Ekosistem Servislerinde Toprağın Rolü

Abstract

Ekosistemin yapısının ve işlevlerinin insan refahına katkıları ekosistem servisleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Toprak, “ekosistem servisleri” olarak adlandırılan, tedarik etme (örneğin tatlı su, odun, yiyecek ve lif), düzenleme (örneğin iklim, erozyon ve sel), kültürel (örneğin estetik veya manevi değerler) ve destekleme (örneğin bitkilere, hayvanlara ve insan altyapısına fiziksel destek) gibi insan refahı ve sürdürülebilir sosyo-ekonomik kalkınma için önemli olan çok çeşitli mal ve hizmetlerin sağlanmasına katkı sunmaktadır. Litosfer, biyosfer, hidrosfer ve atmosfer arasında ara yüz olan toprağın ekosistem servislerinin yerine getirilmesindeki çok fonksiyonlu rolünü anlamak son derece önemlidir. Topraklar ekosistem servislerinin yerine getirilmesinde diğer ekosistemler ile birlikte görev almaktadır. Ekosistem servisleri, çoklu ekosistemler arasındaki etkileşimin sonucu olduklarından, ekosistem servislerini sadece toprağa bağlı olarak tanımlamak yeterli olmayacaktır. Tarımsal faaliyetler ile gıdanın üretilmesi, toprak özelliklerinin yanında, yağış, güneş ışığı ve sıcaklık gibi iklimsel değişkenler ve ekim veya gübreleme gibi insan müdahaleleri ile mümkün olabilir. Bu nedenle, ekosistem servislerinin sağlanmasında topraklar ancak bazı servislerin ne kadar iyi sağlanacağını belirleyen önemli bir ekosistem olarak görev yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, diğer ekosistemler ile birlikte insan refahına katkı sağlayan toprağın ekosistem servislerinin gerçekleşmesindeki önemi, yayınlanan güncel araştırmalardan derlenerek ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• Ekosistem
• toprak fonksiyonu
• ekosistem servisleri
• tedarik hizmetleri
• düzenleme hizmetleri
• kültürel hizmetler

The Role of Soil in Ecosystem Services

Abstract

The contributions of the structure and functions of the ecosystem to human welfare are defined as ecosystem services. Soils provide a wide range of goods and services called ecosystem services, such as provisioning (e.g., freshwater, wood, food, and fiber), regulating (e.g., climate, erosion, and floods), cultural (e.g., aesthetic or spiritual values) and supporting (e.g., physical support to plants, animals and human infrastructure), important for human well-being and sustainable socio-economic development. Understanding the multifunctional role of soil, which is the central interface between the lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere, in ecosystem services is extremely important. Soils play an active role in the fulfillment of ecosystem services together with other ecosystems. Ecosystem services are the results of the interaction between multiple ecosystems; therefore, ecosystem services cannot be explained only by soil. The production of food by agricultural activities may only be possible through soil characteristics along with the contribution of climatic variables such as precipitation, sunlight and temperature, and human interventions such as planting or fertilization. Therefore, soils serve as an important ecosystem in the provision of ecosystem services and determine how well some services will be supplied. In this study, the importance of soil, which contributes to human welfare along with other ecosystems, in the realization of ecosystem services has been revealed by compiling the currently published research.

Keywords

• Ecosystem
• soil function
• ecosystem services
• provisioning services
• regulating services
• cultural services

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