Effects of Different Plant Essential Oils on Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchidae) Adults

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 143 - 149, 30.06.2020

Alime Bayındır Ali Kemal Birgücü

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.690512

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Abstract: Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is one of the important pests of the bean that facilitates the entry of other insects and microorganisms as a result of opening holes in the seed coat to feed with cotyledons. In this study, repellent and fumigant effects of different essential oils, such as juniper (Juniperus communis), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lavender (Lavandula hybrida), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) and garlic (Allium sativum), on A. obtectus adults were investigated. To determine the repelling effect, filter papers absorbed with essential oil and pure water were placed on each end of a transparent plastic tube and after 24 hours the orientation of adult individuals was followed. In order to determine the fumigant effect, filter papers impregnated with essential oil were fixed on the lids of the glass jars, and the numbers of living individuals in the jar were recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days. In the first stage of the study, the repellent index (RI) of these essential oils was calculated as -9.68, 20.00, -25.00, -11.76, 17.39, and 18.18, respectively. The repellent index of these essential oils was statistically insignificant. In the second stage of the study, fumigant effects on A. obtectus adults were determined by using 1000, 3000, and 5000 ppm L-1 doses of each essential oil. As a result of the application of all doses of the essential oils used, no statistically significant difference was observed between the essential oils. The highest mortality rates were obtained by recording the 25.33%, 30.67%, 44.00%, and 62.67% mortality rates on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of the 5000 ppm L-1 dose of juniper essential oil, respectively. As a result, although there is no statistical difference between these essential oils in that both repellent effect and fumigant effects, pest control can be preferred in the way of not having negative effects on human and the environment.

Keywords

Juniper essential oil, bean seed beetle, fumigant effect, essential oils, repellent effect

Farklı Bitki Uçucu Yağlarının Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) Erginleri Üzerindeki Etkileri

Abstract

Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) tohum kabuğunda delikler açarak kotiledonlar ile beslenmesi sonucunda, diğer böceklerin ve mikroorganizmaların girişini kolaylaştıran fasulyenin önemli zararlılarından biridir. Bu çalışmada; ardıç (Juniperus communis), çay ağacı (Melaleuca alternifolia), kekik (Thymus vulgaris), lavanta (Lavandula hybrida), okaliptus (Eucalyptus globulus) ve sarımsak (Allium sativum) gibi bitki uçucu yağlarının A. obtectus erginleri üzerinde uzaklaştırıcı ve fumigant etkileri araştırılmıştır. Uzaklaştırıcı etkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla şeffaf bir plastik tüpün bir ucuna uçucu yağ, diğer ucuna ise saf su emdirilmiş filtre kâğıtları konulmuş ve 24 saat sonunda ergin bireylerin yönelimleri izlenmiştir. Fumigant etkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla ise uçucu yağ emdirilmiş filtre kağıtları cam kavanozların kapaklarına sabitlenmiş ve kavanoz içerisindeki canlı birey sayıları 1., 3., 5., ve 7. günlerde kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında uçucu yağların zararlıya karşı uzaklaştırıcı etki indeksleri (RI) sırasıyla -9.68, 20.00, -25.00, -11.76, 17.39 ve 18.18 şeklinde hesaplanmıştır. Bu uçucu yağların zararlıya karşı uzaklaştırıcı etki indeksleri istatistiksel olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında her bir uçucu yağın 1000, 3000 ve 5000 ppm L-1’lik dozlarının A. obtectus erginleri üzerinde fumigant etkileri belirlenmiştir. Kullanılan uçucu yağların tüm dozlarının uygulanması sonucunda, uçucu yağlar arasında istatistiksel olarak bir fark kaydedilmemiştir. En yüksek ölüm oranları, ardıç uçucu yağının 5000 ppm L-1’lik doz uygulamasında 1., 3., 5. ve 7. gün sayımlarında % 25.33, % 30.67, % 44.00 ve % 62.67 ölüm oranlarının kaydedilmesiyle elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu uçucu yağlar arasında hem uzaklaştırıcı etki hem de fumigant etkileri bakımından istatistiksel bir fark bulunmamasına rağmen, zararlı ile mücadele de insan ve çevre üzerinde olumsuz etkilerinin olmaması bakımından tercih edilebilir.

Keywords

Ardıç uçucu yağı, fasulye tohum böceği, fumigant etki, uçucu yağlar, uzaklaştırıcı etki

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