Araçsallaştırmadan İttifaka: Suriye-Hizbullah İlişkilerinde Stratejik Bağımlılığın İnşası (1985-2023)

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Suriye ile Hizbullah arasındaki evrilen ilişkileri Asimetrik Karşılıklı Bağımlılık nazarından ele almaktadır. Hizbullah, kuruluşundan itibaren İsrail ile mücadelesinde İran ve Suriye ile kuvvetli irtibatlarını muhafaza etmiştir. Hafız Esad döneminde Suriye, Hizbullah’ın hamisi olup örgütü kendi stratejik menfaatlerini ilerletmek için bir vasıta olarak kullanmıştır. Ancak Beşar Esad’ın iktidara gelişi, İsrail’in Lübnan’dan çekilmesi ve Refik Hariri suikastı, bu ilişkiyi daha dengeli bir karşılıklı bağımlılık hâline eviren mühim kırılma noktaları olmuştur. 2006 Lübnan Savaşı ve Suriye İç Savaşı, bu dinamiği daha da dönüştürmüş; Hizbullah, Suriye’nin en önemli askerî müttefiklerinden biri hâline gelirken, aynı zamanda daha fazla özerklik kazanmıştır. Her iki aktör arasındaki güç dengesizliğine rağmen, taraflar bu süreçte artık birbirlerine stratejik olarak bağımlı hale gelmişlerdir. Bu çalışma, Ortadoğu’daki devlet ve devlet-dışı aktör ilişkilerini anlamaya yönelik bir çerçeve sunarak, bölgesel buhranlar karşısında Suriye-Hizbullah ittifakının nasıl esneklik gösterdiğini ve ortak hedefler sayesinde bu iş birliğinin nasıl sürdürüldüğünü ele almaktadır.

Keywords

• Hizbullah
• Suriye
• İran
• Asimetrik Karşılıklı Bağımlılık
• Suriye İç Savaşı

From Instrumentalization to Alliance: The Construction of Strategic Dependence in Syria-Hezbollah Relations (1985-2023)

Abstract

This study examines the evolving relationship between Syria and Hezbollah through the lens of Asymmetrical Interdependence. Since its inception, Hezbollah has maintained strong ties with both Iran and Syria, particularly in its conflict with Israel. Under Hafez Assad, Syria was Hezbollah’s dominant patron, using it to advance its strategic interests. However, with Bashar Assad’s rise, Israel’s withdrawal from Lebanon, and Rafiq Hariri’s assassination, the relationship shifted toward a more balanced interdependence. The 2006 Lebanon War and the Syrian Civil War further altered this dynamic, with Hezbollah becoming a vital military ally to Syria while gaining greater autonomy. Despite inherent power asymmetries, both actors now rely on each other strategically. This study highlights the adaptability of their alliance amid regional turmoil, offering a framework for understanding state-non-state actor relationships in the Middle East and how shared political goals sustain such partnerships.

Keywords

• Hezbollah
• Syria
• Iran
• Asymmetrical Interdependence
• Syrian Civil War

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