A Financing Model For Higher Education Services: Complementary Mixed Model

Abstract

The provision of higher education services requires a certain cost. Generally, public goods are financed by taxes, which are compulsory financing, while mixed goods such as higher education are financed by taxes and prices, which are compulsory and voluntary financing. In this study, the complementary mixed model, which is a model that can be considered within the mixed financing model in terms of financing higher education, will be explained. In this model, a resource will be allocated to universities from the public budget based on the criteria to be determined. However, this resource will constitute a certain portion of the total university budget. Apart from this resource, own resources will also be used. When the budget for the following year is created, an increase will be foreseen taking into account inflation rates. If the university has advanced the criteria further, public resources will be increased so that it will not need own resources and an incentive mechanism will be introduced, but if the desired success in the criteria is not achieved, public resources will be reduced and it will be necessary to find own resources, thus creating a penalty mechanism and putting the burden on universities. This will increase competition and quality among institutions. The resources that the public will transfer to this field will be used more effectively. In this study, the last 3 years’ data of research universities in Turkey were taken into consideration. TÜMA (Turkish Universities Satisfaction Survey) and URAP ranking system indicators were used as performance indicators. As a result of the study, it was found that resources are not allocated effectively. The study aims to provide guiding recommendations to policy makers in order to ensure efficiency in resource allocation.

Keywords

• Higher Education
• Financing
• Performance
• Budget

Yükseköğretim Hizmeti İçin Bir Finansman Modeli Önerisi: Tamamlayıcı Karma Model

Öz

Yükseköğretim hizmetlerinin sunumu belli bir maliyet gerektirmektedir. Genellikle kamusal malların finansmanı zorunlu finansman olan vergilerle yapılırken, yükseköğretim gibi karma malların finansmanı ise zorunlu ve gönüllü finansman olan vergi ve fiyatlarla sağlanır. Bu çalışmada yükseköğretimin finansmanı açısından karma finansman modeli içerisinde değerlendirilebilecek bir model olan tamamlayıcı karma model incelenecektir. Bu modelde belirlenecek kriterlerle üniversitelere kamu bütçesinden bir kaynak tahsis edilecektir. Ancak bu kaynak toplam üniversite bütçesinin belli bir kısmını oluşturacaktır. Bu kaynak dışında öz kaynaklar da kullanılacaktır. Sonraki yıl bütçesi oluşturulurken ise enflasyon oranları dikkate alınarak bir artış öngörülecektir. Üniversite, kriterleri daha ileri taşımışsa kamudan gelecek kaynaklar artırılarak öz kaynağa ihtiyaç duymayacak ve bir teşvik mekanizması ortaya konulacak ancak kriterlerde arzu edilen başarı sağlanamamışsa kamu kaynakları azaltılarak öz kaynak bulması gerekecek bu şekilde bir ceza mekanizması oluşturularak yük üniversitelere yüklenecektir. Bu sayede kurumlar arası rekabetin ve kalitenin artması sağlanabilecektir. Kamunun bu alana aktaracağı kaynaklar daha etkin bir şekilde kullanılmış olacaktır. Çalışmada Türkiye’deki araştırma üniversitelerinin son 3 yıl verileri dikkate alınarak değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Performans göstergesi olarak da TÜMA (Türkiye Üniversiteleri Memnuniyet Araştırması) ve (University Ranking by Academic Performance) URAP sıralama sistemi göstergeleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda kaynakların etkin tahsis edilmediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma ile kaynak tahsisinde etkinlik sağlanması amacıyla politika yapıcılara yol gösterici öneriler sunulması hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yükseköğretim
• Finansman
• Performans
• Bütçe

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