Investigation of Antioxidant Activities of Fruit, Leaf, and Branche Extracts of White (Morus alba L.) and Black (Morus nigra L.) Mulberry Species from Diyarbakır

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 177 - 183, 30.06.2021

Mizgin Abay , Nuraniye Eruygur

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.841557

Cited By: 2

Abstract

This study aims to determine the antioxidant activities of fruit, leaf, and branche extracts of Morus alba L. and Morus nigra L. species collected from Diyarbakır. Different in vitro methods such as Total Phenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), Copper (II) Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC), 2,2´-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the two Morus species. The highest total phenolic amount belongs to acetone extract (257.5±0.05 μg gallic acid equivalent mg-1) obtained from M. nigra branches, while the highest total flavonoid content was found in acetone extract (185.8±0.15 μg catechin equivalent mg-1) obtained from M. nigra leaves. In the CUPRAC test, the highest activity was observed in methanol extracts from M. alba branches (IC50 values is 35.63±0.22 μg mg-1). The IC50 values of the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts are between 128.1±0.13 and 2494.7±0.30 μg mg-1, the best radical scavenging activity was demonstrated by acetone extract (128.1±0.13 μg mg-1) prepared from the M. alba branche. The highest ABTS radical scavenging activity belongs to the methanol extract (75.5±0.25 μg mg-1) obtained from the M. alba branches. The results prove that both Morus species possess antioxidant properties, not only in leaves and fruits but also in the branches. At the end of the study, it was determined that M. alba and M. nigra have medicinal usage value which can be used as natural antioxidants.

Keywords

Morus sp., antioxidant, free radical, total phenol, total flavonoid, extract

Thanks

This study was carried out within the scope of research project of graduate thesis of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Pharmacy.

References

• Arabshahi-Delouee, S., Urooj, A., 2007. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves. Food Chemistry, 102(4): 1233-1240.
• Azwanida, N. N., 2015. A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength and limitation. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 4(196): 2167-0412.
• Bayır, A., 2011. Investigation of phenolic content and antiradical activity of grape, mulberry and myrtle. PhD thesis, Akdeniz University Institute of Science, Antalya, Turkey. (In Turkish).
• Ercisli, S., Orhan, E., 2007. Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits. Food Chemistry, 103(4): 1380-1384.
• Eruygur, N., Dural, E., 2019. Determination of 1-Deoxynojirimycin by a developed and validated HPLC-FLD method and assessment of In-vitro antioxidant, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity in mulberry varieties from Turkey. Phytomedicine, 53: 234-242.
• Geçer, G., Gündoğdu, M., Ertürk, Y., 2016. Anticancerogenic phenolic compounds in berry fruits. Bahçe, 45(2): 37-46. (In Turkish).
• Ghasemi, K., Ghasemi, Y., Ehteshamnia, A., Nabavi, S. M., Nabavi, S.F., Ebrahimzadeh, M., 2011. Influence of environmental factors on antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoids contents of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husks. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 5(7): 1128-1133.
• Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A., 2010. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Reviews, 4(8): 118-126.
• Miser-Salihoglu, E., Akaydin, G., Çaliskan-Can, E., Yardim-Akaydin, S., 2010. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of various herbal folk medicines. FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 35(2): 59-67.
• Molan, A., Mahdy, A.S., 2014. Iraqi medicinal plants: Total flavonoid contents, free-radical scavenging and bacterial beta-glucuronidase inhibition activities. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 13(5): 72-77.
• Moure, A., Cruz, J., Franco, D., Dominguez, M., Sineiro, J., Dominguez, H., 2001. Natural antioxidants from residual source. Food Chemistry, 72( 2): 145-171.
• Özyürek, M., 2009. Development of modified CUPRAC methods for reactive oxygen species scavenging antioxidant activity measurement. PhD thesis, Istanbul University Institute of Science, Istanbul, Turkey. (In Turkish).
• Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C., 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10): 1231-1237.
• Rice-Evans, C., Miller, N., Paganga, G., 1997. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in Plant Science, 2(4): 152-159.
• Singleton, V.L., and Rossi, J.L., 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16: 144-158.
• Uygur-Yalgı, E., 2015. Some physical and chemical characterization of black mulberry (Morus nigra). Master thesis, Afyon Kocatepe University Institute of Science, Afyon, Turkey. (In Turkish).
• Uysal, Ş., 2013. Investigation of antioxidant properties of some fruit leaves collected from mediterranean region. Master thesis, Selcuk University Institute of Science, Konya, Turkey. (In Turkish).
• Wang, W., Zu, Y., Fu, Y., Efferth, T., 2012. In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts from Morus alba L. leaves, branches and fruits. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 40(2): 349-356.
• Yang, H., Dong, Y., Du, H., Shi, H., Peng, Y., Li, X., 2011. Antioxidant compounds from propolis collected in Anhui, China. Molecules, 16(4): 3444-3455.
• Yiğit, D., Mavi, A., Aktaş, M., 2008. Antioxidant activities of black mulberry (Morus nigra). Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, 1(2): 223-232.
• Zongo, C., Savadogo, A., Ouattara, L., Bassole, I. H. N., Ouattara, C.A.T., Ouattara, A.S., 2010. Polyphenol content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Ampelocissus grantii (Baker) Planch. (Vitaceae): A medicinal plant from Burkina Faso. International Journal of Pharmacology, 6(6): 880-887.