Research Article
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A STUDY ON WORD LIST OF ENDANGERED / SECRET DOMANI LANGUAGE

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 206 - 222, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.796473

Abstract

Domani is one of the secret Romani languages and it is an endangered language of East Anatolia due to its small number of speakers. Face-to-face interviews were made with Dom speakers living in Van and Ağrı-Doğubayazıt between 2017 and 2019. A Domani-Turkish word list was created with the narratives of Dom speakers, using Kurmanji as an intermediary language, which is typologically similar to Domani. Domani, under the influence of Kurmanji and Turkish, preserves a small number of its core lexicon and is striking in sociolinguistic terms, as it contains the cultural characteristics of the society to which the language belongs and linguistic elements related to the use of secret language. It can be understood that the social position of the speakers of the language is determinant in language contact and change, depending on the functional and pragmatic characteristics of the units of the Domani vocabulary. The words have three different appearances: sourced Domani root language, re-formed with various suffixes and Domanified, and belonging to dominant contact languages. As a result of the Dom community's sharing the same living space with the societies that are users of dominant languages and efforts of Doms to adapt to these societies in social and economic terms, Domani may also loses its function as a secret language in the near future.

References

  • Evans, Nicholas (2010). Dying Words: Endangered Languages and What They Have to Tell Us, Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Gülseren, Cemil (2001). “Darende'nin Gizli Dili Hazeynce”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 3, (2) 159-164
  • https://sbd.aku.edu.tr/II2/13-cemil-gulseren.pdf 08.07.2018
  • Heine, B.ve Kuteva, T. (2005). Language Contact and Grammatical Change, Cambridge University Press.
  • Herin, Bruno (2015). “Domari: the language of the ‘Middle Eastern Gypsies”. The Middle East in London, Volume 11 - Number 5 October – November
  • Herin, Bruno. (2016). Elements of Domari dialectology. Mediterranean Language Review 23:33–73.
  • Johanson, Lars (2008). “Remodeling grammar: Copying, conventionalization, grammaticalization”. Language Contact and Contact Languages, Editörler: K. N. Siemund. P. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Matras, Yaron (1995). Romani in Contact, The History, Structure and sociology of a language, Introduction, John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia
  • Matras, Yaron (2000). “Two Domari legends about the origin of the Doms”. Romani Studies, 5th series, 10: 53-79. Matras, Yaron (2002). Romani. A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge.
  • Matras, Yaron (2005). “Language contact, language endangerment, and the role of the ‘salvation linguist” Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description, vol 3. London: SOAS. pp. 225-251
  • Matras, Yaron (2009). Language Contact, Cambridge University Press.
  • Matras, Yaron (2012). A Grammar of Domari, Mouton Grammar Library, Editors, Georg Bossong Bernard Comrie Matthew Dryer
  • Mosel, Ulrike (2004). “Dictionary making in endangered speech communities”. In Peter K. Austin (ed.), Language documentation and description, vol. 2, 39-54. London: Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project.
  • Öztürk, Rıdvan (2015). “Kıbrıs’taki Gurbetlerin Gizli Dili”. s. 1399-1412. http://www.ayk.gov.tr/ 2015. E.T. 22.03. 03.04.2019
  • Rehbein, Jochen-Herkenrath, Annette-Karakoç, Birsel (2009) “Turkish in Germany – On contact-induced language change of an immigrant language in the multilingual landscape of Europe”. STUF, Akademie Verlag, 62, 3: s. 171-204.
  • Sevinçli, Efdal (2012). “Özel/ Gizli bir dil: Çepni dili”. Journal of Yaşar University, no 13, vol. 4, s. 1923-1949.
  • Thije, Jan D. ten (2018). “Receptive Multilingualism”. Twelve Chapters on Multilingualism, David Singleton & Larissa Aronin (eds.) Bristol: Multilingual Matters. 227-263 Thomason, Sarah Grey (2001). Language Contact, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Varol, Orhan (2019). “Tehlikedeki Doğu Anadolu Domcası: Dilsel Etkileşim ve Birinci Dilde Gerileyici Çokdillilik”, Dilbilimde Güncel Tartışmalar, İşeri K, Editör, Dilbilim Derneği Yayınları, Ankara, ss 59-75
  • Yıldırım, Faruk (2012). “Derleme Sözlüğündeki Gizli Dil Verileri Üzerine”. Turkish Studies - International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 7/4, Fall 2012, p. 565-578, ANKARA-TURKEY Wei, Li (2007). “Dimensions of Bilingualism”. The Bilingualism Reader, Editör: L. Wei. 2nd ed. Routledge. s. 1-23

TEHLİKEDEKİ / GİZLİ DİL DOMANİ SÖZCÜK LİSTESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 206 - 222, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.796473

Abstract

Roman dillerinden biri olan Domani ya da Domca, gizli dil işlevine sahiptir ve az sayıda konuşanı kaldığı için Doğu Anadolu’nun tehlikedeki dillerindendir. 2017 ve 2019 yılları arasında Van ve Ağrı-Doğubayazıt’ta yaşayan Dom konuşucularla yüz yüze görüşmeler sağlanarak tipolojik bakımdan Domaniye benzeyen Kurmanci aracı dil olarak kullanılıp elde edilen sözlü verilerle bir Domani-Türkçe sözcük listesi oluşturuldu. Kurmanci ve Türkçe etkisi altındaki Domani, az sayıdaki çekirdek sözlükçesini korurken dilin ait olduğu toplumun kültürel özelliklerini ve gizli dil kullanımına dair dilsel öğeleri içinde barındırmasıyla toplumdilbilimsel bakımdan dikkat çekmektedir. Dilsel etkileşim ve farklılaşmada dilin konuşucularının toplumsal konumlarının belirleyici olduğu, Domani söz varlığına ait birimlerin işlevsel ve kullanımsal özelliklerine bağlı olarak anlaşılmaktadır. Domani sözcükleri: köken dil Domani kaynaklı olan, çeşitli soneklerle yeniden biçimlendirilerek Domcalaştırılan ve baskın etkileşim dillerine ait olmak üzere üç farklı görünüme sahiptir. Dom toplumunun, baskın dillerin kullanıcısı olan toplumlarla aynı yaşam alanını paylaşmaları ve bu toplumlara sosyal ve ekonomik bakımdan uyum sağlama çabalarının bir sonucu olarak Domani, gizli dil olarak kullanım işlevini de yakın bir gelecekte yitirebilir.

References

  • Evans, Nicholas (2010). Dying Words: Endangered Languages and What They Have to Tell Us, Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Gülseren, Cemil (2001). “Darende'nin Gizli Dili Hazeynce”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 3, (2) 159-164
  • https://sbd.aku.edu.tr/II2/13-cemil-gulseren.pdf 08.07.2018
  • Heine, B.ve Kuteva, T. (2005). Language Contact and Grammatical Change, Cambridge University Press.
  • Herin, Bruno (2015). “Domari: the language of the ‘Middle Eastern Gypsies”. The Middle East in London, Volume 11 - Number 5 October – November
  • Herin, Bruno. (2016). Elements of Domari dialectology. Mediterranean Language Review 23:33–73.
  • Johanson, Lars (2008). “Remodeling grammar: Copying, conventionalization, grammaticalization”. Language Contact and Contact Languages, Editörler: K. N. Siemund. P. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Matras, Yaron (1995). Romani in Contact, The History, Structure and sociology of a language, Introduction, John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia
  • Matras, Yaron (2000). “Two Domari legends about the origin of the Doms”. Romani Studies, 5th series, 10: 53-79. Matras, Yaron (2002). Romani. A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge.
  • Matras, Yaron (2005). “Language contact, language endangerment, and the role of the ‘salvation linguist” Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description, vol 3. London: SOAS. pp. 225-251
  • Matras, Yaron (2009). Language Contact, Cambridge University Press.
  • Matras, Yaron (2012). A Grammar of Domari, Mouton Grammar Library, Editors, Georg Bossong Bernard Comrie Matthew Dryer
  • Mosel, Ulrike (2004). “Dictionary making in endangered speech communities”. In Peter K. Austin (ed.), Language documentation and description, vol. 2, 39-54. London: Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project.
  • Öztürk, Rıdvan (2015). “Kıbrıs’taki Gurbetlerin Gizli Dili”. s. 1399-1412. http://www.ayk.gov.tr/ 2015. E.T. 22.03. 03.04.2019
  • Rehbein, Jochen-Herkenrath, Annette-Karakoç, Birsel (2009) “Turkish in Germany – On contact-induced language change of an immigrant language in the multilingual landscape of Europe”. STUF, Akademie Verlag, 62, 3: s. 171-204.
  • Sevinçli, Efdal (2012). “Özel/ Gizli bir dil: Çepni dili”. Journal of Yaşar University, no 13, vol. 4, s. 1923-1949.
  • Thije, Jan D. ten (2018). “Receptive Multilingualism”. Twelve Chapters on Multilingualism, David Singleton & Larissa Aronin (eds.) Bristol: Multilingual Matters. 227-263 Thomason, Sarah Grey (2001). Language Contact, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Varol, Orhan (2019). “Tehlikedeki Doğu Anadolu Domcası: Dilsel Etkileşim ve Birinci Dilde Gerileyici Çokdillilik”, Dilbilimde Güncel Tartışmalar, İşeri K, Editör, Dilbilim Derneği Yayınları, Ankara, ss 59-75
  • Yıldırım, Faruk (2012). “Derleme Sözlüğündeki Gizli Dil Verileri Üzerine”. Turkish Studies - International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 7/4, Fall 2012, p. 565-578, ANKARA-TURKEY Wei, Li (2007). “Dimensions of Bilingualism”. The Bilingualism Reader, Editör: L. Wei. 2nd ed. Routledge. s. 1-23
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Linguistics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Orhan Varol 0000-0001-8662-484X

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Submission Date September 17, 2020
Acceptance Date December 7, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Varol, O. (2020). TEHLİKEDEKİ / GİZLİ DİL DOMANİ SÖZCÜK LİSTESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA. Uluslararası Dil Edebiyat Ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 206-222. https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.796473

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