Status and Molecular Characterization of Potyvirus Infections in Iris Plants: Iris Growing Areas in Bilecik Province, Türkiye

Abstract

Symptoms such as severe mosaic, yellowing and necrosis of leaves have been observed in iris (Iris spp.) plants for many years. In this study, the presence of potyvirus species that can cause similar symptoms in iris plants was investigated. Field surveys were carried out in the province of Bilecik in the South Marmara region-Türkiye in the year 2022. In the study, a total of 41 iris plants were collected, including 34 symptomatic and 7 asymptomatic ones. Potyvirus infections were detected by conventional molecular methods using degenerate primers for amplification of the partial NIb (nuclear inclusion protein b) gene region specific to the genus Potyvirus. As a result of the molecular assays, potyvirus infection was detected in 6 plants showing symptoms caused by viruses. After nucleotide sequencing of the 6 Potyvirus fragments obtained, the infections were determined to be caused by iris severe mosaic virus (ISMV). These isolates showed over 94% nucleotide similarity among themselves and 82-99% similarity with the global isolate. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Potyvirus species were successfully separated among themselves according to the NIb gene region obtained with these degenerate primers.

Keywords

• Bilecik
• iris
• Potyvirus
• molecular characterization
• phylogenetic

İris Bitkilerinde Potyvirüs Enfeksiyonlarının Durumu ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu: Bilecik İli İris Yetişen Alanlar, Türkiye

Abstract

İris (Iris spp.) bitkilerinde uzun yıllar boyunca yapraklarda şiddetli mozaik, sararma ve nekroz gibi belirtiler gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında iris bitkilerinde ilgili simptomlara neden olabilecek Potyvirüs türlerinin varlığı araştırılmıştır. Arazi çalışmaları 2022 yılında Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde bulunan Bilecik ilinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, 34 simptomatik ve 7 asimptomatik olmak üzere toplam 41 iris bitkisi toplanmıştır. Potyvirüs enfeksiyonları, Potyvirüs cinsine özgün kısmi NIb (nuclear inclusion protein b) gen bölgesinin amplifikasyonuna yönelik dejenere primerler kullanarak konvansiyonel moleküler yöntemler ile belirlenmiştir. Moleküler çalışmalar sonucunda virüslerin neden olduğu belirtiler gösteren 6 bitkide Potyvirüs enfeksiyonu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen 6 Potyvirüs fragmentinin nükleotit dizileme çalışmaları tamamlandıktan sonra enfeksiyonlara iris şiddetli mozaik virüsü (iris severe mosaic virus, ISMV)’nün neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu izolatlar kendi aralarında % 94’ün üzerinde nükleotit benzerliği gösterirken, global izolat ile % 82-99 oranlarında benzerlik göstermiştir. Filogenetik analizler ise bu dejenere primerle elde edilen NIb gen bölgesine göre Potyvirüs türlerinin kendi aralarında başarılı bir şekilde ayrıldığını göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Bilecik
• iris
• Potyvirüs
• moleküler karakterizasyon
• filogenetik

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