Research Article
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Art and Space: Conceptual Differences Between Mural Art, Environmental Art and Site-Specific Art

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 18, 142 - 167, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.55004/tykhe.1549947

Abstract

The terms mural art, environmental art, and site-specific art are used to classify artistic practices that emphasize the relationship between art and space throughout art history. This study delves into the conceptual frameworks of these three categories, aiming to distinguish their differences and overlapping aspects. The role of space in the creative processes of site-related artistic practices has been examined from various perspectives, leading to the development of a classification that highlights the fundamental distinctions between these approaches. Based on a review of literature and analysis of prominent works of art in this field, the study identifies the integrated and permanent nature of mural art, the transient and environmentally conscious nature of environmental art, and the interdependent relationship between site-specific art and the location where it is installed. This research investigates how the interaction between art and space manifests in different ways and shapes the meaning of artworks. It evaluates the validity of this classification through examples, ultimately aiming to expand the understanding of the art-space relationship and contribute to the interpretation processes of artworks created in this context.

References

  • Anreus, A., Greeley, L., ve Folgarait, L. (2012). Mexican muralism: A critical history. University of California Press.
  • Arnold, D. (1999). Temples of the last pharaohs. Oxford University Press.
  • Aydın, İ. ve Zümrüt, Y. (2013). Doğa ve sanat ekseninde farklı yaklaşımlar. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 4(4), ss. 53-78.
  • Barthes, R. (1997). The Eiffel Tower and other mythologies. University of California Press.
  • Barthes, R. (2016). Göstergebilimsel serüven (M. ve S. Rıfat, Çev.). Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Brose, T. (2019). The path of the red flag. A mural in the Dresden Kulturpalast tells German history. Christ in der Gegenwart, 71, s. 514.
  • Caviness, M. H. (1993). Visualizing women in the Middle Ages: Sight, spectacle, and scopic economy. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Clottes, J. (2008). Cave art. Phaidon Press.
  • Cockcroft, E. S. (1993). Mexican muralists in the United States. UNM Press.
  • Crimp, D. (1993). On the museum’s ruins. MIT Press.
  • De Rosa, A. (2016). Geometries of light: Representing James Turrell’s artworks. Geometrias & Graphica Proceedings, Aproged, ss. 343–354.
  • Dora, A. (1999). Diego Rivera and the left: The destruction and recreation of the Rockefeller Center mural. Left History, 6(1), ss. 57–75.
  • Droste, M. (2002). Bauhaus, 1919-1933. Taschen.
  • Eco, U. (2001). Açık yapıt (P. Savaş, Çev.). Can Yayınları.
  • Foucault, M. (1986). Of other spaces. Diacritics, 16(1), ss. 22–27. https://doi.org/10.2307/464648
  • Fülscher, C. (2013). Der Weg der Roten Fahne. Art in correlation to architecture, urban planning and policy. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 37(4), ss. 292–300.
  • Gökova, H. (2021). Duvar resmi uygulamalarında yüzeye dönük görsel çözümler. Akademik Sanat, 13, ss. 1–13.
  • Greimas, A. J. (1983). Structural semantics: An attempt at a method. University of Nebraska Press.
  • Hattenstone, S. (2003, 17 Temmuz). Something to spray: Banksy röportajı. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/artsfeatures.features
  • Howett, C. (1977). New directions in environmental art. Landscape Architecture Magazine, 67(1), ss. 38–46. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44666467
  • Irwin, R. (1985). Being and circumstance: Notes toward a conditional art. Lapis Press.
  • Johnson, J. R. (1964). The Radiance of Chartres. Phaidon Press.
  • Kastner, J., ve Wallis, B. (2001). Land and environmental art. Phaidon Press.
  • Kaye, N. (2000). Site-specific art: Performance, place and documentation. Routledge.
  • Kelly, M. (1994). Public art controversies: the Serra and Lin cases. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 52(2), ss. 15–22.
  • Klemm, B. (2013, 9 Eylül). The path of the red flag lasts forever. Sächsische Zeitung.
  • Kober, R. (1987). Wandbilder in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Volk und Wissen, ss. 24–33.
  • Kwon, M. (1997). In appreciation of invisible work: Mierle Laderman Ukeles and the maintenance of the “white cube.” Documents, 10, ss. 35–38.
  • Kwon, M. (2004). One place after another: Site-specific art and locational identity. MIT Press.
  • Lewis-Williams, D. (2002). The mind in the cave: Consciousness and the origins of art. Thames & Hudson.
  • Lippard, L. R. (1997). The Lure of the Local: Senses of Place in a Multicentered Society. New York: New Press. https://monoskop.org/Lippard_Lucy_R_The_Lure_of_the_Local.pdf
  • Madra, B. (1989, Ocak 16). İstanbul'u mesken tuttu. Cumhuriyet Gazetesi, s. 4.
  • Miles, M. (1997). Art, space and the city: Public art and urban futures. Routledge.
  • Möntmann, N. (2006). Art and its institutions: Current conflicts, critique and collaborations. Black Dog Publishing.
  • O’Doherty, B. (2016). Beyaz küpün içinde: Galeri mekânının ideolojisi (A. Antmen, Çev.). Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Parsons, J. (2022, January 15). Andy Goldsworthy: Touching North 1989. https://www.jessparsons.com/studies/andy-goldsworthy-touching-north
  • Radtke, R. I. (2024). The laneway: Urbanism through the lens of interiority and heterotopia. Ed. G. Marinic. The interior urbanism theory reader içinde, ss. 34–42. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429443091
  • Serra, R. (1994). Writings/interviews. University of Chicago Press.
  • Schirmer, H. (1995). Gerhard Bondzin. Der Weg der roten Fahne. Ed. M. Flacke. Auftrag: Kunst. 1949–1990: Bildende Künstler zwischen Ästhetik und Politik içinde,, ss. 194–198. Klinkhard & Biermann.
  • Stone, R. (2016). Puppy love: The reincarnation of Bilbao. Ed. O’Rawe, D. ve Phelan, M. Post-conflict performance, film and visual arts içinde, ss. 53-70. Palgrave Macmillan https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-43955-0_4
  • Şahinoğlu Altınel, Z. R. (2014). Tatbiki Güzel Sanatlar Yüksek Okulu Dekoratif Resim Bölümü eğitiminin seçilmiş sanatçılar üzerinden tuval resmindeki malzeme kullanımına etkisi. Sanat - Tasarım Dergisi(5), ss. 55-65.
  • Thornes, J. E. (2008). A rough guide to environmental art. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 33(1), ss. 391-411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.environ.31.042605.134920
  • Turani, A. (1998). Dünya sanat tarihi (3. bs.). Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Turner, C. (2009, November 20). Jeanne-Claude obituary. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/nov/20/jeanne-claude-christo-obituary?CMP=share_btn_url
  • Vargün, Ö. (2021). Ortam odaklı sanata iletişimsel süreç işlevsel ortam odaklılık ve eleştirel düşüncenin mekândaki temsili. İletişim ve Sanat Dergisi, Sempozyum Özel Sayısı, ss. 204–227.
  • Wallis, R. J. (2004). Review of the mind in the cave. Journal for the Academic Study of Magic. Mandrake, ss. 357–361.

Sanat ve Mekân: Duvar Resmi, Ortam Odaklı Sanat ve Mekâna Özgü Sanat Arasındaki Kavramsal Farklılıklar

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 18, 142 - 167, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.55004/tykhe.1549947

Abstract

Duvar resmi, ortam odaklı sanat ve mekâna özgü sanat terimleri, sanat ile mekân arasındaki ilişkiyi temel alarak sanat tarihinin geniş bir yelpazesinde yer alan sanatsal uygulamaları sınıflandırmak için kullanılır. Bu çalışma, bu üç kategorinin kavramsal çerçevelerini derinlemesine inceleyerek, aralarındaki farkları ve kesişen noktaları belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Mekâna bağlı sanatsal uygulamaların yaratım süreçlerinde mekânın rolü farklı perspektiflerden ele alınmış ve bu yaklaşımlar arasındaki temel ayrımları vurgulayan bir sınıflandırma oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Literatür taraması ve bu alanda öne çıkmış sanat eserleri üzerinden yapılan çözümlemeler sonucunda, duvar resimlerinin mimari ile bütünleşik ve kalıcı yapısı, ortam odaklı sanatın geçici ve çevreyle ilgili mesajlar taşıyan doğası, mekâna özgü sanatın ise eser ile bulunduğu yer arasındaki karşılıklı bağımlılık ilişkisi gibi özellikler odak noktaları olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışma, sanat ve mekân arasındaki bu etkileşimin nasıl farklı biçimlerde tezahür ettiğini ve sanat eserlerinin anlamını nasıl şekillendirdiğini inceleyerek, bu sınıflandırmanın geçerliliğini örnekler üzerinden değerlendirmiştir. Sanatta mekân bağlamını genişletmek ve bu alanda yapılmış sanat eserlerinin okunma süreçlerine katkıda bulunmak hedeflenmiştir.

References

  • Anreus, A., Greeley, L., ve Folgarait, L. (2012). Mexican muralism: A critical history. University of California Press.
  • Arnold, D. (1999). Temples of the last pharaohs. Oxford University Press.
  • Aydın, İ. ve Zümrüt, Y. (2013). Doğa ve sanat ekseninde farklı yaklaşımlar. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 4(4), ss. 53-78.
  • Barthes, R. (1997). The Eiffel Tower and other mythologies. University of California Press.
  • Barthes, R. (2016). Göstergebilimsel serüven (M. ve S. Rıfat, Çev.). Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Brose, T. (2019). The path of the red flag. A mural in the Dresden Kulturpalast tells German history. Christ in der Gegenwart, 71, s. 514.
  • Caviness, M. H. (1993). Visualizing women in the Middle Ages: Sight, spectacle, and scopic economy. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Clottes, J. (2008). Cave art. Phaidon Press.
  • Cockcroft, E. S. (1993). Mexican muralists in the United States. UNM Press.
  • Crimp, D. (1993). On the museum’s ruins. MIT Press.
  • De Rosa, A. (2016). Geometries of light: Representing James Turrell’s artworks. Geometrias & Graphica Proceedings, Aproged, ss. 343–354.
  • Dora, A. (1999). Diego Rivera and the left: The destruction and recreation of the Rockefeller Center mural. Left History, 6(1), ss. 57–75.
  • Droste, M. (2002). Bauhaus, 1919-1933. Taschen.
  • Eco, U. (2001). Açık yapıt (P. Savaş, Çev.). Can Yayınları.
  • Foucault, M. (1986). Of other spaces. Diacritics, 16(1), ss. 22–27. https://doi.org/10.2307/464648
  • Fülscher, C. (2013). Der Weg der Roten Fahne. Art in correlation to architecture, urban planning and policy. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 37(4), ss. 292–300.
  • Gökova, H. (2021). Duvar resmi uygulamalarında yüzeye dönük görsel çözümler. Akademik Sanat, 13, ss. 1–13.
  • Greimas, A. J. (1983). Structural semantics: An attempt at a method. University of Nebraska Press.
  • Hattenstone, S. (2003, 17 Temmuz). Something to spray: Banksy röportajı. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/artsfeatures.features
  • Howett, C. (1977). New directions in environmental art. Landscape Architecture Magazine, 67(1), ss. 38–46. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44666467
  • Irwin, R. (1985). Being and circumstance: Notes toward a conditional art. Lapis Press.
  • Johnson, J. R. (1964). The Radiance of Chartres. Phaidon Press.
  • Kastner, J., ve Wallis, B. (2001). Land and environmental art. Phaidon Press.
  • Kaye, N. (2000). Site-specific art: Performance, place and documentation. Routledge.
  • Kelly, M. (1994). Public art controversies: the Serra and Lin cases. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 52(2), ss. 15–22.
  • Klemm, B. (2013, 9 Eylül). The path of the red flag lasts forever. Sächsische Zeitung.
  • Kober, R. (1987). Wandbilder in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Volk und Wissen, ss. 24–33.
  • Kwon, M. (1997). In appreciation of invisible work: Mierle Laderman Ukeles and the maintenance of the “white cube.” Documents, 10, ss. 35–38.
  • Kwon, M. (2004). One place after another: Site-specific art and locational identity. MIT Press.
  • Lewis-Williams, D. (2002). The mind in the cave: Consciousness and the origins of art. Thames & Hudson.
  • Lippard, L. R. (1997). The Lure of the Local: Senses of Place in a Multicentered Society. New York: New Press. https://monoskop.org/Lippard_Lucy_R_The_Lure_of_the_Local.pdf
  • Madra, B. (1989, Ocak 16). İstanbul'u mesken tuttu. Cumhuriyet Gazetesi, s. 4.
  • Miles, M. (1997). Art, space and the city: Public art and urban futures. Routledge.
  • Möntmann, N. (2006). Art and its institutions: Current conflicts, critique and collaborations. Black Dog Publishing.
  • O’Doherty, B. (2016). Beyaz küpün içinde: Galeri mekânının ideolojisi (A. Antmen, Çev.). Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Parsons, J. (2022, January 15). Andy Goldsworthy: Touching North 1989. https://www.jessparsons.com/studies/andy-goldsworthy-touching-north
  • Radtke, R. I. (2024). The laneway: Urbanism through the lens of interiority and heterotopia. Ed. G. Marinic. The interior urbanism theory reader içinde, ss. 34–42. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429443091
  • Serra, R. (1994). Writings/interviews. University of Chicago Press.
  • Schirmer, H. (1995). Gerhard Bondzin. Der Weg der roten Fahne. Ed. M. Flacke. Auftrag: Kunst. 1949–1990: Bildende Künstler zwischen Ästhetik und Politik içinde,, ss. 194–198. Klinkhard & Biermann.
  • Stone, R. (2016). Puppy love: The reincarnation of Bilbao. Ed. O’Rawe, D. ve Phelan, M. Post-conflict performance, film and visual arts içinde, ss. 53-70. Palgrave Macmillan https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-43955-0_4
  • Şahinoğlu Altınel, Z. R. (2014). Tatbiki Güzel Sanatlar Yüksek Okulu Dekoratif Resim Bölümü eğitiminin seçilmiş sanatçılar üzerinden tuval resmindeki malzeme kullanımına etkisi. Sanat - Tasarım Dergisi(5), ss. 55-65.
  • Thornes, J. E. (2008). A rough guide to environmental art. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 33(1), ss. 391-411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.environ.31.042605.134920
  • Turani, A. (1998). Dünya sanat tarihi (3. bs.). Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Turner, C. (2009, November 20). Jeanne-Claude obituary. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/nov/20/jeanne-claude-christo-obituary?CMP=share_btn_url
  • Vargün, Ö. (2021). Ortam odaklı sanata iletişimsel süreç işlevsel ortam odaklılık ve eleştirel düşüncenin mekândaki temsili. İletişim ve Sanat Dergisi, Sempozyum Özel Sayısı, ss. 204–227.
  • Wallis, R. J. (2004). Review of the mind in the cave. Journal for the Academic Study of Magic. Mandrake, ss. 357–361.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Fine Arts
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Erdem Oğuz 0000-0003-3834-889X

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date September 14, 2024
Acceptance Date November 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Oğuz, E. (2025). Sanat ve Mekân: Duvar Resmi, Ortam Odaklı Sanat ve Mekâna Özgü Sanat Arasındaki Kavramsal Farklılıklar. Tykhe Sanat Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 10(18), 142-167. https://doi.org/10.55004/tykhe.1549947