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Influence of L-Tryptophan and Melatonin on Germination of Onion and Leek Seeds at Different Temperatures

Year 2019, , 214 - 221, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.559617

Abstract

In this study, the effects of pre-sowing L-Tryptophan and
Melatonin treatments on germination of onion and leek seeds under different
temperature conditions were investigated. Seeds were treated with 125, 250, 375
ppm L-Tryptophan and 5, 10, 25 uM Melatonin for 24 hours, then subjected to
germination tests at optimum (21 ˚C) chilling stress (7 ˚C) and hot temperature
(35˚C) conditions. Treated with distilled water seeds were considered as
controls. Treatment of onion seeds with 125 ppm L-tryptophan had a
significantly positive effect on final germination ratio at 7˚C while in leek
seeds, the 5 µM concentration of melatonin had a significant effect on the
germination index at the same temperature. In both Allium species, hormone treatments had no effect on mean
germination time. These values decreased depending on the increase in
temperature. The extreme level of high temperature burned certain percent of
seedlings, while at low temperature, seedlings were not harmed by cold
domination.

References

  • Abbas, S.H., Sohail, M., Saleem, M., Mahmood, T., Aziz, I., Qamar, M., Majeed, A., Arif, M., 2013. Effect of L-tryptophan on plant weight and pod weight in chickpea under rainfed conditions. Science, Technology and Development, 32(4): 277-280.
  • Abu-Rayyan, A., 2012. Onion seed germination as affected by temperature and light, International Journal of Vegetable, 18(1): 49-65.
  • Al-Maskri, A.Y., Khan, M.M., Iqbal, M.J., Abbas, M., 2004. Germinability, vigor and electrical conductivity changes in acceleratedly aged watermelon (Citrullus lanatus T.) seeds. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 2(3-4): 100-103.
  • Amjad, M., Anjum, M.A., 2002. Evaluation of physiological quality of onion seed stored for different periods, International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 4(3):365-369
  • Anonymous, 1999. International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Science and Technology 24 (supplemental document). International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Zürich, Switzerland.
  • Antony, E., Sridhar, K., Kumar, V., 2017. Effect of chemical sprays and management practices on Brachiaria ruziziensis seed, production. Field Crops Research, 211: 19-26.
  • Arnao, M.B., Hernandez-Ruiz, J., 2006. The physiological function of melatonin in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 1(3): 89-95.
  • Bajwa, V.S., Shukla, M.R., Sherif, S.M., Murch, S.J., Saxena, P.K., 2014. Role of melatonin in alleviating cold stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Pineal Research, 56(3): 238-245.
  • Black, M., Bewley, J.D., Halmer, P., 2006. The Encyclopedia of Seeds Science. Technology and Uses, CABI, Oxford.
  • Borowski, E., Michałek, S., 2006. The effect of seed conditioning on the emergence and early growth of onion and carrot seedlings. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio EEE, 16: 119-129.
  • Caniş, K., 2006. Origanum husnucan-baseri (Lamiaceae) de tohum çimlenmesinin araştırılması. Yüksek lisans tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Antalya.
  • Chen, Q., Qi, W.B., Reiter, R.J., Wei, W., Wang, B.M., 2009. Exogenously applied melatonin stimulates root growth and raises endogenous indoleacetic acid in roots of etiolated seedlings of Brassica juncea. Journal of Plant Physiology, 166(3): 324-328.
  • Come, D., Tissaoui, T., 1973. Interrelated Effects of Imbibition, Temperature and Oxygen on Seed Germination. Seed Ecology, London, pp. 157-167.
  • De Souza, A., García, D., Sueiro, L, Gilart, F., 2014. Improvement of the seed germination, growth and yield of onion plants by extremely low frequency non-uniform magnetic fields. Scientia Horticulturae, 176: 63-69.
  • Farooq, M., Aziz, T., Rehman, H., Rehman, A., Cheema, S.A., Aziz, T., 2011. Evaluating surface drying and re-drying for wheat seed priming with polyamines: effects on emergence, early seedling growth, and starch metabolism. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 33(5): 1707-1713.
  • Fenner, M., 2000. Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
  • Frankenberger, W., Arshad, M., 1991. Yield response of watermelon and muskmelon to L-tryptophan applied to the soil. Horticultural Science, 26(1): 35-37.
  • Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A.G., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S., 1981. A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology, 69: 1017-1059.
  • Gulliver, R.L., Heydecker, W., 1973. Establishment of Seedlings in a Changeable Environment. Seed Ecology, London, pp. 433-461.
  • Hanci, F., Cebeci, E., Mendi, Y.Y., 2012. Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on germination performance of some local onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae, 960(29): 203-209
  • Hattori, A., Migitaka, H., Iigo, M., Itoh, M., Yamamoto, K., Ohtani-Kaneko, R., Hara, M., Suzuki, T., Reiter, R.J., 1995. Identification of melatonin in plants and its effects on plasma melatonin levels and binding to melatonin receptors in vertebrates. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology İnternational, 35(3): 627-634.
  • Hernandez-Ruiz, J., Cano, A., Arnao, M.B., 2005. Melatonin acts as a growth-stimulating compound in some monocot species. Journal of Pineal Research, 39(2): 137-142.
  • Karaca, A., 2013. Dışarıdan yapılan melatonin uygulamaları ile biberde çimlenme sırasında üşüme stresine karşı toleransın arttırılması. Yüksek lisans tezi, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Basılmamış), Kahramanmaraş.
  • Kevseroğlu, K., 1993. Doğal floradan toplanan datura (Datura stramonium L.) tohumlarının çimlenmesine bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal işlemlerin etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 17: 727-735.
  • Khan, H.A., Ayub, C.M., Pervez, M.A., Bilal, R.M., Shahid, M.A., Ziaf, K., 2009a. Effect of seed priming with NaCl on salinity tolerance of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) at seedling stage. Soil and Environment, 28: 81-87.
  • Khan, H.A., Pervez, M.A., Ayub, C.M., Ziaf, K., Bilal, R.M., Shahid, M.A., Akhtar, N., 2009b. Hormonal priming alleviates salt stress in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Soil and Environment, 28: 130-135.
  • Khodary, S.E.A., 1992. Effect of salinity and tryptophan on growth and some metabolic changes in wheat and sorghum plants. Biologica Plantarum, 34(5-6): 439-443.
  • Korkmaz, A., Karaca, A., Kocaçınar, F., Cuci, Y., 2017. The Effects of Seed Treatment with Melatonin on Germination and Emergence Performance of Pepper Seeds under Chilling Stress. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23(2): 167-176.
  • Lerner, A.B., Case, J.D., Takahashi, Y., Lee, T.H., Mori, W., 1958. Isolation of melatonin, the pineal gland factor that lightens melanocytes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 80(10): 2587-2587.
  • Li, C.X., Feng, S.L., Shao, Y., Jiang, L.N., Lu, X.Y., Hao, X.L., 2007. Effects of arsenic on seed germination and physiological activities of wheat seedlings. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19(6): 725-732.
  • Mercedes, F., Carbonell, M.V., Martinez, E., 2007. Exposure of maize seeds to stationary magnetic fields: Effects on germination and early growth. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 59(1): 68-75.
  • Nawaz, M.A., Huang, Y., Bie, Z., Ahmed, W., Reiter, R.J., Niu, M., Hameed, S., 2016. Melatonin: current status and future perspec- tives in plant science. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6: 1-13.
  • Nematollah, E., Maryam, H., Najmeh, Z., 2011. Optimizing seed germination threatened endemic species of the Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium boiss.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(25): 5650-5655.
  • Palego, L., Betti, L., Rossi, A., Giannaccini, G., 2016. Tryptophan biochemistry: Structural, nutritional, metabolic, and medical aspects in human. Journal of Amino Acids, 1-13.
  • Parvez, M.A., Muhammad, F., Ahmad, M., 2000. Effect of auxin precursor (L-tryptophan) on the growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 3(7): 1154-1155.
  • Pimpini, F., Filippini, M.F., Gianquinto, G., 1993. The influence of temperature and light on seed germination of radicchio (Chicorium intybus L. var. silvestre Bishoff). Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 21(1): 69-83.
  • Posmyk, M., Balabusta, M., Wieczorek, M., Sliwinska, E., Janas, K.M., 2009. Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds improves germination during chilling stress. Journal of Pineal Research, 46(2): 214-223.
  • Simlat, M., Ptak, A., Skrzypek, E., Warchoł, M., Morańska, E., Piorkowska, E.i 2018. Melatonin significantly influences seed germination and seedling growth of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. PeerJ-the Journal of Life and Environmental Sciences, 6: e5009.
  • Takahashi, T., Kakehi, J., 2010. Polyamines: ubiquitous polycations with unique roles in growth and stress responses. Annals of Botany, 105: 1-6.
  • Tıpırdamaz, R., Gömürgen, A.N., 2000. The effects of temperature and gibberellic acid on germination of Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb. seeds. Turkish Journal of Botany, 24: 143-145.
  • Tiryaki, İ., Keleş, H., 2012. Reversal of the inhibitory effect of light and high temperature on germination of Phacelia tanacetifolia seeds by melatonin. Journal of Pineal Research, 52(3): 332-339.
  • Wei, W., Li, Chu, Q.T., Reiter, Y.N., Yu, R.J., Zhu, X.M., Zhang, D.H., Ma, W.K., Lin, B., Zhang, Q., Chen, J.S., 2015. Melatonin enhances plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance in soybean plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66(3): 695-707.
  • Zhang, N., Zhao, B., Zhang, H.J., Weeda, S.,Yang, C., Yang, Z.C., Ren, S., Guo, Y.D., 2013. Melatonin promotes water-stress tolerance, lat- eral root formation, and seed germination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Journal of Pineal Research, 54(1): 15-23.
  • Zhang, N., Sun, Q., Li, H, Li, X., Cao, Y., Zhang, H., Li, S., Zhang, L., Qi, Y., Ren, S., Zhao, B., Guo, Y.D., 2016. Melatonin improved anthocyanin accumulation by regulating gene expressions and resulted in high reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity in cabbage, Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 197.
  • Zhang, N., Zhang, H., Sun, Q., Cao, Y., Li, X., Zhao, B., Wu, P., Guo, Y., 2017. Proteomic analysis reveals a role of melatonin in promoting cucumber seed germination under high salinity by regulating energy production. Scientific Reports, 7(503): 1-15.

Influence of L-Tryptophan and Melatonin on Germination of Onion and Leek Seeds at Different Temperatures

Year 2019, , 214 - 221, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.559617

Abstract

The aim of the study was to
evaluate the influence of different L-tryptophan and melatonin concentrations on
several germination parameters of onion and leek seeds under low and
high-temperature conditions. The experiments
were carried out in laboratories of the
Erciyes University.
Seeds were treated with 125, 250, 375 ppm L-Tryptophan and 5, 10, 25 uM
Melatonin for 24 hours, then subjected to germination tests at optimum (21
oC)
chilling stress (7
oC) and hot temperature (35 oC)
conditions. Seeds not treated were considered as controls. Treatment of onion
seeds with 125 ppm L-tryptophan had a significantly positive effect on final
germination ratio at 7
oC while in leek seeds, the 5 µM
concentration of melatonin had a significant effect on the germination index at
the same temperature. In both Allium species, hormone treatments had no effect
on mean germination time. These values decreased depending on the increase in
temperature. The extreme level of high temperature burned certain percent of
seedlings, while at low temperature, seedlings were not harmed by cold
domination.

References

  • Abbas, S.H., Sohail, M., Saleem, M., Mahmood, T., Aziz, I., Qamar, M., Majeed, A., Arif, M., 2013. Effect of L-tryptophan on plant weight and pod weight in chickpea under rainfed conditions. Science, Technology and Development, 32(4): 277-280.
  • Abu-Rayyan, A., 2012. Onion seed germination as affected by temperature and light, International Journal of Vegetable, 18(1): 49-65.
  • Al-Maskri, A.Y., Khan, M.M., Iqbal, M.J., Abbas, M., 2004. Germinability, vigor and electrical conductivity changes in acceleratedly aged watermelon (Citrullus lanatus T.) seeds. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 2(3-4): 100-103.
  • Amjad, M., Anjum, M.A., 2002. Evaluation of physiological quality of onion seed stored for different periods, International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 4(3):365-369
  • Anonymous, 1999. International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Science and Technology 24 (supplemental document). International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Zürich, Switzerland.
  • Antony, E., Sridhar, K., Kumar, V., 2017. Effect of chemical sprays and management practices on Brachiaria ruziziensis seed, production. Field Crops Research, 211: 19-26.
  • Arnao, M.B., Hernandez-Ruiz, J., 2006. The physiological function of melatonin in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 1(3): 89-95.
  • Bajwa, V.S., Shukla, M.R., Sherif, S.M., Murch, S.J., Saxena, P.K., 2014. Role of melatonin in alleviating cold stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Pineal Research, 56(3): 238-245.
  • Black, M., Bewley, J.D., Halmer, P., 2006. The Encyclopedia of Seeds Science. Technology and Uses, CABI, Oxford.
  • Borowski, E., Michałek, S., 2006. The effect of seed conditioning on the emergence and early growth of onion and carrot seedlings. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio EEE, 16: 119-129.
  • Caniş, K., 2006. Origanum husnucan-baseri (Lamiaceae) de tohum çimlenmesinin araştırılması. Yüksek lisans tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Antalya.
  • Chen, Q., Qi, W.B., Reiter, R.J., Wei, W., Wang, B.M., 2009. Exogenously applied melatonin stimulates root growth and raises endogenous indoleacetic acid in roots of etiolated seedlings of Brassica juncea. Journal of Plant Physiology, 166(3): 324-328.
  • Come, D., Tissaoui, T., 1973. Interrelated Effects of Imbibition, Temperature and Oxygen on Seed Germination. Seed Ecology, London, pp. 157-167.
  • De Souza, A., García, D., Sueiro, L, Gilart, F., 2014. Improvement of the seed germination, growth and yield of onion plants by extremely low frequency non-uniform magnetic fields. Scientia Horticulturae, 176: 63-69.
  • Farooq, M., Aziz, T., Rehman, H., Rehman, A., Cheema, S.A., Aziz, T., 2011. Evaluating surface drying and re-drying for wheat seed priming with polyamines: effects on emergence, early seedling growth, and starch metabolism. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 33(5): 1707-1713.
  • Fenner, M., 2000. Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
  • Frankenberger, W., Arshad, M., 1991. Yield response of watermelon and muskmelon to L-tryptophan applied to the soil. Horticultural Science, 26(1): 35-37.
  • Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A.G., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S., 1981. A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology, 69: 1017-1059.
  • Gulliver, R.L., Heydecker, W., 1973. Establishment of Seedlings in a Changeable Environment. Seed Ecology, London, pp. 433-461.
  • Hanci, F., Cebeci, E., Mendi, Y.Y., 2012. Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on germination performance of some local onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae, 960(29): 203-209
  • Hattori, A., Migitaka, H., Iigo, M., Itoh, M., Yamamoto, K., Ohtani-Kaneko, R., Hara, M., Suzuki, T., Reiter, R.J., 1995. Identification of melatonin in plants and its effects on plasma melatonin levels and binding to melatonin receptors in vertebrates. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology İnternational, 35(3): 627-634.
  • Hernandez-Ruiz, J., Cano, A., Arnao, M.B., 2005. Melatonin acts as a growth-stimulating compound in some monocot species. Journal of Pineal Research, 39(2): 137-142.
  • Karaca, A., 2013. Dışarıdan yapılan melatonin uygulamaları ile biberde çimlenme sırasında üşüme stresine karşı toleransın arttırılması. Yüksek lisans tezi, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Basılmamış), Kahramanmaraş.
  • Kevseroğlu, K., 1993. Doğal floradan toplanan datura (Datura stramonium L.) tohumlarının çimlenmesine bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal işlemlerin etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 17: 727-735.
  • Khan, H.A., Ayub, C.M., Pervez, M.A., Bilal, R.M., Shahid, M.A., Ziaf, K., 2009a. Effect of seed priming with NaCl on salinity tolerance of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) at seedling stage. Soil and Environment, 28: 81-87.
  • Khan, H.A., Pervez, M.A., Ayub, C.M., Ziaf, K., Bilal, R.M., Shahid, M.A., Akhtar, N., 2009b. Hormonal priming alleviates salt stress in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Soil and Environment, 28: 130-135.
  • Khodary, S.E.A., 1992. Effect of salinity and tryptophan on growth and some metabolic changes in wheat and sorghum plants. Biologica Plantarum, 34(5-6): 439-443.
  • Korkmaz, A., Karaca, A., Kocaçınar, F., Cuci, Y., 2017. The Effects of Seed Treatment with Melatonin on Germination and Emergence Performance of Pepper Seeds under Chilling Stress. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23(2): 167-176.
  • Lerner, A.B., Case, J.D., Takahashi, Y., Lee, T.H., Mori, W., 1958. Isolation of melatonin, the pineal gland factor that lightens melanocytes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 80(10): 2587-2587.
  • Li, C.X., Feng, S.L., Shao, Y., Jiang, L.N., Lu, X.Y., Hao, X.L., 2007. Effects of arsenic on seed germination and physiological activities of wheat seedlings. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19(6): 725-732.
  • Mercedes, F., Carbonell, M.V., Martinez, E., 2007. Exposure of maize seeds to stationary magnetic fields: Effects on germination and early growth. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 59(1): 68-75.
  • Nawaz, M.A., Huang, Y., Bie, Z., Ahmed, W., Reiter, R.J., Niu, M., Hameed, S., 2016. Melatonin: current status and future perspec- tives in plant science. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6: 1-13.
  • Nematollah, E., Maryam, H., Najmeh, Z., 2011. Optimizing seed germination threatened endemic species of the Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium boiss.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(25): 5650-5655.
  • Palego, L., Betti, L., Rossi, A., Giannaccini, G., 2016. Tryptophan biochemistry: Structural, nutritional, metabolic, and medical aspects in human. Journal of Amino Acids, 1-13.
  • Parvez, M.A., Muhammad, F., Ahmad, M., 2000. Effect of auxin precursor (L-tryptophan) on the growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 3(7): 1154-1155.
  • Pimpini, F., Filippini, M.F., Gianquinto, G., 1993. The influence of temperature and light on seed germination of radicchio (Chicorium intybus L. var. silvestre Bishoff). Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 21(1): 69-83.
  • Posmyk, M., Balabusta, M., Wieczorek, M., Sliwinska, E., Janas, K.M., 2009. Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds improves germination during chilling stress. Journal of Pineal Research, 46(2): 214-223.
  • Simlat, M., Ptak, A., Skrzypek, E., Warchoł, M., Morańska, E., Piorkowska, E.i 2018. Melatonin significantly influences seed germination and seedling growth of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. PeerJ-the Journal of Life and Environmental Sciences, 6: e5009.
  • Takahashi, T., Kakehi, J., 2010. Polyamines: ubiquitous polycations with unique roles in growth and stress responses. Annals of Botany, 105: 1-6.
  • Tıpırdamaz, R., Gömürgen, A.N., 2000. The effects of temperature and gibberellic acid on germination of Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb. seeds. Turkish Journal of Botany, 24: 143-145.
  • Tiryaki, İ., Keleş, H., 2012. Reversal of the inhibitory effect of light and high temperature on germination of Phacelia tanacetifolia seeds by melatonin. Journal of Pineal Research, 52(3): 332-339.
  • Wei, W., Li, Chu, Q.T., Reiter, Y.N., Yu, R.J., Zhu, X.M., Zhang, D.H., Ma, W.K., Lin, B., Zhang, Q., Chen, J.S., 2015. Melatonin enhances plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance in soybean plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66(3): 695-707.
  • Zhang, N., Zhao, B., Zhang, H.J., Weeda, S.,Yang, C., Yang, Z.C., Ren, S., Guo, Y.D., 2013. Melatonin promotes water-stress tolerance, lat- eral root formation, and seed germination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Journal of Pineal Research, 54(1): 15-23.
  • Zhang, N., Sun, Q., Li, H, Li, X., Cao, Y., Zhang, H., Li, S., Zhang, L., Qi, Y., Ren, S., Zhao, B., Guo, Y.D., 2016. Melatonin improved anthocyanin accumulation by regulating gene expressions and resulted in high reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity in cabbage, Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 197.
  • Zhang, N., Zhang, H., Sun, Q., Cao, Y., Li, X., Zhao, B., Wu, P., Guo, Y., 2017. Proteomic analysis reveals a role of melatonin in promoting cucumber seed germination under high salinity by regulating energy production. Scientific Reports, 7(503): 1-15.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatih Hancı 0000-0002-2015-0351

Mehmet Çıngı This is me 0000-0001-8030-2874

Hakan Akıncı This is me 0000-0003-1138-716X

Publication Date June 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

APA Hancı, F., Çıngı, M., & Akıncı, H. (2019). Influence of L-Tryptophan and Melatonin on Germination of Onion and Leek Seeds at Different Temperatures. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(2), 214-221. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.559617
AMA Hancı F, Çıngı M, Akıncı H. Influence of L-Tryptophan and Melatonin on Germination of Onion and Leek Seeds at Different Temperatures. TÜTAD. June 2019;6(2):214-221. doi:10.19159/tutad.559617
Chicago Hancı, Fatih, Mehmet Çıngı, and Hakan Akıncı. “Influence of L-Tryptophan and Melatonin on Germination of Onion and Leek Seeds at Different Temperatures”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6, no. 2 (June 2019): 214-21. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.559617.
EndNote Hancı F, Çıngı M, Akıncı H (June 1, 2019) Influence of L-Tryptophan and Melatonin on Germination of Onion and Leek Seeds at Different Temperatures. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6 2 214–221.
IEEE F. Hancı, M. Çıngı, and H. Akıncı, “Influence of L-Tryptophan and Melatonin on Germination of Onion and Leek Seeds at Different Temperatures”, TÜTAD, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 214–221, 2019, doi: 10.19159/tutad.559617.
ISNAD Hancı, Fatih et al. “Influence of L-Tryptophan and Melatonin on Germination of Onion and Leek Seeds at Different Temperatures”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6/2 (June 2019), 214-221. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.559617.
JAMA Hancı F, Çıngı M, Akıncı H. Influence of L-Tryptophan and Melatonin on Germination of Onion and Leek Seeds at Different Temperatures. TÜTAD. 2019;6:214–221.
MLA Hancı, Fatih et al. “Influence of L-Tryptophan and Melatonin on Germination of Onion and Leek Seeds at Different Temperatures”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 2, 2019, pp. 214-21, doi:10.19159/tutad.559617.
Vancouver Hancı F, Çıngı M, Akıncı H. Influence of L-Tryptophan and Melatonin on Germination of Onion and Leek Seeds at Different Temperatures. TÜTAD. 2019;6(2):214-21.

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