Madendere Havzası Topraklarında Arazi Kullanım/Arazi Örtüsü ile Bazı Erozyon Duyarlılık İndeksleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Dünyanın birçok bölgesi için, verimli toprak katmanlarını taşıyıp toprak üretkenliğini azaltan, topraktaki organik madde miktarını ve besin maddelerini azaltıp toprağı sığlaştırarak arazi bozulmasına neden olan en önemli olaylardan birisi toprak erozyondur. Bu nedenle erozyon araştırmaları toprakla ilgili yapılan araştırmalar arasında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Madendere Havzası topraklarında arazi kullanım/arazi örtüsü ile bazı erozyon duyarlılık indeksleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Havzanın arazi kullanımı ve arazi örtü dağılımı belirlemek için Geoeye-2013 uydu görüntüsü kullanılmıştır. Orman örtüsü havzanın en geniş alanını kaplarken (% 38.6), toplam alanın % 3.6 ile yerleşim alanı en az dağılım alanına sahiptir. Havzadan grid yöntemine göre her 200 m mesafeden ve 0-20 cm den toprak derinliğindenalınan 71 adet toprak örneklerinde erozyon oranı, dispersiyon oranı, erodobilite, agregat stabilitesi belirlenerek havza topraklarının erozyona hassaslıkları belirlenmiştir. Farklı arazi kullanımı ve arazi örtüsünden alınan toprak örneklerinde yapılan aşınıma duyarlılık analizleri sonuçlarına göre, havza topraklarının erozyona karşı yüksek derecede duyarlı oldukları belirlenmiş ve bu duruma karşı alınması gereken önlemlere yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
References
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- Anonymous, 1999. Soil Taxonomy. A Basic of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Survey. U.S.D.A Handbook No: 436, Washington D.C.
- Aronoff, S., 1989. Geographic Information Systems: A Management Perspective. WLD Publications, Ottawa.
- Bajracharya, R.M., Elliot, W.J., Lal, R., 1992. Interrill erodibility of some Ohio soils based on field rainfall simulation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56: 267-272.
- Balcı, N., Özyuvacı, N., 1974. Türkiye’nin iki farklı bölgesinde yer alan topraklarda erozyon eğiliminin ana materyal, bakı,arazi kullanma şekli ve örnekleme derinliğine bağlı olarak değişimi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri A, (2): 79-107.
- Barthes, B., Roose, E., 2002. Aggregate stability as an indicator of soil susceptibility to runoff and erosion; validation at several levels. Catena, 47: 133-149.
- Başkan, O., Dengiz, O., 2008. Comparision of traditional and geostatistical methods to estimate soil erodibility factor. Arid Land Research and Management, 22: 29-45.
- Bryan, R.B., 1968. The development, use and efficiency of indices of soij erodibility. Geoderma, 2: 2-25.
- De Kimpe, C.R., Warkentin, B.P., 1998. Soil function and the future of natural resources. Advanges in GeoEcology, 31: 3-10.
- Erol, A., Babalık, A.A., Sönmez, K., Serin, N., 2009. Isparta-Darıderesi Havzası topraklarında erozyona duyarlılığın arazi kullanım şekillerine bağlı değişimi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri A, 2: 21-36.
- Hinton, J.C., 1996. GIS and remote sensing integration for environmental applications. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 10: 877-890.
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- Lal, R., 1988. Soil erosion research methods. Soil and Water Conservation Society, USA. Laboratory experimental study of soil crusting: Relations between aggregate breakdown mechanisms and crust structure. Catena, 16: 377- 392.
- Legout, C., Leguedois, S., Le Bissonnais, Y., 2005. Aggregate breakdown dynamics under rainfall compared with aggregate stability measurements. European Journal of Soil Science, 56: 225-237.
- Lehrsch, G.A., Jolley, P.M., 1992. Temporal changes in wet aggregate stability. Transactions of the ASAE, 35: 493-498.
- Middleton, H.E., 1930. Properties of soils which influence erosion. USDA Technical Bulletin 178: 1- 16.
- Miller, W.P., Baharrudin, M.K., 1987. Interrill erodibility of highly weathered soils. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 18: 933-945.
- Rejman, J., Turski, R., Paluszek, J., 1998. Spatial and temporal variations in erodibility of loess soil. Soil and Tillage Research, 46: 61-68.
- Sönmez, K., 1982. Van yöresi topraklarında fosforik asit triple süperfosfat ve ahır gübresinin agregasyon agregat stabilitesi ve kırılma değeri üzerine etkileri. Profesörlük takdim tezi (Basılmamış), Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Erzurum.
- Wallis, J.R., Stewan, L., 1961. Erodibility of some california Midlands soils related to their cations exchange capacity. J. Geop. Res., 66: 1225-1230.
- Wasson, R., 1987. Detection and measurement of land degradation processes. In Chisholm A, Dumsday R (eds), Land Degradation: Problems and Policies, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, pp. 49-69.
- Wischmeier, W.H., Mannering, J.V., 1969. Relations of soil properties to its erodibility. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 33: 131-137.
- Wischmeier, W.H., Smith, D.D., 1978. Predicting rainfall erosion losses: A guide to conservation planning. Agricultural Handbook No: 537. United States Department of Agricultural Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, Washington, DC.
Abstract
In many regions of the world, soil erosion is one of the main land degradation processes that reduce the soil productivity by removing fertile topsoil layers, thus decreasing levels of organic matter and the nutrients. Therefore erosion researches constitute an important part of the research on the soils. The aim of this research is the determination of the relationship between land use/land cover and some erodibility indices in Madendere Watershed soils. Land use and land cover classes were generated from Geoeye-2013 image data classification. Forest is the highest land cover in the study area and has about 38.6 % of the total area, while the lowest land cover is settlement which is about 3.6%. Erosion ratio, dispersion ratio, soil erodibility and aggregate stability were determined for 71 each soil samples collected according to grid method from each 200 m distance point and 0-20 cm soil depth in Watershed. According to the results of erodibility analysis for soil samples taken from different land uses and land covers, it was determined that the soils of watershed are high erodible soils. For 1that reason, it was given some suggestions to take some mesurments for this watershed
References
- Anderson, J.R., Hardy, E.E., Roach, J.T., Witmer, R.E., 1976. A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 964, Le Bissonnais, Y., Bruand, A., Jamagne, M., 2007. Washington, DC.
- Anonymous, 1999. Soil Taxonomy. A Basic of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Survey. U.S.D.A Handbook No: 436, Washington D.C.
- Aronoff, S., 1989. Geographic Information Systems: A Management Perspective. WLD Publications, Ottawa.
- Bajracharya, R.M., Elliot, W.J., Lal, R., 1992. Interrill erodibility of some Ohio soils based on field rainfall simulation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56: 267-272.
- Balcı, N., Özyuvacı, N., 1974. Türkiye’nin iki farklı bölgesinde yer alan topraklarda erozyon eğiliminin ana materyal, bakı,arazi kullanma şekli ve örnekleme derinliğine bağlı olarak değişimi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri A, (2): 79-107.
- Barthes, B., Roose, E., 2002. Aggregate stability as an indicator of soil susceptibility to runoff and erosion; validation at several levels. Catena, 47: 133-149.
- Başkan, O., Dengiz, O., 2008. Comparision of traditional and geostatistical methods to estimate soil erodibility factor. Arid Land Research and Management, 22: 29-45.
- Bryan, R.B., 1968. The development, use and efficiency of indices of soij erodibility. Geoderma, 2: 2-25.
- De Kimpe, C.R., Warkentin, B.P., 1998. Soil function and the future of natural resources. Advanges in GeoEcology, 31: 3-10.
- Erol, A., Babalık, A.A., Sönmez, K., Serin, N., 2009. Isparta-Darıderesi Havzası topraklarında erozyona duyarlılığın arazi kullanım şekillerine bağlı değişimi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri A, 2: 21-36.
- Hinton, J.C., 1996. GIS and remote sensing integration for environmental applications. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 10: 877-890.
- Kemper, W.D., Rosenau, R.C., 1986. Aggregate stability and size distribution. Editor: Klute, A., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I-Physical and Mineralocigal Methods, 2nd ed., SSSA Book Series No: 5, SSA and ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 425-442.
- Lal, R., 1988. Soil erosion research methods. Soil and Water Conservation Society, USA. Laboratory experimental study of soil crusting: Relations between aggregate breakdown mechanisms and crust structure. Catena, 16: 377- 392.
- Legout, C., Leguedois, S., Le Bissonnais, Y., 2005. Aggregate breakdown dynamics under rainfall compared with aggregate stability measurements. European Journal of Soil Science, 56: 225-237.
- Lehrsch, G.A., Jolley, P.M., 1992. Temporal changes in wet aggregate stability. Transactions of the ASAE, 35: 493-498.
- Middleton, H.E., 1930. Properties of soils which influence erosion. USDA Technical Bulletin 178: 1- 16.
- Miller, W.P., Baharrudin, M.K., 1987. Interrill erodibility of highly weathered soils. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 18: 933-945.
- Rejman, J., Turski, R., Paluszek, J., 1998. Spatial and temporal variations in erodibility of loess soil. Soil and Tillage Research, 46: 61-68.
- Sönmez, K., 1982. Van yöresi topraklarında fosforik asit triple süperfosfat ve ahır gübresinin agregasyon agregat stabilitesi ve kırılma değeri üzerine etkileri. Profesörlük takdim tezi (Basılmamış), Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Erzurum.
- Wallis, J.R., Stewan, L., 1961. Erodibility of some california Midlands soils related to their cations exchange capacity. J. Geop. Res., 66: 1225-1230.
- Wasson, R., 1987. Detection and measurement of land degradation processes. In Chisholm A, Dumsday R (eds), Land Degradation: Problems and Policies, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, pp. 49-69.
- Wischmeier, W.H., Mannering, J.V., 1969. Relations of soil properties to its erodibility. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 33: 131-137.
- Wischmeier, W.H., Smith, D.D., 1978. Predicting rainfall erosion losses: A guide to conservation planning. Agricultural Handbook No: 537. United States Department of Agricultural Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, Washington, DC.
Details
| Journal Section | Research Article |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 31, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2015 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 |
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ILGAR DAĞI PERİGLASYAL ŞEKİLLERİ ÜZERİNDE OLUŞMUŞ TOPRAKLARIN EROZYON DUYARLILIKLARININ BELİRLENMESİ VE YAPAY SİNİR AĞI (YPA) İLE TAHMİN EDİLMESİ
lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education
https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1097942
TARANILAN DİZİNLER