Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukukta Askeri Gereklilik ve İnsani Mülahazalar Arasındaki Denge

Year 2023, , 189 - 211, 30.10.2023

Adem Özer

https://doi.org/10.52792/tws.1353977

Abstract

Askeri gereklilik ilkesi, Silahlı Çatışmalar Hukuku’nun temel bileşenlerinden biridir. İlke, meşru bir askeri amaca ulaşmak için gerekli olan ve Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk tarafından yasaklanmayan davranışlara izin vermektedir. Silahlı çatışma durumunda tek meşru amaç, çatışmanın diğer taraflarının askeri yeteneklerini zayıflatmaktır. Bu nedenle, ilke kapsamında silahlı çatışmaya taraf olanların yalnızca meşru amaca ulaşmak için gerekli olan savaş yöntem ve araçları kullanması öngörülmektedir. Ancak ilke, Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk uyarınca yasaklanan davranışların gerçekleştirilmesine ve ilgili hukukun herhangi bir kuralın uygulanmasının göz ardı edilmesine olanak tanımamaktadır. Dolayısıyla, Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk, askeri gereklilik ile savaş yöntem ve araçlarına belirli sınırlamalar getiren insani mülahazalar arasında bir denge oluşturmakta ve savaşın acımasız gerçekliğinde insani değerlerin korunmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın temel amacını; askeri gereklilik ilkesinin gerçek değerinin ve uygulamasının açıklaması, askeri uygulamada ne şekilde referans noktası olduğunun ve Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk’un askeri gereklilik ve insani mülahazalar arasında gerçekçi ve anlamlı bir denge kurduğunun analiz edilmesi oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

Silahlı çatışma, Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk, askeri gereklilik ilkesi, insani mülahazalar, savaş yöntemleri ve araçları

THE BALANCE BETWEEN MILITARY NECESSITY AND HUMANITARIAN CONSIDERATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

Abstract

The principle of military necessity is one of the fundamental components of the Law of Armed Conflicts. The principle permits conduct that is necessary to achieve a legitimate military aim and is not prohibited by International Humanitarian Law. In a situation of armed conflict, the only legitimate aim is to weaken the military capabilities of the other parties to the conflict. Therefore, within the scope of the principle, parties to an armed conflict are expected to use only the methods and means of war that are necessary to achieve the legitimate aim. However, the principle does not allow conduct prohibited under International Humanitarian Law to be carried out and the application of any rules of relevant law to be disregarded. International Humanitarian Law therefore creates a balance between military necessity and humanitarian considerations that impose certain limitations on the methods and means of warfare, helping to preserve human values in the brutal reality of war. In this context, the main purpose of the study is; to provide an explanation of the true value and application of the principle of military necessity, an analysis on how to reach a reference point in military operations and how International Humanitarian Law establishes a realistic and meaningful balance between military necessity and humanitarian considerations.

Keywords

Armed conflicts, international humanitarian law, principle of military necessity, principle of humanity, methods and means of warfare.

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