Integration of Religious Teachings with the Theory of Evolution: Teilhard De Chardin’s Understanding of Universal Evolution

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 95 - 120, 30.06.2020

Yasin Bayar

Abstract

The existence of man and the universe has occupied the minds of thinkers for centuries. The origin, beginning, position of man, qualities, distinctive characteristics of the universe, the concept of the universe and human beings stand before us. It turns the attention of some thinkers and scientists who want to explain the origins of the universe and man to the idea of evolution. The idea of the theistic evolution, led by Teilhard in the history of thought, advocates the idea of evolutionary creation, which can be considered a synthesis of the idea of evolution and creationism, in explaining the origins of the universe and man. In this article, we will examine how Teilhard's universal evolution concept, which he has put forward within the framework of his identity as a scientist, can be evaluated from a point of view of established scientific paradigms and whether it is consistent within its internal structure. The purpose of this article is to lay out the idea that Teilhard's universal evolution system cannot be considered a scientific theory. The universal evolution thought it presents is the result of the blending of scientific, religious and metaphysical judgments. However, from the point of view of the current scientific paradigms, some basic concepts of science are ignored within this Teilhard's thought system.

Keywords

Evolutionary Creation, Union, The “Within”, Radial Energy, Law of Complexity

Evrim Teorisi ile Dini Öğretilerin Bütünleştirilmesi - Teilhard De Chardin’in Evrensel Tekâmül Anlayışı

Abstract

İnsanın ve kâinatın var oluşu yüzyıllarca düşünürlerin zihnini meşgul etmiştir. Kâinatın kökeni, başlangıcı, kâinat içinde insanın konumu, nitelikleri, ayırt edici özellikleri evreni ve insanı anlamada ön plana çıkan unsurlar olarak karşımızda durmakta ve kâinatın ve insanın kökenini izah etmek isteyen bir takım düşünürlerin ve bilim adamlarının dikkatini evrim fikrine yöneltmektedir. Düşünce tarihinde Teilhard’ın başını çektiği teist evrim fikri, kâinatın ve insanın kökenini izah etme konusunda, evrim fikri ile yaratılışçcılık fikrinin bir sentezi sayılabilecek evrimsel yaratma düşüncesini savunmaktadır. Bu makalede Teilhard’ın bilim adamı kimliği çerçevesinde ortaya koymuş olduğu evrensel tekâmül anlayışının yerleşik bilimsel paradigmalar açısından bakıldığında nasıl değerlendirilebileceği ve kendi içyapısı içerisinde tutarlı olup olmadığını inceleyeceğiz. Bu makalenin amacı Teilhard’ın kendi sistemi içerisinde tutarlı olduğunu ancak mevcut bilimsel paradigmalar açısından ortaya koymuş olduğu evrensel tekâmül fikrinin bilimsel, dini ve metafizik yargıları birbirine harmanlayarak bir sistem oluşturmaya çalıştığı ve bilimin temel bazı kavramlarını gözardı ettiiği için bilimsel bir teori olarak kabul edilemeyeceği fikrini ortaya koymaktır.

Keywords

Evrimsel Yaratma, Bütünsellik, İçsellik, Radyal Enerji, Kompleksite Kanunu

References

• Braaten, M. and Windschtill, M. Working toward a stronger conceptualization of Scientific Explanation For Science Education, Science Education , 2011
• Bone, E. L. ,New Catholic Encyclopedia, “Teilhard”., Volume XIII, The Catholic University of America, 1967
• Buckeridge, J.S, ”The ongoing evolution of humanness perspectives from Darwin to de Chardin”, South African Journal of Science 105, November/December 2009
• Devoy, Loretta Marie, A Study of The Eucharistic Texts of Teilhard de Chardin, Loretta Marie Devoy, Fordham University, 1987.
• Dos Santos, Gildasio Mendes, Living Real Experience in Virtual Network Environments in Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Pro Quest Dissertations and Theses, 2000.
• Galenli, Ludovico and Scalfari Francesco, “Teilhard de Chardin’s Engagemenet with the Relationship between Science and Theology in Light”, Ecotheology 10 (2): 197,2005
• Gray, Donald P.,The Phenomenon of Teilhard,Theological Studies ,Vol.36, No 1,1975
• Grunberg, T ve Grunberg, D., Bilim Felsefesi. İ.Taşdelen (Ed) Bilimsel Açıklama içinde(s.52-84)1.Baskı, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayını,2011
• Gowan, John A. , Teilhard de Chardin-Prophet of Information Age, Erişim 2 Mayıs 2017,http://www.webcitation.org/5eiYkyw2n
• Homlish, John, God and The Cosmos According To Teilhard de Chardin and Alfred North Whitehead, McMaster University, 1975.
• Lane ,David H., The Phenomenon of Teilhard: Prophet for a New Age,Mercer University Pressi,1996
• Mabry, John R.,”Cyber space and the Dream of Teilhard de Chardin”,Creation Spirituality, 2004
• McCarty, Doran, Makers of the Modern Theological Mind, Teilhard de Chardin, Word Books, Publisher, Texas, 1976.
• Murray,Michael H.,The Thought of Teilhard de Chardin,The Seabury Press, Newyork, 1966.
• Oxford Dictionary of English 2e, "Entropy" , Oxford University Press, 2003
• Özlem, Doğan, Bilim Felsefesi Ders Notları, İnkılap Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2003
• Rudolph, J. L. Stewart , Evolotion and the Nature of Science: On the Historical Discord and its implications For Education. Journal of Research in Science Teaching,1998
• Sutton, Agneta, Teilhard de Chardin’s Chtisto centric Trinitarianism, New Blackfriars, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2010.
• Teilhard de Chardin and the Omega Point, Erişim 12 Ağustos 2015, http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/8/0,5716,73418+1+71560,00.html.
• Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, Activation of Energy, A Helen and Kurt Wolff Book, translated by Rene Hague,1971.
• Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, The Appearance of Man, Harper Row Publishers, J.M.Cohen,1965
• Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, The Future of Man, Image Books, translated by Norman Denny,1964
• Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, Human Energy, A Helen and Kurt WolffBook, translated by J.M. Cohen,1969
• Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, Man’s Place in Nature, Collins Fontana Books, translated by Rene Hague,1966
• Teilhard de Chardin,Pierre, The Phenomenon of Man, tr.B.Wall, Newyork,1965
• Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, The Vision of the Past, NewYork: Harperand Row, Publishers, 1967
• Thackeray, J.Francis, “On Piltdown: The Possible Roles of Teilhard de Chardin, Martin Hinton and Charles Dawson”, Institude for Human Evolution, 2011
• Yıldırım, Cemal, Bilim Felsefesi, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul,2000 http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Chemistry/1/Early-Ideas-about-Matter/49, Erişim 2 Ağustos 2017