Mitogenome Characterization of Turkish Anatolian Donkey (Equus asinus) and Its Phylogenetic Relationships

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 257 - 267, 31.10.2019

Osman İbiş

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.569435

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize first mitogenome of Anatolian
donkey in Turkey and to contribute to revealing its phylogenetics
relationships. Whole mitogenome belonging to one sample of the
Anatolian donkey was characterized with Long-Range PCR and Next-Generation
Sequencing technique and phylogenetic analyses were performed using Bayesian,
Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor-Joining methods. The complete mitogenome is a
typical circular DNA molecule of 16.551 base pair in length that contained 13
protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one
non-coding control region (D-loop). The average nucleotide composition of the
mitogenome is in the range of mammalian mitogenomes; 32.32% for adenine, 25.78%
for thymine, 28.67% for cytosine and 13.23% for guanine; adenine + thymine
content (58.10%) was higher than guanine + cytosine content (41.90%). A total
of 14 transfer RNA, 12 protein coding and 2 ribosomal RNA genes were encoded on
the heavy strand, and 8 transfer RNA and one protein coding (ND6) gene were
encoded on the light strand. The gene structure, organization and compositions
were similar to other equids. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the Turkish
Anatolian donkey was closer to the Chinese domestic donkey rather than to the
European domestic donkeys, and it may have originated from the African wild
donkeys (such as Somali wild donkey). This study provided reference mitogenomic
data of Anatolian donkey for further molecular studies of the Turkish donkeys
and other equids. 

Keywords

Equus asinus, Next-Generation Sequencing, mtDNA, phylogeny

Türkiye Anadolu Eşeği (Equus asinus)’nin Mitogenom Karakterizasyonu ve Filogenetik İlişkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı,
Türkiye Anadolu eşeği (Equus asinus)’nin ilk mitogenom karakterizasyonunu yapmak ve filogenetik ilişkilerinin
ortaya çıkarılmasına katkı sağlamaktır. Anadolu eşeğine ait bir örneğin komple
mitokondriyal genomu, Long-Range PCR ve Yeni Nesil Dizileme tekniği ile karakterize edilmiş ve Bayesian, Maksimum
Likelihood ve Neighbor-Joining metotlarıyla filogenetik analizler yapılmıştır.
Komple mitogenom, 13 protein kodlayan gen, 22 taşıyıcı RNA, 2 ribozomal RNA ve
bir kodlama yapmayan kontrol bölgesi (D-loop) içeren, 16.551 baz çifti
uzunluğunda tipik dairesel DNA moleküldür. Mitogenomun ortalama nükleotid
kompozisyonu, memeli mitogenomları aralığında olup; adenin için % 32.32,
timin için % 25.78, sitozin için % 28.67, guanin için % 13.23’tür; adenin+timin içeriği (% 58.10), guanin+sitozin içeriğinden (% 41.90) daha fazladır. Toplam 14 taşıyıcı RNA, 12 protein
kodlayan ve 2 ribozomal RNA geni ağır zincir üzerinde kodlanmakta, 8 taşıyıcı
RNA ve bir protein kodlayan gen (ND6) ise hafif zincir üzerinde kodlanmaktadır.
Gen yapısı, organizasyonu ve kompozisyonu diğer atgillere benzerdir. Filogenetik
analizler, Türkiye Anadolu eşeğinin, Çin evcil eşeklerine Avrupa evcil
eşeklerinden daha yakın olduğunu ve Afrika yabani eşeklerinden (Somali yabani
eşeği gibi) köken almış olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye
eşekleri ve diğer atgilleri içeren gelecekteki moleküler çalışmalar için Anadolu
eşeğinin referans mitogenom verisini sunmuştur.

Keywords

Equus asinus, Yeni Nesil Dizileme, mtDNA, mtDNA, filogeni

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