Yüzen Su Kültürü ile Tere (Lepidium sativum L.) Yetiştiriciliğinde Farklı Yetiştirme Dönemlerinde Besin Çözeltisi Tuz Seviyelerinin Verim ve Bazı Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri

Year 2022, , 334 - 341, 31.10.2022

Hale Duyar

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1150723

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, ısıtmasız sera koşullarında yüzen su kültürü ile tere (Lepidium sativum L.) yetiştiriciliğinde, farklı tuz seviyelerinin Kasım (Yetiştirme dönemi 1: YD1) ve Şubat (Yetiştirme dönemi 2: YD2) ayları arasında ardışık iki yetiştirme döneminde verim ve bazı kalite parametrelerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, 2.40x1.40x0.30 m ebatlarındaki 400 litrelik havuzlara standart Hoagland çözeltisi doldurulmuş ve kontrol uygulaması [Elektriksel iletkenlik (EC)= 1.8 mS cm-1] ile üç tuz seviyesi (EC= 2.8, 3.8 ve 4.8 mS cm-1) karşılaştırılmıştır. İstenilen tuz seviyeleri çözeltiye sodyum klorür (NaCl) ilavesi ile sağlanmıştır. Araştırmada tere bitkisinde; toplam verim, vitamin C, nitrat ve potasyum (K), sodyum (Na), kalsiyum (Ca) ve magnezyum (Mg) içerikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre; toplam verim birinci yetiştirme döneminde 730.48-1563.84 g m-2, ikinci yetiştirme döneminde 386.93-936.24 g m-2 arasında değişmiştir. Kontrol grubunda (1.8 mS cm-1) en yüksek toplam verim elde edilirken, artan tuz konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak verim değerleri düşmüştür. Tere yapraklarının vitamin C içeriği 3.80-5.51 mg g-1, nitrat kapsamı ise 67.79-238.15 mg kg-1 arasında değişkenlik göstermiştir. Çalışmada; K içeriği % 0.304-0.472, Na içeriği % 0.033-0.044, Ca içeriği % 0.977-2.490 ve Mg içeriği % 0.168-0.176 arasında değişmiş olup, bu değerler referans değerleri ile uyumlu bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, besin çözeltisindeki tuz seviyesinin artışı ile toplam verim değerlerinin azaldığı, ancak kış aylarında yapılan yetiştiricilikte (YD2) yüksek tuz seviyesindeki (3.8 mS cm-1) verim değerinin yüksek olduğu, ışık ve sıcaklık farklılıkları dikkate alınarak çalışmaların devam ettirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Lepidium sativum, topraksız tarım, elektriksel iletkenlik, vitamin C, nitrat

Supporting Institution

Ege Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Projesi Koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

BAMYO-2013-002

Thanks

Çalışmaya BAMYO-2013-002 no’lu numaralı proje ile sağladığı destekten dolayı Ege Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Projesi Koordinatörlüğü’ne teşekkür ederiz

Effects of Salinity Levels of Nutrient Solution in Different Growing Periods on Yield and Some Quality Parameters of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) Cultivation by Floating Systems

Abstract

In this research, it was aimed to determine the effects of different salinity levels on yield and some quality parameters of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) growing in floating system during two consecutive growing seasons between November (Growing period 1: YD1) and February (Growing period 2: YD2) in unheated greenhouse conditions. In the study, standard Hoagland solution was filled in pools with a dimension of 2.40x1.40x0.30 m and receiving 400 liters of solution, and the control treatment [Electrical conductivity (EC): 1.8 mS cm-1] and three salinity levels (EC: 2.8, 3.8 and 4.8 mS cm-1) were compared. Desired salinity levels were achieved by adding sodium chloride (NaCl) to the solution. In the study, total yield, vitamin C, nitrate and potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) contents of cress plants were investigated. According to the results of the study, the total yield varied between 730.48-1563.84 g m-2 in the first growing period and between 386.93-936.24 g m-2 in the second growing period. While the highest total yield was obtained in the control treatment (1.8 mS cm-1), the yield values decreased by increasing nutrient salinity levels. Vitamin C content of cress leaves varied between 3.80-5.51 mg g-1, and nitrate content was between 67.79-238.15 mg kg-1. In the study, K content varied between 0.304-0.472%, Na content 0.033-0.044%, Ca content 0.977-2.490%, and Mg content between 0.168-0.176%, and these values were found to be consistent with reference values. When the overall results were evaluated, it was concluded that the total yield values decreased with the increase in the salinity level in the nutrient solution, but the yield value at the higher salt level (3.8 mS cm-1) in the winter months (YD2) was high, and the studies should be continued considering by the light and temperature differences.

Keywords

vitamin C, Lepidium sativum, soilless culture, electrical conductivity, nitrate

Project Number

BAMYO-2013-002

References

• Açıkgöz, N., 1993. Tarımda Araştırma ve Deneme Metodları. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 478, (III. Basım), İzmir.
• Alberici, A., Quattrini, E., Penati, M., Martinetti, L., Gallina, P.M., Ferrante, A., Schiavi, M., 2007. Effect of the reduction of nutrient solution concentration on leafy vegetables quality grown in floating system. Acta Horticulturae, 801: 1167-1175.
• Al-Sammarraie, O.N., Alsharafa, K.Y., Al-limoun, M.O., Khleifat, K.M., Al-Sarayreh, S.A., Al-Shuneigat, J.M., Kalaji, H.M., 2020. Effects of various abiotic stressors on some biochemical indices of Lepidium sativum plants. Scientific Reports, 10: 21131.
• Carrasco, G., Gajardo, J.M., Álvaro, J.A., Urrestarazu, M., 2012. Rocket production (Eruca sativa Mill.) in a floating system using peracetic acid as oxygen source compared with subsrate culture. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 34(9): 1397-1401.
• Conklin, P.L., 2004. Ascorbic acid: An essential micronutrient provided by plants. R.M. Goodman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science, CRC Press, New York, pp. 65-67.
• Cros, V., Martínez-Sánchez, J.J., Fernández, J.A., Conesa, E., Vicente, M.J., Franco, J.A., Carreno, S., 2007. Salinity effects on germination and yield of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in a hydroponic floating. Acta Horticulturae, 747: 571-579.
• Duyar, H., Kılıç, C.C., 2016. A research on production of rocket and parsley in floating system. Journal of Agricultural Science, 8(7): 54-60.
• Eltez, R.Z., Tüzel, Y., Gül, A., Tüzel, I.H., Duyar, H., 2002. Effects of different EC levels of nutrient solution on greenhouse tomato growing. Acta Horticulturae, 573: 443-448.
• Fallovo, C., Rouphael, Y., Rea, E., Battistelli, A., Colla, G., 2009. Nutrient solution concentration and growing season effect yield and quality of Lactuca sativa var. acephala in floating raft culture. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89(10): 1682-1689.
• Fernández, J.A., Navarro, A., Vicente, M.J., Peñapareja, D., Plana, V., 2008. Effect of seed germination methods on seedling emergence and earliness of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) cultivars in a hydroponic floating system. Acta Horticulturae, 782: 207-212.
• Fontana, E., Nicola, S., 2008. Producing garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) for the fresh-cut chain using a soilless culture system. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 83(1): 23-32.
• Fontana, E., Tibaldi, G., Nicola, S., 2010. Effect of the nutrient solution and shelf-life conditions on the essential oil profile of minimally processed dill (Anethum graveolens L.) grown in a soilless culture system. Acta Horticulturae, 877: 135-142.
• Franco, J.A., Cros, V., Vicente, M.J., Martinez-Sanchez, J.J., 2011. Effects of salinity on the germination, growth, and nitrate contents of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) cultivated under different climatic conditions. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 86(1): 1-6.
• Fresenius, W., Quentin, K.E., Schneider, W., 1998. Water Analysis. A Practical Quideto Physicochemical, Chemical and Microbiological Water Examination and Quality Assurance. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
• Frezza, D., León, A., Logegaray V., Chiesa, A., Frezza, D, León, A., Logegaray V., Chiesa A., 2004. Soilless culture technology for high quality lettuce. Acta Horticulturae, 697: 43-48.
• Gilabert, C.E., Ruiz-Hernández M.V., Parra, M.A., Fernández J.A., 2014. Characterization of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions: Suitability as ready-to-eat product. Scientia Horticulturae, 172: 73-81.
• Gonnella, M., Serio, F., Conversa, G., Santamaria, P., 2002. Yield and quality of lettuce grown in floating system using different sowing density ant plant spatial arrangements. Acta Horticulturae, 614:687-692.
• Guadagnin, S.G., Rath, S., Reyes, F.G.R., 2005. Evaluation of the nitrate content in leaf vegetables produced through different agricultural systems. Food Additives and Contaminants, 22(12): 1203-1208.
• Gül, A., 2019 . Topraksız Tarım. (3. Baskı). Meta Basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri, İzmir.
• Hecht-Buchholz, C., 1972. Wirkung der mineralstoffernährung auf die feinstruktur der pflanzenzelle (Sammelreferat). Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, 132(1): 45-68.
• İnne, A., Kul, R., Ekinci, M., Turan, M., Yıldırım, E., 2021. Nitrogen fertilization affects growth, yield, nitrate and mineral content of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.). Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Science, 31(1): 89-97.
• Kacar, B., 1972. Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri 1-2. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 468, Yardımcı Ders Kitabı: 161, Ankara.
• Kıran, S., Kuşvuran, Ş., Ateş, Ç., Ellialtıoğlu, Ş.Ş., 2018. Tuzluluk ve su noksanlığı stresi altında yetiştirilen farklı patlıcan anaç/kalem kombinasyonlarında bazı meyve kalite özelliklerine ait değişimler. Derim, 35(2): 111-120.
• Kiremit, M.S., Osman, H.M., Arslan, H., 2022. Response of yield, growth traits, and leaf nutrients of garden cress to deficit saline irrigation waters. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1-16.
• Krauss, B.S., Schnitzler, W.H., Grassmann, J., Woitke, M., 2006. The influence of different electrical conductivity values in a simplified recirculating soilles system on inner and outer fruit quality characteristics of tomato. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(2): 441-448.
• Lee, S., Lee, J., 2015. Beneficial bacteria and fungi in hydroponic systems: Types and characteristics of hydroponic food production methods. Scientia Horticulturae, 195: 206-215.
• Leonardi, C., Martorana, M., Giuffrida, F., Fogliano, V., Pernice, R., 2004. Tomato fruit quality in relation to the content of sodium chloride in the nutrient solution. Acta Horticulturae, 659: 769-774.
• Li, Y.L., Stanghellini, C., 2001. Analysis of the effect of EC and potential transpiration on vegatative growth of tomato. Scientia Horticulture, 89(1): 9-21.
• McCance, R., Widdowson, E., 1991. The Composition of Foods (5th Ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain) and Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London.
• Nicola, S., Hoeberechts, J., Fontana, E., 2005. Comparison between traditional and soilless culture systems to produce rocket (Eruca sativa L.) with low nitrate content. Acta Horticulturae, 697: 549-555.
• Özdestan, Ö., Üren, A., 2010. Gıdalarda nitrat ve nitrit. Akademik Gıda, 8(6): 35-43.
• Öztekin, G.B., Tepecik, M., Tüzel, Y., 2018. Growing spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) in a floating system with different concentrations of nutrient solution. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16(3): 3333-3350.
• Pearson, D., 1970. The Chemical Analysis of Foods (6th Ed.). Chemical Publishing Co Inc, New York, USA.
• Rakocy, J.E., Hargreaves, J.A., Bailey, DS., 1993. Nutrient accumulation in a recirculating aquaculture system integrated with hydroponic vegetable production. J.K. Wang (Ed.), Techniques for Modern Aquaculture, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, pp. 148-158.
• Rodríguez-Hidalgo, S., Artés-Hernández, F., Gómez, P.A., Fernández, J.A., Artés, F., 2010. Quality of fresh-cut baby spinach grown under a floating trays system as affected by nitrogen fertilisation and innovative packaging treatments. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture, 90(6): 1089-1097.
• Romero-Aranda, R., Soria, T., Cuartero, J., 2001. Tomato plant water uptake and plant-water relationships under saline growth conditions. Plant Science, 160(2): 265-272.
• Rouphael, Y., Colla., G., 2005. Growth, yield, fruit quality and nutrient uptake of hydroponically cultivated zucchini squash as affected by irrigation systems and growing seasons. Scientia Horticulturae, 105(2): 177-195.
• Rouphael, Y., Vitaglione, P., Colla, G., Napolitano, F., Raimondi, G., Kyriacou, M.C., Colantuono, A., Giordano, M., Pannico, A., Maiello, R., De Pascale, S., 2019. Influence of mild saline stress and growing season on yield and leaf quality of baby lettuce grown in floating system. Acta Horticulturae, 1242: 147-152.
• Shah, M.B., Dudhat, V.A., Gadhvi, K.V., 2021. Lepidium sativum: A potential functional food. Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine, 7(2): 140-149.
• Sonneveld, C., 2000. Effect of Salinity Substrate Grown Vegetables and Ornamentals in Greenhouse Horticulturae. Wageningen University and Research, Netherland.
• Tan, E., 2003. Gıda kirlenmesinde nitrat, nitrit ve oluşturdukları riskler. Gıda ve Yem Bilimi-Teknolojisi, 3: 32-36.
• Tuncay, Ö., Eşiyok, D., Yagmur, B., Okur, B., 2011. Yield and quality of garden cress affected by different nitrogen sources and growing period. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(3): 608-617.
• Vural, H., Eşiyok, D., Duman, I., 2000. Kültür Sebzeleri (Sebze Yetiştirme). Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü, Bornova, İzmir.
• Yağmur, B., Okur, B., Tuncay, Ö., Eşiyok, D., 2019. Farklı ekim zamanı ve azotlu gübre uygulamalarının tere (Lepidium sativum L.) bitkisinin azot fraksiyonları ve bitki besin maddesi içeriğine etkileri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(3): 388-396.
• Yılmaz, D., Uğur, A., 2019. Terede (Lepidium sativum L.) bitki sıklığının verim ve yaprak kalitesine etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(8): 1222-1227.
• Yılmaz, E., Tuna, A.L., Bürün, B., 2011. Bitkilerin tuz stresi etkilerine karşı geliştirdikleri tolerans stratejileri. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1): 47-66.