Bazı Entomopatojenlerin Orosanga japonica (Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) Üzerindeki Öldürücü Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 305 - 314, 31.10.2020

Temel Göktürk

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.771088

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Orosanga japonica’nın (Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) nimf ve erginlerine karşı laboratuvar ve arazi koşullarında Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Bacillus thuringiensis entomopatojenleri ve Nimbecidine® organik insektisit uygulanarak öldürücü etkileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma, 2020 yılı Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında Kemalpaşa, Arhavi ve Artvin’de 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Tül kafesler içerisine alınan nimf ve erginlerin üzerine entomopatojenler ve Nimbecidine püskürtülerek 2 günde bir kontrol edilerek ölen bireyler not edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda tüm entomopatojenlerin ve Nimbecidinenin O. japonica’nın hem nimf hemde erginlerine belirli oranlarda etki ettiği görülmüştür. Laboratuvarda kontrollü koşullarında uygulanan organik insektisit ve entomopatojenler sonucunda ölüm oranları nimflerde % 73-94 ve erginlerde % 18.5-60 arasında tespit edilmiştir. Arazi koşullarında O. japonica nimf ve erginlerine karşı uygulanan organik insektisit ve entomopatojenler sonucunda ölüm oranları nimflerde % 50.5-75, erginlerde % 11-50.5 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Hem laboratuvarda hem de saha koşullarında, en yüksek ölüm oranı değerleri ergin ve nimflerde Nimbecidine uygulamalarında görülmüştür. Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Bacillus thuringiensis karışımı ile oluşturulan preparat (BMB) da başarılı bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Orosanga japonica, Nimbecidine, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Bacillus thuringiensis

Determination of the Lethal Effects of Some Entomopathogens on Orosanga japonica (Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)

Abstract

In this study, the lethal effects of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Bacillus thuringiensis entomopathogens, and Nimbecidine® organic insecticide, against Orosanga japonica (Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) nymphs and adults, were tried to be determined under laboratory and field conditions. The study was conducted in Kemalpaşa, Arhavi and Artvin with 4 replications in June and July, 2020. Entomopathogens and Nimbecidine sprayed on the nymphs and adults taken in tulle cages and the individuals who died were checked every 2 days. As a result of the study, it was observed that all entomopathogens and Nimbecidine had certain effects on both nymphs and adults of O. japonica. As a result of organic insecticides and entomopathogens applied in controlled conditions in the laboratory, mortality rates were determined between 73-94% in nymphs and 18.5-60% in adults. As a result of organic insecticides and entomopathogens applied against O. japonica nymphs and adults under field conditions, mortality rates were 50.5-75% in nymphs and 11-50.5% in adults. Both in the laboratory and field conditions, the highest mortality rates were seen in Nimbecidine application in adults and nymphs. The preparation (BMB) formed with a mixture of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Bacillus thuringiensis was also found successful.

Keywords

Orosanga japonica, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Bacillus thuringiensis, Nimbecidine

References

• Ak, K., Eken, C., Guclu, S., Genc, T., Sekban, R., 2014. Laboratory and field evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungus, Conidiobolus coronatus for controlling Ricania simulans (Walker, 1851) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 24(2): 455-459.
• Ak, K., Güçlü, Ş., Eken, C., Sekban, R., 2015. Türkiye için yeni bir zararlı Ricania simulans (Walker, 1851) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 39(2): 179-186.
• Ak, K., Güçlü, Ş., Sekban, R., 2013. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde yeni bir zararlı Ricania simulans (Walker, 1851) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)'a karşı azadirachtin ve spinosad etki maddeli biyopestisitlerin etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 6 (1): 10-14.
• Alev, F., 2014. Ricania simulans’ın bakteriyal mücadele etmeninin araştırılması. Yüksek lisans tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
• Avidzba, N.S., Bobokhidze, Z.M., 1982. Biophenology of the Japanese Leafhopper. Zashchita Rastenii, No: 6.
• Bu, C.P., Lariviere, M.C., Liang, A.P., 2010. Parapiromis nom. nov., a new name for Piromis fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 2400: 29-40.
• Chou, I., Lu, J., Huang, J., Wang, S., 1985. Economic Insects Fauna of China (Fasc. 36) Homoptera: Fulgoroidea. Sciences Press, Beijing, China, pp. 1-152.
• Copping, L.G., 2004. The Manual of Biocontrol Agents. 3rd Ed., The BioPesticide, British Crop Protection Council, Alton, UK, pp. 702.
• Demir, E., 2009. Ricania germar, 1818 species of western palaearctic region (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae). Munis Entomology and Zoology, 4(1): 271-275.
• Deshpande, M.V., 1999. Mycopesticide production by fermentation: Potential and challenges. Journal Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 25(3): 229-243.
• Eken, C., Ak, K., Güçlü, Ş., Genç, T., Sekban, R., 2013. Ricania simulans (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)'ın fungal florası. XI. Ulusal Ekoloji ve Çevre Kongresi, 01-04 Ekim, Samsun, Türkiye, s. 208.
• Fletcher, M.J., 2008. A key to the genera of Ricaniidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) recorded in Australia with notes on the Australian fauna, including a new species of Epithalamium Kirkaldy. Australian Journal of Entomology, 47(2): 107-120.
• Gjonov, I., 2011. Ricania japonica Melichar, 1898-a representative of family Ricaniidae (Homoptera, Fulgoromorpha), new to the fauna of Bulgaria. ZooNotes, 23: 1-3.
• Gnezdilov, V.M., 2009. A new subfamily of the planthopper family Ricaniidae Amyot et Serville (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Entomological Review, 89(9): 1082-1086.
• Gokturk, T., Tozlu, E., Kotan, R., 2018. Prospects of entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi for biological control of Ricania simulans (Walker 1851) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 50(1): 75-82.
• Göktürk, T., Aksu Y., 2014. Tarım ve orman alanlarında zarar yapan Ricania simulans (Walker, 1851) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)'un morfolojisi, biyolojisi ve zararı. Türkiye II. Orman Entomolojisi ve Patolojisi Sempozyumu, 7-9 Nisan, Antalya, Türkiye, s. 282-285.
• Göktürk, T., Mıhlı, A., 2015. Doğu Karadeniz sahil şeridinin önemli zararlısı Ricania simulans (Walker,1851) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)'ın mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1): 89-93.
• Guclu, S., Ak, K., Eken, C., Akyol, H., Sekban, R., Beytut, B., Yıldırım, R., 2010. Pathogenicity of Lecanicillium muscarium against Ricania simulans. Bulletin of Insectology, 63(2): 243-246.
• Gurulingappa, P., McGee, P., Sword, G.A., 2011. In vitro and in planta compatibility of insecticides and the endophytic entomopathogen, Lecanicillium lecanii. Mycopathologia, 172(2): 161-168.
• Khachatourians, G.G., Sohail, S.Q., 2008. Entomopathogenic fungi. In: A.A. Brakhage and P.F. Zipfel (Eds.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Human and Animal Relationships, 2nd Edition, The Mycota VI, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 33-61.
• Kim, J.J., Lee, M.H., Yoon, C.S., Kim, H.S., Yoo, J.K., Kim, K.C., 2001. Control of cotton aphid and greenhouse white with a fungal pathogen. In: Biological control of greenhouse pests, Food & Fertilizer Technology Çenter Extension Bulletin 502, Food & Fertilizer Technology Center, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 8-15.
• Lacey, L.A., Frutos, R., Kaya, H.K., Vail, P., 2001. Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Do they have a future? Biological Control, 21(3): 230-248.
• Nast, J., 1987. The Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera) of Europe. Annales Zoologici Warszawa, 40(35): 535-661.
• Oztemiz, S., 2018. Ricania japonica (Hemiptera: ricaniidae): Found in the western Black Sea, Turkey. Munis Entomology and Zoology, 13(1): 326-328.
• Roy, H.E., Steinkraus, D.C., Eilenberg, J., Hajek, A.E., Pell, J.K., 2006. Bizarre interactions and endgames: Entomopathogenic fungi and their arthropod hosts. Annual Review of Entomology, 51(1): 331-57.
• Sandhu, S.S., Sharma, A.K., Beniwal, V., Goel, G., Batra, P., Kumar, A., Jaglan, S., Sharma, A.K., Malhotra, S., 2012. Myco-biocontrol of insect pests: Factors involved, mechanism, and regulation. Journal of Pathogens, 1-10.
• Sezen, K., Feyza, A., Demirbag, Z., 2014. Determination of bacterial control agents of Ricania simulans. 3. International Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Congress, June 02-06, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, pp. 159.
• Urban, J.M., Cryan, J.R., 2007. Evolution of the planthoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 42(2): 556-572.
• Vestergaard, S., Cherry, A., Keller, S., Goettel, M.S., 2003. Safety of hyphomycete fungi as microbial control agents. In: H.M.T. Hokkanen and A.E. Hajek (Eds.), Environmental Impacts of Microbial Insecticides, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 35-62.
• Wojciechowska, M., Stepnowski, P., Gołębiowski, M., 2016. The use of insecticides to control insect pests. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 13(1): 210-220.
• Wraight, S.P., Jackson, M.A., Kock, S.L., 2001. Production, stabilization and formulation of fungal biocontrol agents. In: T.M. Butt, C. Jackson and N. Magan (Eds.), Fungi as biocontrol agents: Progress problems and potential, CABI Publishing, pp. 253-287.
• Xu, C.Q., Liang, A.P., Jiang, G.M., 2006. The genus Euricania Melichar (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) from China. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 54(1): 1-10.
• Yıldız, Y., Yıldırım, İ., Bostancı, C., 2018. Bartın ilinin istilacı böcek türleri. III. Türkiye Orman Entomolojisi ve Patolojisi Sempozyumu, 10-12 Mayıs, Artvin, Türkiye, s. 25.
• Zimmermann, G., 2008. The entomopathogenic fungi Isaria farinosa (formerly Paecilomyces farinosus) and the Isaria fumosorosea species complex (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)'. biology, ecology and use in biological control. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 18(9): 865-901.