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Seed Coating Technologies and Sustainable Agriculture

Year 2026, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 75 - 81, 14.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1856778
https://izlik.org/JA97LM26CH

Abstract

Seed coating technologies are important practices used in modern agriculture to enhance seed performance, provide protection against environmental stresses, and optimize the efficiency of agricultural inputs. Seed coating methods include dry powder coating, seed dressing, film coating, encrusting, pelleting, electrospun seed coating, microencapsulation, and nano-coating. Although traditional seed coating methods have been used for many years, recent developments in nanotechnology, biopolymer science, and controlled release systems have brought significant innovations in seed coating technologies. In this review, the current literature on seed coating methods is summarized, the limitations of traditional seed coating methods and nano-coating technology are discussed, and the importance of nanotechnology in seed coating for sustainable agriculture is emphasized.

References

  • Abrahimi, F., Taghvaei, M., Mastinu, A., 2023. Nano-organic coatings improve early vigor of Brassica napus L. seeds in water deficit. Agronomy, 13(2): 390-406.
  • Accinelli, C., Abbas, H.K., Little, N.S., Kotowicz, J.K., Mencarelli, M., Shier, W.T., 2016. A liquid bioplastic formulation for film coating of agronomic seeds. Crop Protection, 89: 123-128.
  • Adhikari, T., Kundu, S., Rao, A.S., 2016. Zinc delivery to plants through seed coating with nano-zinc oxide particles. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 39(1): 136-146.
  • Afzal, I., Javed, T., Amirkhani, M., Taylor, A.G., 2020. Modern seed technology: seed coating delivery systems for enhancing seed and crop performance. Agriculture, 10(11): 526.
  • Afzal, M., Khan, S., Iqbal, S., Mirza, M.S., Khan, Q.M., 2013. Inoculation method affects colonization and activity of Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN during phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 85: 331-336.
  • Anonymous, 2026. Seed Coating Market. (https://www.marketsandmarkets.com), (Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2026).
  • Badua, S.A., Sharda, A., Strasser, R., Cockerline, K., Ciampitti, I.A., 2019. Comparison of soy protein based and commercially available seed lubricants for seed flowability in row crop planters. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 35(4): 593-600.
  • Baranwal, J., Barse, B., Fais, A., Delogu, G.L., Kumar, A., 2022. Biopolymer: a sustainable material for food and medical applications. Polymers, 14(5): 983.
  • Chakkalakkal, N.D., Thomas, M., Chittillapilly, PS., Sujith, A., Anjali, P., 2022. Electrospun polymer nanocomposite membrane as a promising seed coat for controlled release of agrichemicals and improved germination: Towards a better agricultural prospect. Journal of Cleaner Production, 377: 134479.
  • Duman, İ., 2005. Tohumlarda Kaliteyi İyileştirici Uygulamalar. Ege Üniversitesi, Tohum Teknolojisi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi (TOTEM), Yayın No: 3, Cilt 2, İzmir.
  • Durgadevi, P., Girigoswami, K., Girigoswami, A., 2025. Biodegradable nanomaterials in boosting seed vigor and germination: seed coating towards sustainability. Discover Applied Science, 7(7): 695.
  • Ellis, R.H., 2004. Seed and seedling vigor in relation to crop growth and yield. Plant Growth Regulation, 11(3): 249-255.
  • Gong, M., He, J., Kong, M., Huo, Q., Jiang, Y., Song, J., Lv, G., 2023. A microencapsulation approach to design microbial seed coatings to boost wheat seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1283590.
  • Guardiola-Márquez, C.E., López-Mena, E.R., Segura-Jiménez, M.E., Gutierrez-Marmolejo, I., Flores-Matzumiya, M.A., Mora-Godínez, S., 2023. Development and evaluation of zinc and iron nanoparticles functionalized with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and microalgae for their application as bio-nanofertilizers. Plants, 12(20): 3657.
  • Halmer, P., 2000. Commercial seed treatment technology. In: M. Black and J.D. Bewley (Eds.), Seed Technology and Its Biological Basis, Sheffield Academic Press: Sheffield, UK, pp. 257-286.
  • Javed, T., Afzal, I., 2020. Impact of seed pelleting on germination potential, seedling growth and storage of tomato seed. Acta Horticulturae, 1273: 417-424.
  • Jacob, S.R., Kumar, M.A., Varghese, E., Sinha, S.N., 2016. Hydrophilic polymer film coat as a micro-container of individual seed facilitates safe storage of tomato seeds. Scientia Horticulturae, 204: 116-122.
  • Kangsopa, J., Hynes, R.K., Siri, B., 2018. Lettuce seeds pelleting: A new bilayer matrix for lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 46(3): 521-531.
  • Kaur, P., Sharma, N., Agrawal, R., 2024. “Seed treatment with biopolymers for alleviation of abiotic stresses in plants,” in nanotechnology for abiotic stress tolerance and management in crop plants. Academic Press, 21: 327-334.
  • Kimmelshue, C., Goggi, A.S., Cademartiri, R., 2019. The use of biological seed coatings based on bacteriophages and polymers against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in maize seeds. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 17950.
  • Krishnamoorthy, V., Rajiv, S., 2017. An eco-friendly top down approach to nutrient incorporated electrospun seed coating for superior germination potential. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(1): 146-152.
  • Krishnamoorthy, V., Rajiv, S., 2018. Tailoring electrospun polymer blend carriers for nutrient delivery in seed coating for sustainable agriculture. Journal of Cleaner Production, 177: 69-78.
  • Pedrini, S., Balestrazzi, A., Madsen, M.D., Bhalsing, K., Hardegree, S.P., Dixon, K.W., Kildisheva, O.A., 2020. Seed enhancement: Getting seeds restoration‐ready. Restoration Ecology, 28: 266-275.
  • Pedrini, S., Merritt, D.J., Stevens, J., Dixon, K., 2017. Seed coating: Science or marketing spin? Trends Plant Science, 22(2): 106-116.
  • Pemula, G, Anand, A.V., Karthick, H., Pragya P., Anbazhagan T., Koyeli G., 2023. Nanostructured proteins for delivering drugs to diseased tissues. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials, 12(3): 115-129.
  • Qiu, J., Wang, R., Yan, J., Hu, J., 2005. Seed film coating with uniconazole improves rape seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under waterlogging stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 47(1): 75-81.
  • Rajah, R.A., Raja, K., Johnson, I., Marimuthu, S., Subramanian, A., 2025. Electrospinning applications in sustainable agriculture: Enhancing soil health, seed coatings and post-harvest antimicrobial protection. Plant Science Today, 12(sp1): 1-13.
  • Rocha, I, Ma, Y., Souza-Alonso, P., Vosátka, M., Freitas, H., Oliveira, R.S., 2019. Seed coating: a tool for delivering beneficial microbes to agricultural crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: 1357.
  • Rundlöf, M., Andersson, G.K., Bommarco, R., Fries, I., Hederström, V., Herbertsson, L., Smith, H.G., 2015. Seed coating with a neonicotinoid insecticide negatively affects wild bees. Nature, 521(7550): 77-80.
  • Shelar, A., Nile, S.H., Singh, A.V., Rothenstein, D., Bill, J., Xiao, J., 2023. Recent advances in nano-enabled seed treatment strategies for sustainable agriculture: Challenges, risk assessment, and future perspectives. Nano-Micro Letters, 15(1): 54.
  • Singh, S., Pathak, S., Singh, J., Kamboj, M., Singh, V., 2024. Nano-seed coating technologies for enhancing vegetable seed performance and stress tolerance. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, 25(6): 278-295.
  • Taylor, A.G., 2003. Seed treatments. In: B.D.J. Thomas and B.G. Murphy (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences, Elsevier Academic Press: Cambridge, UK, pp. 1291-1298.
  • Taylor, A.G., 2020. Seed storage, germination, quality and enhancements. In: H.C. Wien and H. Stutzel, (Eds.), The Physiology of Vegetable Crops, 2nd Edition, CAB International: Wallingford, UK, pp. 1-30.
  • Taylor, A.G., Eckenrode, C.J., Straub, R.W., 2001. Seed coating technologies and treatments for onion: challenges and progress. HortScience, 36(2): 199-205.
  • Taylor, A.G., Harman, G.E., 1990. Concepts and technologies of selected seed treatments. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 28: 321-339.
  • Van Nguyen, D., Nguyen, H.M., Le, N.T., Nguyen, K.H., Nguyen, H.T., Le, H.M., 2022. Copper nanoparticle application enhances plant growth and grain yield in maize under drought stress conditions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41(1): 364-375.
  • Xu, T., Ma, C., Aytac, Z., Hu, X., Ng, K.W., White, J.C., Demokritou, P., 2020. Enhancing agrichemical delivery and seedling development with biodegradable, tunable, biopolymer-based nanofiber seed coatings. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8(25): 9537-9548.
  • Zaim, N.S.H.B.H., Tan, H.L., Rahman, S.M.A., Abu Bakar, N.F., Osman, M.S., Thakur, V.K., Radacsi, N., 2023. Recent advances in seed coating treatment using nanoparticles and nanofibers for enhanced seed germination and protection. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42(12): 7374-7402.

Tohum Kaplama Teknolojileri ve Sürdürülebilir Tarım

Year 2026, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 75 - 81, 14.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1856778
https://izlik.org/JA97LM26CH

Abstract

Tohum kaplama teknolojileri, modern tarımda tohum performansını artırmak, çevresel streslere karşı koruma sağlamak ve tarımsal girdilerin etkinliğini optimize etmek için kullanılan önemli uygulamalardır. Tohum kaplama yöntemleri arasında kuru toz kaplama, tohum giydirme, film kaplama, mini peletleme, peletleme, elektrospun tohum kaplama, mikrokapsülleme ve nano-kaplama yer almaktadır. Geleneksel tohum kaplama yöntemleri uzun yıllardır kullanılmakta olsa da, son yıllarda nanoteknoloji, biyopolimer bilimi ve kontrollü salım sistemlerindeki gelişmeler, tohum kaplama teknolojilerinde önemli yenilikler getirmiştir. Bu derlemede, tohum kaplama yöntemleri hakkındaki mevcut literatür bilgileri özetlenmekte, geleneksel tohum kaplama yöntemlerinin ve nano-kaplama teknolojisinin sınırlamaları tartışılmakta ve tohum kaplamada nanoteknolojinin sürdürülebilir tarım açısından önemi vurgulanmaktadır.

References

  • Abrahimi, F., Taghvaei, M., Mastinu, A., 2023. Nano-organic coatings improve early vigor of Brassica napus L. seeds in water deficit. Agronomy, 13(2): 390-406.
  • Accinelli, C., Abbas, H.K., Little, N.S., Kotowicz, J.K., Mencarelli, M., Shier, W.T., 2016. A liquid bioplastic formulation for film coating of agronomic seeds. Crop Protection, 89: 123-128.
  • Adhikari, T., Kundu, S., Rao, A.S., 2016. Zinc delivery to plants through seed coating with nano-zinc oxide particles. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 39(1): 136-146.
  • Afzal, I., Javed, T., Amirkhani, M., Taylor, A.G., 2020. Modern seed technology: seed coating delivery systems for enhancing seed and crop performance. Agriculture, 10(11): 526.
  • Afzal, M., Khan, S., Iqbal, S., Mirza, M.S., Khan, Q.M., 2013. Inoculation method affects colonization and activity of Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN during phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 85: 331-336.
  • Anonymous, 2026. Seed Coating Market. (https://www.marketsandmarkets.com), (Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2026).
  • Badua, S.A., Sharda, A., Strasser, R., Cockerline, K., Ciampitti, I.A., 2019. Comparison of soy protein based and commercially available seed lubricants for seed flowability in row crop planters. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 35(4): 593-600.
  • Baranwal, J., Barse, B., Fais, A., Delogu, G.L., Kumar, A., 2022. Biopolymer: a sustainable material for food and medical applications. Polymers, 14(5): 983.
  • Chakkalakkal, N.D., Thomas, M., Chittillapilly, PS., Sujith, A., Anjali, P., 2022. Electrospun polymer nanocomposite membrane as a promising seed coat for controlled release of agrichemicals and improved germination: Towards a better agricultural prospect. Journal of Cleaner Production, 377: 134479.
  • Duman, İ., 2005. Tohumlarda Kaliteyi İyileştirici Uygulamalar. Ege Üniversitesi, Tohum Teknolojisi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi (TOTEM), Yayın No: 3, Cilt 2, İzmir.
  • Durgadevi, P., Girigoswami, K., Girigoswami, A., 2025. Biodegradable nanomaterials in boosting seed vigor and germination: seed coating towards sustainability. Discover Applied Science, 7(7): 695.
  • Ellis, R.H., 2004. Seed and seedling vigor in relation to crop growth and yield. Plant Growth Regulation, 11(3): 249-255.
  • Gong, M., He, J., Kong, M., Huo, Q., Jiang, Y., Song, J., Lv, G., 2023. A microencapsulation approach to design microbial seed coatings to boost wheat seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1283590.
  • Guardiola-Márquez, C.E., López-Mena, E.R., Segura-Jiménez, M.E., Gutierrez-Marmolejo, I., Flores-Matzumiya, M.A., Mora-Godínez, S., 2023. Development and evaluation of zinc and iron nanoparticles functionalized with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and microalgae for their application as bio-nanofertilizers. Plants, 12(20): 3657.
  • Halmer, P., 2000. Commercial seed treatment technology. In: M. Black and J.D. Bewley (Eds.), Seed Technology and Its Biological Basis, Sheffield Academic Press: Sheffield, UK, pp. 257-286.
  • Javed, T., Afzal, I., 2020. Impact of seed pelleting on germination potential, seedling growth and storage of tomato seed. Acta Horticulturae, 1273: 417-424.
  • Jacob, S.R., Kumar, M.A., Varghese, E., Sinha, S.N., 2016. Hydrophilic polymer film coat as a micro-container of individual seed facilitates safe storage of tomato seeds. Scientia Horticulturae, 204: 116-122.
  • Kangsopa, J., Hynes, R.K., Siri, B., 2018. Lettuce seeds pelleting: A new bilayer matrix for lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 46(3): 521-531.
  • Kaur, P., Sharma, N., Agrawal, R., 2024. “Seed treatment with biopolymers for alleviation of abiotic stresses in plants,” in nanotechnology for abiotic stress tolerance and management in crop plants. Academic Press, 21: 327-334.
  • Kimmelshue, C., Goggi, A.S., Cademartiri, R., 2019. The use of biological seed coatings based on bacteriophages and polymers against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in maize seeds. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 17950.
  • Krishnamoorthy, V., Rajiv, S., 2017. An eco-friendly top down approach to nutrient incorporated electrospun seed coating for superior germination potential. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(1): 146-152.
  • Krishnamoorthy, V., Rajiv, S., 2018. Tailoring electrospun polymer blend carriers for nutrient delivery in seed coating for sustainable agriculture. Journal of Cleaner Production, 177: 69-78.
  • Pedrini, S., Balestrazzi, A., Madsen, M.D., Bhalsing, K., Hardegree, S.P., Dixon, K.W., Kildisheva, O.A., 2020. Seed enhancement: Getting seeds restoration‐ready. Restoration Ecology, 28: 266-275.
  • Pedrini, S., Merritt, D.J., Stevens, J., Dixon, K., 2017. Seed coating: Science or marketing spin? Trends Plant Science, 22(2): 106-116.
  • Pemula, G, Anand, A.V., Karthick, H., Pragya P., Anbazhagan T., Koyeli G., 2023. Nanostructured proteins for delivering drugs to diseased tissues. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials, 12(3): 115-129.
  • Qiu, J., Wang, R., Yan, J., Hu, J., 2005. Seed film coating with uniconazole improves rape seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under waterlogging stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 47(1): 75-81.
  • Rajah, R.A., Raja, K., Johnson, I., Marimuthu, S., Subramanian, A., 2025. Electrospinning applications in sustainable agriculture: Enhancing soil health, seed coatings and post-harvest antimicrobial protection. Plant Science Today, 12(sp1): 1-13.
  • Rocha, I, Ma, Y., Souza-Alonso, P., Vosátka, M., Freitas, H., Oliveira, R.S., 2019. Seed coating: a tool for delivering beneficial microbes to agricultural crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: 1357.
  • Rundlöf, M., Andersson, G.K., Bommarco, R., Fries, I., Hederström, V., Herbertsson, L., Smith, H.G., 2015. Seed coating with a neonicotinoid insecticide negatively affects wild bees. Nature, 521(7550): 77-80.
  • Shelar, A., Nile, S.H., Singh, A.V., Rothenstein, D., Bill, J., Xiao, J., 2023. Recent advances in nano-enabled seed treatment strategies for sustainable agriculture: Challenges, risk assessment, and future perspectives. Nano-Micro Letters, 15(1): 54.
  • Singh, S., Pathak, S., Singh, J., Kamboj, M., Singh, V., 2024. Nano-seed coating technologies for enhancing vegetable seed performance and stress tolerance. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, 25(6): 278-295.
  • Taylor, A.G., 2003. Seed treatments. In: B.D.J. Thomas and B.G. Murphy (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences, Elsevier Academic Press: Cambridge, UK, pp. 1291-1298.
  • Taylor, A.G., 2020. Seed storage, germination, quality and enhancements. In: H.C. Wien and H. Stutzel, (Eds.), The Physiology of Vegetable Crops, 2nd Edition, CAB International: Wallingford, UK, pp. 1-30.
  • Taylor, A.G., Eckenrode, C.J., Straub, R.W., 2001. Seed coating technologies and treatments for onion: challenges and progress. HortScience, 36(2): 199-205.
  • Taylor, A.G., Harman, G.E., 1990. Concepts and technologies of selected seed treatments. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 28: 321-339.
  • Van Nguyen, D., Nguyen, H.M., Le, N.T., Nguyen, K.H., Nguyen, H.T., Le, H.M., 2022. Copper nanoparticle application enhances plant growth and grain yield in maize under drought stress conditions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41(1): 364-375.
  • Xu, T., Ma, C., Aytac, Z., Hu, X., Ng, K.W., White, J.C., Demokritou, P., 2020. Enhancing agrichemical delivery and seedling development with biodegradable, tunable, biopolymer-based nanofiber seed coatings. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8(25): 9537-9548.
  • Zaim, N.S.H.B.H., Tan, H.L., Rahman, S.M.A., Abu Bakar, N.F., Osman, M.S., Thakur, V.K., Radacsi, N., 2023. Recent advances in seed coating treatment using nanoparticles and nanofibers for enhanced seed germination and protection. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42(12): 7374-7402.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Crop and Pasture Biochemistry and Physiology
Journal Section Review
Authors

Ali Erkul 0000-0001-9211-7369

Submission Date January 5, 2026
Acceptance Date March 9, 2026
Publication Date March 14, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1856778
IZ https://izlik.org/JA97LM26CH
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Erkul, A. (2026). Tohum Kaplama Teknolojileri ve Sürdürülebilir Tarım. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13(1), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1856778
AMA 1.Erkul A. Tohum Kaplama Teknolojileri ve Sürdürülebilir Tarım. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2026;13(1):75-81. doi:10.19159/tutad.1856778
Chicago Erkul, Ali. 2026. “Tohum Kaplama Teknolojileri Ve Sürdürülebilir Tarım”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 13 (1): 75-81. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1856778.
EndNote Erkul A (March 1, 2026) Tohum Kaplama Teknolojileri ve Sürdürülebilir Tarım. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 13 1 75–81.
IEEE [1]A. Erkul, “Tohum Kaplama Teknolojileri ve Sürdürülebilir Tarım”, Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 75–81, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.19159/tutad.1856778.
ISNAD Erkul, Ali. “Tohum Kaplama Teknolojileri Ve Sürdürülebilir Tarım”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 13/1 (March 1, 2026): 75-81. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1856778.
JAMA 1.Erkul A. Tohum Kaplama Teknolojileri ve Sürdürülebilir Tarım. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2026;13:75–81.
MLA Erkul, Ali. “Tohum Kaplama Teknolojileri Ve Sürdürülebilir Tarım”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 75-81, doi:10.19159/tutad.1856778.
Vancouver 1.Ali Erkul. Tohum Kaplama Teknolojileri ve Sürdürülebilir Tarım. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2026 Mar. 1;13(1):75-81. doi:10.19159/tutad.1856778