Su Taşkınına Maruz Kalan Bitkilerde Kök Gelişimi ve Hormonal Değişiklikler

Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 89 - 95, 31.03.2016

İlkay Yavaş , Aydın Ünay

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.67661

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Su taşkını meydana gelen topraklarda havanın yerini su almaktadır. Su taşkını, toprağın suya doygun olduğu
koşullarda bitki köklerinin toprakta yeterli oksijen olmaması nedeniyle normal bir solunum yapamadığı ciddi bir problemdir.
Kökler, su taşkınlarından kaynaklı oksijen eksikliğinde doğrudan ve ilk olarak etkilenen organlardır. Su taşkını süresince,
bitki kök gelişimi engellenebilmekte ve kök ölümlerine neden olabilmektedir. Su taşkınlarına bitkilerin tepkisi su taşkınının
meydana gelme zamanı, toprağın su altında kalma süresi ve bitkinin cinsi, türü ve tür içerisindeki farklılıklarına bağlı olarak
değişmektedir. Aerenkima oluşumu ve adventif kökler uzun süreli su taşkınlarında hipoksi ve anoksi koşullara bitkilerin
verdiği en yaygın tepkiler arasında yer almaktadır. Oksijenden yoksun kök sistemleri ile hem kök hem sürgün gelişimi için
yetersiz besin maddesi alımı gerçekleşir. Toprak üstü aksamda su taşkınına duyarlı ya da daha az toleranslı bitkiler
fotosentez kapasitesinde meydana gelen önemli azalmalar nedeniyle zarar görebilmektedir. Fotosentez kapasitesindeki
düşüşün en önemli nedeni ise stomatal açıklıktaki azalmadır. Su taşkınının diğer bir etkisi ise, büyüme ve yaprak
genişlemesini sağlayan bazı bitki hormonlarının engellenmesidir. Ayrıca etilen hormonu kök bölgesindeki oksijensizliğe
karşı bitkilerin hayatta kalabilmesi için artış göstermektedir. Bu makalede, su taşkınlarının bitkilerin köklerinde oluşturduğu
değişimler ve hormonsal tepkiler incelenmiştir.

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