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Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Affected by Humic Acid Under Urmia-Iran Condition

Year 2022, , 15 - 23, 28.02.2022

Mohsen Mırzapour , Amir Rahimi , Saeid Heydarzadeh

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1018404
Cited By: 1

Abstract

The trial aimed to study the effects of different levels of humic acid on the antioxidant activity of garden thyme. The study was conducted at the experimental fields of the Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, West Azerbaijan, Iran, and used randomized complete block design with four replications. Three different humic acid doses; 200 kg ha−1, 400 kg ha−1 and 600 kg ha−1, and control with no humic acid were the treatments. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydroxyl) radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity, and chain-breaking activity were determined. According to the results, the effect of different levels of humic acid in the first harvest on total flavonoid content and nitric oxide radical scavenging was significant whereas, in the second harvest, total phenols content, total flavonoids content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and chain-breaking activity were significant. The maximum total phenolic content, and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity were obtained in the control treatment. The highest total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and chain-breaking activity were obtained in the application of 400 kg ha−1 and 600 kg ha−1 humic acid.

Keywords

Medicinal-aromatic plant antioxidant activity garden thyme humic acid

References

  • Aazza, S., Lyoussi, B., Miguel, M.G., 2011. Antioxidant and anti acetylcholinesterase activities of some commercial essential oils and their major compounds. Molecules, 16(9): 7672-7690.
  • AbdelMawgoud, A., El Greadly, M.R.N., Helmy, Y.I., Singer, S.M., 2007. Responses of tomato plants to different rates of humic based fertilizer and NPK fertilization. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(2): 169-174.
  • Alesiani, D., Canini, A., D’abrosca, B., Dellagreca, M., Fiorentino, A., Mastellone, C., Monaco, P., Pacifico, S., 2010. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of phytochemicals from Quince (Cydonia vulgaris) peels. Food Chemistry, 118(2): 199-207.
  • Amini, S., Minaei, A., Rahimi, A., Özyazıcı, G., 2019. The effect of humic acid and fulvic acid on some morphological traits in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). International Conference on Agriculture, Animal Science and Rural Development-III, 20-22 December, Van, Turkey, pp. 630-639.
  • Amzad Hossain, M., Ahmed Salim Al-Raqmi, K.H., Hamood Al-Mijizy, Z., Mohammed Weli, A., Al-Riyami, Q., 2013. Study of total phenol, flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of various leaves crude extracts of locally grown Thymus vulgaris. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(9): 705-710.
  • Asensio-S.-Manzanera, M.C., Martín, H., Sanz, M.A., 2011. Antioxidant activity of Lavandula latifolia, Salvia lavandulifolia and Thymus mastichina collected in Spain. Acta Horticulturae, 925: 281-290.
  • Aslan, S., Sarıhan, E.O., 2021. The effect of humic acid and nitrogen fertilizer applications on some yield and quality features of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.). Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(1): 29-40.
  • Attia, Y.A., Bakhashwain, A.A., Bertu, N.K., 2017. Thyme oil (Thyme vulgaris L.) as a natural growth promoter for broiler chickens reared under hot climate. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 16(2): 275-282.
  • Augustyniak, A., Bartosz, G., Cipak, A., Duburs, G., Horáková, U., Łuczaj, W., Majekova, M., Odysseos, A.D., Rackova, L., Skrzydlewska, E.B., Stefek, M., Štrosová, M., Tirzitis, G., Venskutonis, P.R., Viskupicova, J., Vraka, P.S., Žarkovic, N., 2010. Natural and synthetic antioxidants: An updated overview. Free Radical Research, 44(10): 1216-1262.
  • Caleja, C., Barros, L., Antonio, A.L., Oliveira, M.B.P., Ferreira, I.C., 2017. A comparative study between natural and synthetic antioxidants: Evaluation of their performance after incorporation into biscuits. Food Chemistry, 216(1): 342-346.
  • Cutillas, A.B., Carrasco, A., Martinez-Gutierrez, R., Tomas, V., Tudela, J., 2018. Thyme essential oils from Spain: Aromatic profile ascertained by GC-MS, and their antioxidant, antilipoxygenase and antimicrobial activities. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 26(2): 529-544.
  • Eghdami, A., Eizadi, M., Sadegh, F., 2013. Polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 3(5): 94-101.
  • Farnad, N., Heidari, R., Aslanipour, B., 2014. Phenolic composition and comparison of antioxidant activity of alcoholic extracts of peppermint (Mentha piperita). Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 8(2): 113-121.
  • Gallego, M.G., Gordon, M.H., Segovia, F.J., Skowyra, M., Almajano, M.P., 2013. Antioxidant properties of three aromatic herbs (rosemary, thyme and lavender) in oil‐in‐water emulsions. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 90(10): 1559-1568.
  • Georgieva, L., Mihaylova, D., 2015. Screening of total phenolic content and radical scavenging capacity of Bulgarian plant species. International Food Research Journal, 22(1): 240-245.
  • Ghandchi, S., Jamzad, M., 2015. Total flavonoids contents and anti-bacterial activity of the extracts of two labiateae species: Nepeta menthoides and Thymus trautvetteri. Journal of Medicinal Plants and by Products, 4(1): 77-82.
  • Haghighi, S., Saki Nejad, T., Lack, S.H., 2011. Evalution of changes the qualitation & quantitative yield of horse been (Vicia faba L.) plant in the levels of humic acid fertilizer. Life Science Journal, 8(3): 583-588.
  • Haigh, R., 1986. Safety and necessity of antioxidants: EEC approach. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 24: 1031-1036.
  • Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.C., 1995. The definition and measurement of antioxidants in biological systems. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 18(1): 125-126.
  • Hornok, L., 1992. Cultivation and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Chichester. Newyork.
  • Istrati, D., Vizireanu, C., Dima, F., Garnai, M., 2013. Evaluation of polyphenols and flavonoids in marinades used to tenderize beef muscle. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, 19(1): 116-121.
  • Jukić, M., Miloš, M., 2005. Catalytic oxidation and antioxidant properties of thyme essential oils (Thymus vulgarae L.). Croatica Chemica Acta, 78(1): 105-110.
  • Kruma, Z., Andjelkovic, M., Verhe, R., Kreicbergs, V., 2008. Phenolic compounds in basil, oregano and thyme. Foodbalt, 5(7): 99-103.
  • Kulisic, T., Radonic, A., Milos, M., 2005. Antioxidant properties of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) essential oils. Italian Journal of Food Science, 17(3): 315-324.
  • Letchamo, W., Gosselin, A., 1996. Transpiration, essential oil glands, epicuticular wax and morphology of Thymus vulgaris are influenced by light intensity and water supply. Journal of Horticultural Science, 71(1): 123-134.
  • Nickavar, B., Esbati, N., 2016. Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of three Thymus species. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 5(3): 119-125.
  • Nickavar, B., Mojab, F., Dolatbadi, R., 2005. Analysis of the essential oils of two Thymus species from Iran. Food Chemistry, 90(4): 609-611.
  • Ninfali, P., Mea, G., Giorgini, S., Rocchi, M., Bacchiocca, M., 2005. Antioxidant capacity of vegetables, spices and dressings relevant to nutrition. British Journal of Nutrition, 93(2): 257-66.
  • Özyazıcı, G., 2020. Yield and quality of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) according to leonardite and nitrogen doses. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18(5): 7057-7075.
  • Özyazıcı, G., Rahimi, A., Pourakbar, L., 2018. Investigation on antioxidant activity of garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) in different harvest day-time. International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 15-16 December, İstanbul, Turkey, pp. 975-984.
  • Parul, R., Kundu, S.K., Saha, P., 2012. In vitro nitric oxide scavenging activity of methanol extracts of three Bangladeshi medicinal plants. The Pharma Innovation-Journal, 1(12): 83-88.
  • Pirbalouti, A.G., Hashemi, M., Ghahfarokhic, F.T., 2013. Essential oil and chemical compositions of wild and cultivated Thymus daenensis Celak and Thymus vulgaris L. Industrial Crops and Products. 48: 43-48.
  • Rahimi, A., Özyazıcı, G., Proukbar, L., 2018a. Evaluation on antioxidant activity of garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) under different drying methods. International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 15-16 December, İstanbul, Turkey, pp. 970-974.
  • Rahimi, A., Pourakbar, L., Özyazıcı, G., 2018b. Investigation on antioxidant activity of upper, middle, and lower leaves of garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). I. Uluslararası Anadolu Multidisipliner Çalışmalar Kongresi, 28-29 December, Diyarbakır, Turkey, pp. 985-992.
  • Rahimi, A., Siavash Moghaddam, S., Ghiyasi, M., Heydarzadeh, S., Ghazizadeh, K., Popović-Djordjević, J., 2019. The influence of chemical, organic and biological fertilizers on agrobiological and antioxidant properties of Syrian Cephalaria (Cephalaria syriaca L.). Agriculture, 9(6): 122.
  • Rahman, S.M., 2013. Effect of temperature and extraction process on antioxidant activity of various leaves crude extracts of Thymus vulgaris. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 1(2): 130-134.
  • Reuter, S., Subash, C., Gupta, M., Chaturvedi, M., Aggarwal, B.B., 2010. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: How are they linked. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 49(11): 1603-1616.
  • Taghipour, S., Rahimi, A., Zartoshti, M.R., Arslan, Y., 2017. The effect of micronutrients on antioxidant properties of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) under humic acid using condition. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(4): 589-600.
  • Tchamgoue, A.D., Tchokouaha, L.R., Tarkang, P.A., Vinson, J.A., Agbor, G.A., 2015. Comparative radical scavenging properties of five spices commonly consumed in Cameroon. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2(4): 1610-1622.
  • Tohidi, B., Rahimmalek, M., Arzani, A., 2017. Essential oil composition, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of Thymus species collected from different regions of Iran. Food Chemistry, 220: 153-161.
  • Youdim, K.A., Deans, S.G., Finlayson, H.J., 2002. The antioxidant properties of thyme (Thymus zygis L.) essential oil: an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation and a free radical scavenger. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 14(3): 210-215.
  • Young, I.S., Woodside, J., 2001. Antioxidants in health and disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 54(3): 176-186.

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Affected by Humic Acid Under Urmia-Iran Condition

Year 2022, , 15 - 23, 28.02.2022

Mohsen Mırzapour , Amir Rahimi , Saeid Heydarzadeh

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1018404
Cited By: 1

Abstract

The trial aimed to study the effects of different levels of humic acid on the antioxidant activity of garden thyme. The study was conducted at the experimental fields of the Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, West Azerbaijan, Iran, and used randomized complete block design with four replications. Three different humic acid doses; 200 kg ha−1, 400 kg ha−1 and 600 kg ha−1, and control with no humic acid were the treatments. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydroxyl) radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity, and chain-breaking activity were determined. According to the results, the effect of different levels of humic acid in the first harvest on total flavonoid content and nitric oxide radical scavenging was significant whereas, in the second harvest, total phenols content, total flavonoids content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and chain-breaking activity were significant. The maximum total phenolic content, and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity were obtained in the control treatment. The highest total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and chain-breaking activity were obtained in the application of 400 kg ha−1 and 600 kg ha−1 humic acid.

Keywords

Medicinal-aromatic plant antioxidant activity garden thyme humic acid

References

  • Aazza, S., Lyoussi, B., Miguel, M.G., 2011. Antioxidant and anti acetylcholinesterase activities of some commercial essential oils and their major compounds. Molecules, 16(9): 7672-7690.
  • AbdelMawgoud, A., El Greadly, M.R.N., Helmy, Y.I., Singer, S.M., 2007. Responses of tomato plants to different rates of humic based fertilizer and NPK fertilization. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(2): 169-174.
  • Alesiani, D., Canini, A., D’abrosca, B., Dellagreca, M., Fiorentino, A., Mastellone, C., Monaco, P., Pacifico, S., 2010. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of phytochemicals from Quince (Cydonia vulgaris) peels. Food Chemistry, 118(2): 199-207.
  • Amini, S., Minaei, A., Rahimi, A., Özyazıcı, G., 2019. The effect of humic acid and fulvic acid on some morphological traits in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). International Conference on Agriculture, Animal Science and Rural Development-III, 20-22 December, Van, Turkey, pp. 630-639.
  • Amzad Hossain, M., Ahmed Salim Al-Raqmi, K.H., Hamood Al-Mijizy, Z., Mohammed Weli, A., Al-Riyami, Q., 2013. Study of total phenol, flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of various leaves crude extracts of locally grown Thymus vulgaris. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(9): 705-710.
  • Asensio-S.-Manzanera, M.C., Martín, H., Sanz, M.A., 2011. Antioxidant activity of Lavandula latifolia, Salvia lavandulifolia and Thymus mastichina collected in Spain. Acta Horticulturae, 925: 281-290.
  • Aslan, S., Sarıhan, E.O., 2021. The effect of humic acid and nitrogen fertilizer applications on some yield and quality features of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.). Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(1): 29-40.
  • Attia, Y.A., Bakhashwain, A.A., Bertu, N.K., 2017. Thyme oil (Thyme vulgaris L.) as a natural growth promoter for broiler chickens reared under hot climate. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 16(2): 275-282.
  • Augustyniak, A., Bartosz, G., Cipak, A., Duburs, G., Horáková, U., Łuczaj, W., Majekova, M., Odysseos, A.D., Rackova, L., Skrzydlewska, E.B., Stefek, M., Štrosová, M., Tirzitis, G., Venskutonis, P.R., Viskupicova, J., Vraka, P.S., Žarkovic, N., 2010. Natural and synthetic antioxidants: An updated overview. Free Radical Research, 44(10): 1216-1262.
  • Caleja, C., Barros, L., Antonio, A.L., Oliveira, M.B.P., Ferreira, I.C., 2017. A comparative study between natural and synthetic antioxidants: Evaluation of their performance after incorporation into biscuits. Food Chemistry, 216(1): 342-346.
  • Cutillas, A.B., Carrasco, A., Martinez-Gutierrez, R., Tomas, V., Tudela, J., 2018. Thyme essential oils from Spain: Aromatic profile ascertained by GC-MS, and their antioxidant, antilipoxygenase and antimicrobial activities. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 26(2): 529-544.
  • Eghdami, A., Eizadi, M., Sadegh, F., 2013. Polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 3(5): 94-101.
  • Farnad, N., Heidari, R., Aslanipour, B., 2014. Phenolic composition and comparison of antioxidant activity of alcoholic extracts of peppermint (Mentha piperita). Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 8(2): 113-121.
  • Gallego, M.G., Gordon, M.H., Segovia, F.J., Skowyra, M., Almajano, M.P., 2013. Antioxidant properties of three aromatic herbs (rosemary, thyme and lavender) in oil‐in‐water emulsions. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 90(10): 1559-1568.
  • Georgieva, L., Mihaylova, D., 2015. Screening of total phenolic content and radical scavenging capacity of Bulgarian plant species. International Food Research Journal, 22(1): 240-245.
  • Ghandchi, S., Jamzad, M., 2015. Total flavonoids contents and anti-bacterial activity of the extracts of two labiateae species: Nepeta menthoides and Thymus trautvetteri. Journal of Medicinal Plants and by Products, 4(1): 77-82.
  • Haghighi, S., Saki Nejad, T., Lack, S.H., 2011. Evalution of changes the qualitation & quantitative yield of horse been (Vicia faba L.) plant in the levels of humic acid fertilizer. Life Science Journal, 8(3): 583-588.
  • Haigh, R., 1986. Safety and necessity of antioxidants: EEC approach. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 24: 1031-1036.
  • Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.C., 1995. The definition and measurement of antioxidants in biological systems. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 18(1): 125-126.
  • Hornok, L., 1992. Cultivation and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Chichester. Newyork.
  • Istrati, D., Vizireanu, C., Dima, F., Garnai, M., 2013. Evaluation of polyphenols and flavonoids in marinades used to tenderize beef muscle. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, 19(1): 116-121.
  • Jukić, M., Miloš, M., 2005. Catalytic oxidation and antioxidant properties of thyme essential oils (Thymus vulgarae L.). Croatica Chemica Acta, 78(1): 105-110.
  • Kruma, Z., Andjelkovic, M., Verhe, R., Kreicbergs, V., 2008. Phenolic compounds in basil, oregano and thyme. Foodbalt, 5(7): 99-103.
  • Kulisic, T., Radonic, A., Milos, M., 2005. Antioxidant properties of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) essential oils. Italian Journal of Food Science, 17(3): 315-324.
  • Letchamo, W., Gosselin, A., 1996. Transpiration, essential oil glands, epicuticular wax and morphology of Thymus vulgaris are influenced by light intensity and water supply. Journal of Horticultural Science, 71(1): 123-134.
  • Nickavar, B., Esbati, N., 2016. Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of three Thymus species. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 5(3): 119-125.
  • Nickavar, B., Mojab, F., Dolatbadi, R., 2005. Analysis of the essential oils of two Thymus species from Iran. Food Chemistry, 90(4): 609-611.
  • Ninfali, P., Mea, G., Giorgini, S., Rocchi, M., Bacchiocca, M., 2005. Antioxidant capacity of vegetables, spices and dressings relevant to nutrition. British Journal of Nutrition, 93(2): 257-66.
  • Özyazıcı, G., 2020. Yield and quality of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) according to leonardite and nitrogen doses. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18(5): 7057-7075.
  • Özyazıcı, G., Rahimi, A., Pourakbar, L., 2018. Investigation on antioxidant activity of garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) in different harvest day-time. International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 15-16 December, İstanbul, Turkey, pp. 975-984.
  • Parul, R., Kundu, S.K., Saha, P., 2012. In vitro nitric oxide scavenging activity of methanol extracts of three Bangladeshi medicinal plants. The Pharma Innovation-Journal, 1(12): 83-88.
  • Pirbalouti, A.G., Hashemi, M., Ghahfarokhic, F.T., 2013. Essential oil and chemical compositions of wild and cultivated Thymus daenensis Celak and Thymus vulgaris L. Industrial Crops and Products. 48: 43-48.
  • Rahimi, A., Özyazıcı, G., Proukbar, L., 2018a. Evaluation on antioxidant activity of garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) under different drying methods. International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 15-16 December, İstanbul, Turkey, pp. 970-974.
  • Rahimi, A., Pourakbar, L., Özyazıcı, G., 2018b. Investigation on antioxidant activity of upper, middle, and lower leaves of garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). I. Uluslararası Anadolu Multidisipliner Çalışmalar Kongresi, 28-29 December, Diyarbakır, Turkey, pp. 985-992.
  • Rahimi, A., Siavash Moghaddam, S., Ghiyasi, M., Heydarzadeh, S., Ghazizadeh, K., Popović-Djordjević, J., 2019. The influence of chemical, organic and biological fertilizers on agrobiological and antioxidant properties of Syrian Cephalaria (Cephalaria syriaca L.). Agriculture, 9(6): 122.
  • Rahman, S.M., 2013. Effect of temperature and extraction process on antioxidant activity of various leaves crude extracts of Thymus vulgaris. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 1(2): 130-134.
  • Reuter, S., Subash, C., Gupta, M., Chaturvedi, M., Aggarwal, B.B., 2010. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: How are they linked. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 49(11): 1603-1616.
  • Taghipour, S., Rahimi, A., Zartoshti, M.R., Arslan, Y., 2017. The effect of micronutrients on antioxidant properties of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) under humic acid using condition. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(4): 589-600.
  • Tchamgoue, A.D., Tchokouaha, L.R., Tarkang, P.A., Vinson, J.A., Agbor, G.A., 2015. Comparative radical scavenging properties of five spices commonly consumed in Cameroon. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2(4): 1610-1622.
  • Tohidi, B., Rahimmalek, M., Arzani, A., 2017. Essential oil composition, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of Thymus species collected from different regions of Iran. Food Chemistry, 220: 153-161.
  • Youdim, K.A., Deans, S.G., Finlayson, H.J., 2002. The antioxidant properties of thyme (Thymus zygis L.) essential oil: an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation and a free radical scavenger. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 14(3): 210-215.
  • Young, I.S., Woodside, J., 2001. Antioxidants in health and disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 54(3): 176-186.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mohsen Mırzapour 0000-0002-2898-6903

Amir Rahimi 0000-0002-8200-3103

Saeid Heydarzadeh This is me 0000-0001-6051-7587

Publication Date February 28, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Mırzapour, M., Rahimi, A., & Heydarzadeh, S. (2022). Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Affected by Humic Acid Under Urmia-Iran Condition. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(1), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1018404
AMA Mırzapour M, Rahimi A, Heydarzadeh S. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Affected by Humic Acid Under Urmia-Iran Condition. TÜTAD. February 2022;9(1):15-23. doi:10.19159/tutad.1018404
Chicago Mırzapour, Mohsen, Amir Rahimi, and Saeid Heydarzadeh. “Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Garden Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris L.) Affected by Humic Acid Under Urmia-Iran Condition”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9, no. 1 (February 2022): 15-23. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1018404.
EndNote Mırzapour M, Rahimi A, Heydarzadeh S (February 1, 2022) Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Affected by Humic Acid Under Urmia-Iran Condition. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9 1 15–23.
IEEE M. Mırzapour, A. Rahimi, and S. Heydarzadeh, “Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Affected by Humic Acid Under Urmia-Iran Condition”, TÜTAD, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 15–23, 2022, doi: 10.19159/tutad.1018404.
ISNAD Mırzapour, Mohsen et al. “Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Garden Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris L.) Affected by Humic Acid Under Urmia-Iran Condition”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9/1 (February 2022), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1018404.
JAMA Mırzapour M, Rahimi A, Heydarzadeh S. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Affected by Humic Acid Under Urmia-Iran Condition. TÜTAD. 2022;9:15–23.
MLA Mırzapour, Mohsen et al. “Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Garden Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris L.) Affected by Humic Acid Under Urmia-Iran Condition”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, 2022, pp. 15-23, doi:10.19159/tutad.1018404.
Vancouver Mırzapour M, Rahimi A, Heydarzadeh S. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Affected by Humic Acid Under Urmia-Iran Condition. TÜTAD. 2022;9(1):15-23.

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https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091822

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