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COVID-19 Sürecinde Egzersize Yönelik Düzenlemeler ve Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlüğün Genel İyi Oluş ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 80 - 92, 30.08.2024

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle egzersiz katılım rutinlerinde değişiklik yaşayan bireylerin belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlükleri, egzersiz davranışları ve iyi oluşları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Örneklem grubunu 22 tanesi büyükşehir olmak üzere toplamda 44 şehirden 17-34 yaşlarındaki bireyler oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen kişisel bilgi formu, Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük (BTÖ-12) Ölçeği, Egzersizde Davranışsal Düzenlemeler Ölçeği-2 (EDDÖ-2) ve PERMA Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi SPSS 24.0 yazılımı aracılığıyla çoklu lineer regresyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, egzersiz katılımı gösteren ve içsel motivasyonu yüksek bireylerde olumsuz psikolojik etkilerin belirgin olduğunu, dışsal motivasyonla egzersiz yapan bireylerde ise olumlu etkiler ve iyi hissetme düzeyinde artış gözlemlenmiştir. İçsel motivasyon ve dışsal motivasyon etkilerine bakıldığı zaman ise bu sonuçların genel literatürle çeliştiği ancak pandemide yapılan bazı çalışmalarla da örtüştüğü görülmektedir. Egzersiz katılımı göstermeyen bireylerde de engelleyici kaygı ve içe atımla düzenleme güdüsüyle ilişkilendirilen düşük iyi oluş seviyelerinin de pandeminin etkisiyle beklenen bir durum olarak ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu bulgular, pandemi dönemindeki egzersiz alışkanlıkları ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki karmaşık ilişkilerin anlaşılmasına yönelik önemli bir perspektif sunmaktadır.

References

  • Ahir, H., Bloom, N., Furceri, D. (2022). The world uncertainty index (No. w29763). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Al-Yaaribi, A. (2021). University students’ motivation for home based exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic: Sex and age differences. Journal of Physical Education Research, 8, 01-09.
  • Anokye, N. K., Trueman, P., Green, C., Pavey, T. G., ve Taylor, R. S. (2012). Physical activity and health related quality of life. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 1-8.
  • Bauman, Z., ve Türkmen, İ. (2003). Modernlik ve müphemlik. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Brand, R., Timme, S., ve Nosrat, S. (2020). When pandemic hits: Exercise frequency and subjective well-being during COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 2391.
  • Brymer, E., Davids, K., ve Mallabon, L. (2014). Understanding the psychological health and well-being benefits of physical activity in nature: An ecological dynamics analysis. Ecopsychology, 6(3), 189-197.
  • Buckworth, J., Lee, R. E., Regan, G., Schneider, L. K., ve DiClemente, C. C. (2007). Decomposing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for exercise: Application to stages of motivational readiness. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(4), 441-461
  • Butler, J., ve Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-profiler: a brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3).
  • Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A., ve Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007). Fearing the unknown: A shortversion of the intolerance of uncertainty scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 105-117.
  • Cheval, B., Sivaramakrishnan, H., Maltagliati, S., Fessler, L., Forestier, C., Sarrazin, P., Orsholits, D., Chalabaev, A., Sander, D., Ntoumanis, N., ve Boisgontier, M. P. (2021). Relationships between changes in self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviour and health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in France and Switzerland. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(6), 699-704.
  • Chouchou, F., Augustini, M., Caderby, T., Caron, N., Turpin, N. A., ve Dalleau, G. (2021). The importance of sleep and physical activity on well-being during COVID-19 lockdown: reunion island as a case study. Sleep Medicine, 77, 297-301.
  • Chu, I. H., Chen, Y. L., Wu, P. T., Wu, W. L., ve Guo, L. Y. (2021). The associations between self-determined motivation, multidimensional self-efficacy, and device-measured physical activity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8002.
  • Çakır, B. (2011). Belirsizlik ve korkunun yeni düzenin oluşmasına katkısı. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies, 36, 63-82.
  • Demirci, İ., ve Akın, A. (2015). Ruh Sağlığı Sürekliliği Kısa Formu’nun geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 48(1), 49-64.
  • Demirci, İ., Ekşi, H., Dinçer, D., ve Kardaş, S. (2017). Beş boyutlu iyi oluş modeli: PERMA Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. The Journal of Happiness & WellBeing, 5(1), 60-77.
  • Dugas, M. J., Hedayati, M., Karavidas, A., Buhr, K., Francis, K., ve Phillips, N. A. (2005). Intolerance of uncertainty and information processing: Evidence of biased recall and interpretations. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(1), 57–70.
  • Ersöz, G., Aşçı, F. H., ve Altıparmak, E. (2012). Egzersizde Davranışsal Düzenlemeler Ölçeği-2: geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 4(1), 22-31.
  • Faulkner, J., O’Brien, W. J., McGrane, B., Wadsworth, D., Batten, J., Askew, C. D., ... & Lambrick, D. (2021). Physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults during initial COVID-19 containment strategies: a multi-country cross-sectional analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 24(4), 320-326.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., ve Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages.
  • Furman, C. R., Volz, S. C., ve Rothman, A. J. (2023). Understanding physical activity declines during COVID-19: The affective repercussions of disruption to exercise routines. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 64, 102330.
  • Kingston, K. M., Horrocks, C. S., ve Hanton, S. (2006). Do multidimensional intrinsic and extrinsic motivation profiles discriminate between athlete scholarship status and gender? European Journal of Sport Science, 6(01), 53-63.
  • Koçyiğit, F., ve Yıldırım, E. (2019). Kaygı belirtilerini açıklamada bağlanma, pozitif ve negatif duygu düzenleme ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük arasındaki ilişkiyi bütünleyici model arayışı. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Leng, H. K., ve Phua, Y. X. P. (2022). Athletes as role models during the COVID-19 pandemic. Managing Sport and Leisure, 27(1-2), 163-167.
  • Leyton-Román, M., de la Vega, R., ve Jiménez-Castuera, R. (2021). Motivation and commitment to sports practice during the lockdown caused by Covid-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3846. Marashi, M. Y., Nicholson, E., Ogrodnik, M., Fenesi, B., ve Heisz, J. J. (2021). A mental health paradox: Mental health was both a motivator and barrier to physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. PloS one, 16(4), e0239244.
  • Markland, D., ve Tobin, V. (2004). A modification to the behavioural regulation in exercise questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26(2), 191-196.
  • Mullan, E., Markland, D., ve Ingledew, D. K. (1997). A graded conceptualisation of selfdetermination in the regulation of exercise behaviour: Development of a measure using confirmatory factor analytic procedures. Personality and Individual Differences, 23(5), 745-752.
  • Mutz, M., ve Gerke, M. (2021). Sport and exercise in times of self-quarantine: How Germans changed their behaviour at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 56(3), 305-316.
  • Özdemir, O., Özşaker, M., ve Ersöz, G. (2016). Serbest zaman etkinliği olarak egzersiz yapan üniversite öğrencilerinde güdüsel yönelim ve psikolojik iyi oluş ilişkisi. Turkish International Journal of Special Education and Guidance & Counselling, 5(2), 13-22.
  • Pierce, M., Hope, H., Ford, T., Hatch, S., Hotopf, M., John, A., ... ve Abel, K. M. (2020). Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(10), 883-892.
  • Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. M., Akın, A., ve Akça, M. Ş. (2014). Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği (BTÖ-12) Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1(3), 148-157.
  • Sauer, K. S., Jungmann, S. M., ve Witthöft, M. (2020). Emotional and behavioral consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of health anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and distress (in) tolerance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7241.
  • Schutz, R. W., Gessaroli, M. E., Singer, R., Murphey, M., ve Tennant, L. (1993). Use, misuse, and disuse of psychometrics in sport psychology research. Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology, 901-917.
  • Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: a visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Policy, 27(3), 60-61.
  • Tao, K., Liu, W., Xiong, S., Ken, L., Zeng, N., Peng, Q., ... ve Gao, Z. (2019). Associations between self-determined motivation, accelerometer-determined physical activity, and quality of life in Chinese college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 2941.
  • Uusiautti, S., Leskisenoja, E. M., & Hyvärinen, S. M. (2017). PERMA-based Perspectives on Sports. Science, 17(2), 30-39.
  • Vallerand, R. J. (2000). Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory: A view from the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Psychological inquiry, 11(4), 312-318.
  • Zuo, Y., Ma, Y., Zhang, M., Wu, X., & Ren, Z. (2021). The impact of sharing physical activity experience on social network sites on residents’ social connectedness: a cross-sectional survey during COVID-19 social quarantine. Globalization and health, 17(1), 1-12.
  • Wu, C. (2014). Flourishing for Sports. Well-being of a sportsman from perspectives of positive psychology. Singapore: Partridge.
Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 80 - 92, 30.08.2024

Abstract

References

  • Ahir, H., Bloom, N., Furceri, D. (2022). The world uncertainty index (No. w29763). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Al-Yaaribi, A. (2021). University students’ motivation for home based exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic: Sex and age differences. Journal of Physical Education Research, 8, 01-09.
  • Anokye, N. K., Trueman, P., Green, C., Pavey, T. G., ve Taylor, R. S. (2012). Physical activity and health related quality of life. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 1-8.
  • Bauman, Z., ve Türkmen, İ. (2003). Modernlik ve müphemlik. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Brand, R., Timme, S., ve Nosrat, S. (2020). When pandemic hits: Exercise frequency and subjective well-being during COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 2391.
  • Brymer, E., Davids, K., ve Mallabon, L. (2014). Understanding the psychological health and well-being benefits of physical activity in nature: An ecological dynamics analysis. Ecopsychology, 6(3), 189-197.
  • Buckworth, J., Lee, R. E., Regan, G., Schneider, L. K., ve DiClemente, C. C. (2007). Decomposing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for exercise: Application to stages of motivational readiness. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(4), 441-461
  • Butler, J., ve Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-profiler: a brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3).
  • Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A., ve Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007). Fearing the unknown: A shortversion of the intolerance of uncertainty scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 105-117.
  • Cheval, B., Sivaramakrishnan, H., Maltagliati, S., Fessler, L., Forestier, C., Sarrazin, P., Orsholits, D., Chalabaev, A., Sander, D., Ntoumanis, N., ve Boisgontier, M. P. (2021). Relationships between changes in self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviour and health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in France and Switzerland. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(6), 699-704.
  • Chouchou, F., Augustini, M., Caderby, T., Caron, N., Turpin, N. A., ve Dalleau, G. (2021). The importance of sleep and physical activity on well-being during COVID-19 lockdown: reunion island as a case study. Sleep Medicine, 77, 297-301.
  • Chu, I. H., Chen, Y. L., Wu, P. T., Wu, W. L., ve Guo, L. Y. (2021). The associations between self-determined motivation, multidimensional self-efficacy, and device-measured physical activity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8002.
  • Çakır, B. (2011). Belirsizlik ve korkunun yeni düzenin oluşmasına katkısı. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies, 36, 63-82.
  • Demirci, İ., ve Akın, A. (2015). Ruh Sağlığı Sürekliliği Kısa Formu’nun geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 48(1), 49-64.
  • Demirci, İ., Ekşi, H., Dinçer, D., ve Kardaş, S. (2017). Beş boyutlu iyi oluş modeli: PERMA Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. The Journal of Happiness & WellBeing, 5(1), 60-77.
  • Dugas, M. J., Hedayati, M., Karavidas, A., Buhr, K., Francis, K., ve Phillips, N. A. (2005). Intolerance of uncertainty and information processing: Evidence of biased recall and interpretations. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(1), 57–70.
  • Ersöz, G., Aşçı, F. H., ve Altıparmak, E. (2012). Egzersizde Davranışsal Düzenlemeler Ölçeği-2: geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 4(1), 22-31.
  • Faulkner, J., O’Brien, W. J., McGrane, B., Wadsworth, D., Batten, J., Askew, C. D., ... & Lambrick, D. (2021). Physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults during initial COVID-19 containment strategies: a multi-country cross-sectional analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 24(4), 320-326.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., ve Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages.
  • Furman, C. R., Volz, S. C., ve Rothman, A. J. (2023). Understanding physical activity declines during COVID-19: The affective repercussions of disruption to exercise routines. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 64, 102330.
  • Kingston, K. M., Horrocks, C. S., ve Hanton, S. (2006). Do multidimensional intrinsic and extrinsic motivation profiles discriminate between athlete scholarship status and gender? European Journal of Sport Science, 6(01), 53-63.
  • Koçyiğit, F., ve Yıldırım, E. (2019). Kaygı belirtilerini açıklamada bağlanma, pozitif ve negatif duygu düzenleme ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük arasındaki ilişkiyi bütünleyici model arayışı. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Leng, H. K., ve Phua, Y. X. P. (2022). Athletes as role models during the COVID-19 pandemic. Managing Sport and Leisure, 27(1-2), 163-167.
  • Leyton-Román, M., de la Vega, R., ve Jiménez-Castuera, R. (2021). Motivation and commitment to sports practice during the lockdown caused by Covid-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3846. Marashi, M. Y., Nicholson, E., Ogrodnik, M., Fenesi, B., ve Heisz, J. J. (2021). A mental health paradox: Mental health was both a motivator and barrier to physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. PloS one, 16(4), e0239244.
  • Markland, D., ve Tobin, V. (2004). A modification to the behavioural regulation in exercise questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26(2), 191-196.
  • Mullan, E., Markland, D., ve Ingledew, D. K. (1997). A graded conceptualisation of selfdetermination in the regulation of exercise behaviour: Development of a measure using confirmatory factor analytic procedures. Personality and Individual Differences, 23(5), 745-752.
  • Mutz, M., ve Gerke, M. (2021). Sport and exercise in times of self-quarantine: How Germans changed their behaviour at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 56(3), 305-316.
  • Özdemir, O., Özşaker, M., ve Ersöz, G. (2016). Serbest zaman etkinliği olarak egzersiz yapan üniversite öğrencilerinde güdüsel yönelim ve psikolojik iyi oluş ilişkisi. Turkish International Journal of Special Education and Guidance & Counselling, 5(2), 13-22.
  • Pierce, M., Hope, H., Ford, T., Hatch, S., Hotopf, M., John, A., ... ve Abel, K. M. (2020). Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(10), 883-892.
  • Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. M., Akın, A., ve Akça, M. Ş. (2014). Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği (BTÖ-12) Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1(3), 148-157.
  • Sauer, K. S., Jungmann, S. M., ve Witthöft, M. (2020). Emotional and behavioral consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of health anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and distress (in) tolerance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7241.
  • Schutz, R. W., Gessaroli, M. E., Singer, R., Murphey, M., ve Tennant, L. (1993). Use, misuse, and disuse of psychometrics in sport psychology research. Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology, 901-917.
  • Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: a visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Policy, 27(3), 60-61.
  • Tao, K., Liu, W., Xiong, S., Ken, L., Zeng, N., Peng, Q., ... ve Gao, Z. (2019). Associations between self-determined motivation, accelerometer-determined physical activity, and quality of life in Chinese college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 2941.
  • Uusiautti, S., Leskisenoja, E. M., & Hyvärinen, S. M. (2017). PERMA-based Perspectives on Sports. Science, 17(2), 30-39.
  • Vallerand, R. J. (2000). Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory: A view from the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Psychological inquiry, 11(4), 312-318.
  • Zuo, Y., Ma, Y., Zhang, M., Wu, X., & Ren, Z. (2021). The impact of sharing physical activity experience on social network sites on residents’ social connectedness: a cross-sectional survey during COVID-19 social quarantine. Globalization and health, 17(1), 1-12.
  • Wu, C. (2014). Flourishing for Sports. Well-being of a sportsman from perspectives of positive psychology. Singapore: Partridge.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Exercise and Sports Psychology
Journal Section 2024 Cilt: 5 Sayı : 2
Authors

Beste Ercan This is me

Gonca Eren This is me

Günay Yıldızer This is me

Publication Date August 30, 2024
Submission Date June 15, 2024
Acceptance Date July 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ercan, B., Eren, G., & Yıldızer, G. (2024). COVID-19 Sürecinde Egzersize Yönelik Düzenlemeler ve Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlüğün Genel İyi Oluş ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Uluslararası Bozok Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 80-92.