And The Determination Of Bioactive Compounds İn Coffee. Eur Food Res Technol. 240 (1):19–31.
• Kempf K, Herder C, Erlund I, Kolb H, Martin S, Carstensen M, ve ark., (2010). Effects of Coffee Consumption on Subclinical İnflammation and Other Risk Factors For Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinical Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 91:950‑7.
• Kogure A, Sakane N, Takakura Y, Umekawa T, Yoshioka K, Nishino H., ve ark., (2002). Effects of caffeine on the uncoupling protein family in obese yellow KK mice.. Clin Expert Pharmacol Physiol; 29:391-4.
• Lee J, Kim HY ve Kim J, (2017). Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Obesity in Korean Women. Nutrients 9, 1340.
• Lelyana R, (2017). Underlying Mechanism of Coffee as Inhibitor Adipogenesis for Complementary Medicine Use in Obesity. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 8: 425.
• Li D-K, Ferber JR, ve Odouli R, (2015). Maternal Caffeine İntake During Pregnancy and Risk of Obesity in Offspring: A Prospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Obesity 39, 658–664.
• Lopez-Garcia E, van Dam RM, Rajpathak S, Willett WC, Manson JE, Hu FB, (2006). Changes in Caffeine İntake and Long-Term Weight Change in Men And Women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83, 674–680.
• Loomis D, Guyton KZ, Grosse Y, Lauby-Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V. ve ark., (2016). Carcinogenicity of Drinking Coffee, Mate, and Very Hot Beverages. Lancet Oncol. 17(7):877–8.
• Matsuura H, Mure K, Nishio N, Kitano N, Nagai N, Takeshita T, (2012). Relationship Between Coffee Consumption and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Japanese Civil Servants. J. Epidemiol. 22, 160–166.
• Mermel V,L. (2004). Trends Food . Sci & Tech;15: 532-540.
• Molnar D, Torok K, Erhardt E, ve Jeges S., (2000). Safety And Efficacy Of Treatment With An Ephedrine/Caffeine Mixture. The First Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study In Adolescents. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24: 1573–1578.
• Nagao T, Komine Y, Soga S., ve ark., (2005). Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in men. Am J Clin Nutr; 81:122-9.
• Nawrot P, Jordan S, Eastwood J, Rotstein J, Hugenholtz A ve Feeley M, (2003). Effects of Caffeine on Human. Health Food Additives and Contaminants, Vol. 20, No. 1, pg. 1-30.
• Newton, R., Broughton, L.J., Lind, M.J., Morrison, P.J., Rogers, H.J., Bradbrook, I.D. (1981). Plasma and salivary pharmacokinetics of caffeine in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 21, 45.
• Nordestgaard AT, Thomsen M, Nordestgaard BG. (2015). Coffee intake and risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. Int J Epidemiol; 44: 551-565.
• ,Noordzij M, Uiterwaal CS, Arends LR, Kok FJ, Grobbee DE, Geleijnse JM, (2005). Blood Pressure Response to Chronic İntake of Coffee and Caffeine: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Hypertens. 23(5):921–8.
• Pasman WJ, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, ve Saris WHM. (1997). The Effectiveness Of Long-Term Supplementation Of Carbohydrate, Chromium, Fibre And Caffeine On Weight Maintenance. Int J Obes 21: 1143–1151.
• Pittler MH, Ernst E. (2004). Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr; 79: 529-36.
• Plants containing Caffeine. Available at: http://museum.gov.ns.ca/poison/holly.htm. Erişim tarihi: Şubat 2008.
• Rains TM, Agarwal S, Maki KC. (2011). Antiobesity effects of green tea catechins: A mechanistic review. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry; 22:1–7.
• Racotta IS, Leblanc J, and Richard D. (1994). The Effect Of Caffeine On Food Intake In Rats: Involvement Of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor And The Sympatho-Adrenal System. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 48: 887–892.
• Rados C. (2004). Ephedra Ban: No Shortage Of Reasons. FDA Consum 38: 6–7.
• Rains TM, Agarwal S, Maki KC. (2011). Antiobesity effects of green tea catechins: A mechanistic review. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry; 22:1–7.
• Ramsey JJ, Colman RJ, Swick AG, and Kemnitz JW. (1998). Energy expenditure, body composition, and glucose metabolism in lean and obese rhesus monkeys treated with ephedrine and caffeine. Am J Clin Nutr 68:42–51.
• Rebello SA, Chen CH, Naidoo N, Xu W, Lee J, Chia KS ve ark., (2011). Coffee and Tea Consumption in Relation to İnflammation and Basal Glucose Metabolism in A Multi‑Ethnic Asian Population: A Cross‑Sectional Study. Nutr J. 10:61
• Robertson D, Wade D, Workman R, Woosley RL, and Oates JA. (1981). Tolerance To The Humoral And Hemodynamic Effects Of Caffeine In Man. J Clin Invest 67: 1111–1117.
• Ryu S, Choi SK, Joung SS, Suh H, Cha YS, Lee S, Lim K. (2001). Caffeine as a lipolytic food component increases endurance performance in rats and athletes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo); 47:139–46.
• Saper RB, ve ark., (2004). Am Fam Physician ;70 (9):1731-8.
• Schulman S. (2003). Addressing the potential risks associated with ephedra use: a review of recent efforts. Public Health Rep; 118: 487-92.
• Shixian Q, VanCrey B, Shi J, Kakuda Y, Jiang Y. (2006). Obesity and thermogenesis related to the consumption of caffeine, ephedrine, capsaicin, and green tea. J Med Food; 9:451-8.
• Stendell-Hollis NR, Thomson CA, Thompson PA, Bea JV, Cussler EC, Hakim IA. (2010). Green tea improves metabolic biomarkers, not weight or body composition: a pilot study in overweight breast cancer survivors. J Hum Nutr Diet; 23:590–600.
• Toubro S, Astrup AV, Breum L, ve Quaade F., (1999). The Acute And Chronic Effects Of Ephedrine/Caffeine Mixtures On Energy Expenditure And Glucose Metabolism In Humans. Int J Obes 17 Suppl 3: S73–S77.
• Tremblay A, Masson E, Leduc S, Houde A, ve Despres JP. (1988). Caffeine Reduces Spontaneous Energy Intake In Men But Not In Women. Nutr Res 8:553–558,
• Tulp OL ve Buck CL., (1986). Caffeine And Ephedrine Stimulated Thermogenesis In LA-Corpulent Rats. Comp Biochem Physiol C 85: 17–19.
• Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lejeune MP, ve Kovacs EM. (2005). Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation. Obes Res 13: 1195–1204.
• Westerterp-Plantenga MS. (2010). Green tea catechins, caffeine and body-weight regulation. Physiology & Behavior; 100:42–6.
• WHO, (2000). Obesity: Preventing And Managing The Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, 1–253.
• Wolk BJ, Ganetsky M, Babu KM. (2012). Toxicity of energy drinks. Curr Opin Pediatr; 24(2): 243-51.
• World Health organization obesity and overweight Fact sheet No:311, Geneva, WHO, http://www.who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ Erişim Tarihi, 24.08.2014.
• Wolfram S, Wang Y, Thielecke F. (2006). Anti-obesity effects of green tea: From bedside to bench. Mol Nutr Food Res;50:176-87.
• Wu W, Tong Y, Zhao Q, Yu G, Wei X, Lu Q. (2015). Coffee Consumption and Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Sci Rep. 5:9051.
• Yamashita K, Yatsuya H, Muramatsu T, Toyoshima H, Murohara T, Tamakoshi K ve ark., (2012). Association of Coffee Consumption With Serum Adiponectin, Leptin, İnflammation and Metabolic Markers in Japanese Workers: A Cross‑Sectional Study. Nutr Diabetes 2:e33.
• Yılmaz E, (2001). Kafein Alımının Metabolik Hız ve Enerji Harcanışına Etkileri. Gıda Mühendisliği Dergisi; 30-34.
• Zhao LC, ANdrews K, Holden J, Brandt M, Spease C, Dwyer J, Picciano MF. Caffeine containing dietary Supplements. Available at: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/Other/ EB04_CaffeineSupp.pdf. Erişim tarihi: Şubat 2018.
• Zhong L, Furne JK, Levitt MD (2006). An extract of black, green, and mulberry teas causes malabsorption of carbohydrate but not of triacylglycerol in healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr;84:551–5.
• Zhang R, Xiao W, Wang X, Wu X, Tian W. (2006). Novel inhibitors of fatty-acid synthase from green tea (Camellia sinensis Xihu Longjing) with high activity and a new reacting site. Biotechnol Appl Biochem; 43:1–7.
• Zheng G, Sayam K, Okubo T, Juneja LR, Oguni I. (2004). Anti-obesity effects of three major components of green tea, catechins, caffeine and theanine, in mice. In Vivo;18:55–62.