Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies in the Relationship between Cognitive Flexibility and Well-being

Year 2021, , 38 - 56, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.52134/ueader.889204

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of cognitive flexibility on the five EPOCH well-being components: engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness and happiness. The study also investigates the mediating roles of coping styles (i.e., active coping and negative coping) in this relationship. The participants consisted of 488 high school students. The data were collected through Cognitive Flexibility Scale, KIDCOPE, and EPOCH. It was found that cognitive flexibility was a significant predictor of active coping, negative coping and five EPOCH well-being variables. Cognitive flexibility positively affected active coping and five components of EPOCH well-being (engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness and happiness) while it affected avoidant coping negatively. The findings of the research showed that both active and negative coping played mediating roles between cognitive flexibility and EPOCH five-dimensional well-being variables. The practical implications for school teachers, limitations and further research for the researchers are presented in the study.

References

  • Akçay Özcan, D., & Kiran Esen, B. (2016). Ergenlerin bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ile özyeterlikleri arasindaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 1(1), 1-8.
  • Al Mutairi, A. N. M. (2015). The effect of using brainstorming strategy in developing creative problem solving skills among male students in Kuwait: A field study on Saud Al-Kharji School in Kuwait City. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(3), 136-145.
  • Antaramian, S., Kamble, S. V., & Huebner, E. S. (2016). Life satisfaction and coping in Hindu adolescents in India. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(4), 1703-1717. doi 10.1007/s10902-015-9666-0
  • Asıcı, E. & İkiz, E. (2015). A pathway to happiness: Cognitive flexibility. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35, 191 -211.
  • Bálint, Á. (2014). Towards the positive psychology of adolescence. HERJ Hungarian Educational Research Journal, 4(2), 4-18. doi: 10.14413/herj.2014.02.02.
  • Bedel, A., Isik, E., & Hamarta, E. (2014). Psychometric properties of the KIDCOPE in Turkish adolescents. Education and Science, 39(176), 227-235. doi: 10.15390/EB.2014.3501
  • Bedel, A. & Güler, G. (2019). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin psikolojik sağlamlıklarının başa çıkma stratejileri açısından incelenmesi. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 71, 157-169.
  • Bedel, A., & Ulubey, E. (2015). Ergenlerde başa çıkma stratejilerini açıklamada bilişsel esnekliğin rolü. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(55), 291-300.
  • Brockmeyer, T., Ingenerf, K., Walther, S., Wild, B., Hartmann, M., Herzog, W., ... & Friederich, H. C. (2014). Training cognitive flexibility in patients with anorexia nervosa: a pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive remediation therapy. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(1), 24-31. doi: 10.1002/eat.22206
  • Browne, M.W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen, K.A., & Long, J.S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
  • Carothers, K. J., Arizaga, J. A., Carter, J. S., Taylor, J., & Grant, K. E. (2016). The costs and benefits of active coping for adolescents residing in urban poverty. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(7), 1323-1337. doi: 10.1007/s10964-016-0487-1
  • Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267-283.
  • Chan, W. Y., Ou, S. R., & Reynolds, A. J. (2014). Adolescent civic engagement and adult outcomes: An examination among urban racial minorities. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(11), 1829-1843. doi: 10.1007/s10964-014-0136-5
  • Cheng, C., Kogan, A., & Chio, J. H. M. (2012). The effectiveness of a new, coping flexibility intervention as compared with a cognitive-behavioural intervention in managing work stress. Work & Stress, 26(3), 272-288. doi: 10.1080/02678373.2012.710369
  • Ciairano, S., Bonino, S., & Miceli, R. (2006). Cognitive flexibility and social competence from childhood to early adolescence. Cognitie, Creier, Comportament/Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 10(3), 343-366.
  • Cicognani, E. (2011). Coping strategies with minor stressors in adolescence: Relationships with social support, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(3), 559-578. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00726.x
  • Coffey, J. K., Warren, M. T., & Gottfried, A. W. (2015). Does infant happiness forecast adult life satisfaction? Examining subjective well-being in the first quarter century of life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(6), 1401-1421. doi: 10.1007/s10902-014-9556-x
  • Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 87-127. doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.127.1.87
  • Cosgrove, J. M., Chen, Y. T., & Castelli, D. M. (2018). Physical fitness, grit, school attendance, and academic performance among adolescents. BioMed Research International, article ID: 9801258 7 pages. doi: 10.1155/2018/9801258
  • Coyle, L. D., & Vera, E. M. (2013). Uncontrollable stress, coping, and subjective well-being in urban adolescents. Journal of Youth Studies, 16(3), 391-403. doi: 10.1080/13676261.2012.756975
  • Çelikkaleli, Ö. (2014). The validity and reliability of the cognitive flexibility scale. Education and Science, 39(176), 339-346. doi: 10.15390/EB.2014.3466
  • Datu, J. A. D., King, R. B., Valdez, J. P. M., & Eala, M. S. M. (2019). Grit is associated with lower depression via meaning in life among Filipino high school students. Youth & Society, 51(6), 865-876. doi: 10.1177/0044118X18760402
  • Daukantaite, D., & Bergman, L. R. (2005). Childhood roots of women's subjective well-being: The role of optimism. European Psychologist, 10(4), 287-297. 10.1027/1016-9040.10.4.287
  • Demirci, İ., & Ekşi, F. (2015). Ergenler için beş boyutlu iyi oluş modeli: EPOCH ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 9-30.
  • Demirtaş, A. S. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma stratejileri: Bilişsel esneklik ve öz-düzenlemenin rolü.Turkish Studies Social Sciences, 14(3), 447-464. doi: 0.29228/TurkishStudies.22480
  • Demirtaş, A. S. (2020a). Cognitive flexibility and mental well-being in Turkish adolescents: The mediating role of academic, social and emotional self-efficacy. Anales De Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 36(1), 111-121. doi: 10.6018/analesps.336681
  • Demirtaş, A. S. (2020b). Optimism and happiness in undergraduate students: Cognitive flexibility and adjustment to university life as mediators. Anales De Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 36(2), 320-329. doi: 10.6018/analesps.381181
  • Dennis, J. P. & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010) The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, 241-53. doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4
  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542–575.
  • Ekşi, F., Demirci, İ., & Tanyeri, H. (2020). Problematic technology use and well-being in adolescence: The personal and relational effects of technology. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 7(2), 107-121. doi: 10.5152/ADDICTA.2020.19077
  • Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (2009). Relations among well-being, avoidant coping, and active coping in a large sample of Australian adolescents. Psychological Reports, 104(3), 745-758. doi: 10.2466/PR0.104.3.745-758
  • Fu, F., & Chow, A. (2017). Traumatic exposure and psychological well-being: The moderating role of cognitive flexibility. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 22(1), 24-35. doi: 10.1080/15325024.2016.1161428
  • Furlong, M. J., Gilman, R., & Huebner, E. S. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of positive psychology in schools. New York:Routledge.
  • Gao, J. L., Wang, L. H., Yin, X. Q., Hsieh, H. F., Rost, D. H., Zimmerman, M. A., & Wang, J. L. (2019). The promotive effects of peer support and active coping in relation to negative life events and depression in Chinese adolescents at boarding schools. Current Psychology, 1-10. doi:10.1007/s12144-019-0143-5
  • Gutman, L. M., Brown, R., Akerman, R., & Polina, O. (2010). Change in wellbeing from childhood to adolescence: risk and resilience. Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of learning.
  • Güleç, S. (2020). Lise öğrencilerinde bilişsel esneklik ile psikolojik sağlamlık arasındaki ilişkide yaşam amaçlarının aracı rolü. Gelişim ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(1), 27-35.
  • Heizomi, H., Allahverdipour, H., Jafarabadi, M. A., & Safaian, A. (2015). Happiness and its relation to psychological well-being of adolescents. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 16, 55-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.05.037
  • Jose, P. E., Ryan, N., & Pryor, J. (2012). Does social connectedness promote a greater sense of well‐being in adolescence over time?. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22(2), 235-251. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00783.x
  • Kannan, D., & Levitt, H. M. (2013). A review of client self-criticism in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23(2), 166-178. doi: 10.1037%2Fa0032355
  • Kern, M. L., Benson, L., Steinberg, E. A., & Steinberg, L. (2016). The EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being. Psychological Assessment, 28(5), 586–597. doi:10.1037/pas0000201
  • Kern, M. L., Zeng, G., Hou, H., & Peng, K. (2019). The Chinese version of the EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being: testing cross-cultural measurement invariance. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 37(6), 757-769. doi: 10.1177/0734282918789561
  • Koesten, J., Schrodt, P., & Ford, D. J. (2009). Cognitive flexibility as a mediator of family communication environments and young adults' well-being. Health Communication, 24(1), 82-94. doi: 10.1080/10410230802607024
  • Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Kuyumcu, B. & Kirazcı, F. (2020). The link between cognitive flexibility and educational stress among high school students: mediation through perception of teacher acceptance. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 10 (58), 515-530.
  • Lei, H., Cui, Y., & Zhou, W. (2018). Relationships between student engagement and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 46(3), 517-528.doi: 10.2224/sbp.7054
  • Liu, X., Tein, J. Y., & Zhao, Z. (2004). Coping strategies and behavioral/emotional problems among Chinese adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 126(3), 275-285. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.02.006
  • Malaquias, S., Crespo, C., & Francisco, R. (2015). How do adolescents benefit from family rituals? Links to social connectedness, depression and anxiety. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(10), 3009-3017. doi: 10.1007/s10826-014-0104-4
  • Malkoç, A., & Kesen Mutlu, A. (2019). Mediating the effect of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between psychological well-being and self-confidence: A study on Turkish university students. International Journal of Higher Education, 8(6), 278-287. doi: 10.5430/ijhe.v8n6p278
  • Marsh, H.W., Hau, K.T., Artelt, C., Baumert, J., & Peschar, J.L. (2006). OECD’s brief self-report measure of educational psychology’s most useful affective constructs: Cross-cultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. International Journal of Testing, 6(4), 311-360. doi: 10.1207/s15327574ijt0604_1
  • Martin, M. M., & Anderson, C. M. (1998). The cognitive flexibility scale: Three validity studies. Communication Reports, 11, 1-9.
  • Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76(2), 623-626.
  • Miller Smedema, S., Catalano, D., & Ebener, D. J. (2010). The relationship of coping, self-worth, and subjective well-being: A structural equation model. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 53(3), 131-142. doi: 10.1177/0034355209358272
  • Moeini, B., Bashirian, S., Soltanian, A. R., Ghaleiha, A., & Taheri, M. (2019). Prevalence of depression and its associated socio demographic factors among Iranian female adolescents in secondary schools. BMC Psychology, 7(25), 1-11 doi:10.1186/s40359-019-0298-8
  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2012). Mplus user's guide. Seventh Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
  • Muyan-Yılık, M., & Demir, A. (2020). A pathway towards subjective well-being for Turkish university students: The roles of dispositional hope, cognitive flexibility, and coping strategies. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21 1945-1963. doi: 10.1007/s10902-019-00162-2
  • Patton, G. C., Tollit, M. M., Romaniuk, H., Spence, S. H., Sheffield, J., & Sawyer, M. G. (2011). A prospective study of the effects of optimism on adolescent health risks. Pediatrics, 127(2), 308-316. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0748
  • Puskar, K. R., Sereika, S. M., Lamb, J., Tusaie-Mumford, K., & McGuinness, T. (1999). Optimism and its relationship to depression, coping, anger, and life events in rural adolescents. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 20(2), 115-130. doi: 10.1080/016128499248709
  • Puskar, K., Sereika, S., & Tusaie‐Mumford, K. (2003). Effect of the Teaching Kids to Cope (TKC©) program on outcomes of depression and coping among rural adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 16(2), 71-80.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
  • Salmela‐Aro, K., & Upadyaya, K. (2014). School burnout and engagement in the context of demands–resources model. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(1), 137-151. doi:10.1111/bjep.12018
  • Satan, A. A. (2014). Dini inanç ve bilişsel esneklik düzeylerinin öznel iyi oluş düzeyine olan etkisi. 21. Yüzyılda Eğitim ve Toplum, 3(7), 56-74.
  • Seligman, M. (2011). Flourish. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Spirito, A., Stark, L. J., & Tyc, V. L. (1994). Stressors and coping strategies described during hospitalization by chronically ill children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23(3), 314-322.
  • Spirito, A., Stark, L. J., & Williams, C. (1988). Development of a brief coping checklist for use with pediatric populations. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 13(4), 555-574.
  • Steinberg, L. (2013). Adolescence. (F. Çok, Trans. Ed.). Ankara: İmge Kitapevi. (Orjinal work published 1985)
  • Steiner, R. J., Sheremenko, G., Lesesne, C., Dittus, P. J., Sieving, R. E., & Ethier, K. A. (2019). Adolescent connectedness and adult health outcomes. Pediatrics, 144(1), e20183766.doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3766
  • Stevens, A. D. (2009). Social problem-solving and cognitive flexibility: Relations to social skills and problem behavior of at-risk young children. Unpublished doctoral thesis Available from ProOuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3359050)
  • Sun, P., Sun, Y., Jiang, H., Jia, R., & Li, Z. (2019). Gratitude and problem behaviors in adolescents: The mediating roles of positive and negative coping styles. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1547. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01547
  • Taş, S., & Deniz, S. (2018). Sekizinci sınıf öğrencilerinin matematiğe yönelik öğrenilmiş çaresizliklerinin yordanması: Problem çözme becerisi ve bilişsel esneklik. Türk Bilgisayar ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 9(3), 581-617.
  • Tetzner, J., & Becker, M. (2018). Think positive? Examining the impact of optimism on academic achievement in early adolescents. Journal of Personality, 86(2), 283-295. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12312
  • Tutuş, A. (2019). 11- 14 yaş arasında olan ergenlerin stresle başa çıkma tarzları ve bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. Unpublished master thesis. Çağ University, Turkey.
  • Ümmet, D., & Demirci, G. (2017). The effect of group counseling implementation on secondary school students’ well-being in the context of life skills education. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 45(45), 153-170. doi: 10.15285/maruaebd.263879
  • Yelpaze, İ., & Yakar, L. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumu ve bilişsel esnekliklerinin incelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 9(54), 913-935.
  • Yelpaze, İ., & Yakar, L. (2020). The Relationship between Altruism and Life Satisfaction: Mediator Role of Cognitive Flexibility. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 49(1), 142-162. doi: 10.14812/cufej.628825
  • Wang, M. T., & Fredricks, J. A. (2014). The reciprocal links between school engagement, youth problem behaviors, and school dropout during adolescence. Child Development, 85(2), 722-737. doi: 10.1111/cdev.1213

Bilişsel Esneklik ile İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişkide Başa Çıkma Stratejilerinin Aracı Rolü

Year 2021, , 38 - 56, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.52134/ueader.889204

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı; bilişsel esnekliğin ergenlerin EPOCH beş boyutlu iyi oluşu (bağlılık, kararlılık, iyimserlik, ilişkililik ve mutluluk) üzerindeki etkisini keşfetmektir. Çalışmada ayrıca bilişsel esneklik ile EPOCH beş boyutlu iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkide başa çıkma stratejilerinin (aktif başa çıkma, kaçınan başa çıkma ve olumsuz başa çıkma) aracı rolleri de incelenmektedir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 488 lise öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği, KIDCOPE Başa Çıkma Ölçeği ve EPOCH Beş Boyutlu İyi Oluş Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; bilişsel esneklik aktif başa çıkma, negatif başa çıkma ve iyi oluşun beş öğesinin anlamlı bir yordayıcısıdır. Bilişsel esneklik aktif başa çıkma ile iyi oluşun beş öğesini (bağlılık, kararlılık, iyimserlik, ilişkililik ve mutluluk) pozitif yönde etkilerken; kaçınan başa çıkmayı negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Hem aktif hem de negatif başa çıkma stratejileri bilişsel esneklik ile EPOCH beş boyutlu iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkide aracı rol oynamaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara dayalı olarak, öğretmen, okul psikolojik danışmanları ve gelecek araştırmacılar için öneriler sunulmuştur.

References

  • Akçay Özcan, D., & Kiran Esen, B. (2016). Ergenlerin bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ile özyeterlikleri arasindaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 1(1), 1-8.
  • Al Mutairi, A. N. M. (2015). The effect of using brainstorming strategy in developing creative problem solving skills among male students in Kuwait: A field study on Saud Al-Kharji School in Kuwait City. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(3), 136-145.
  • Antaramian, S., Kamble, S. V., & Huebner, E. S. (2016). Life satisfaction and coping in Hindu adolescents in India. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(4), 1703-1717. doi 10.1007/s10902-015-9666-0
  • Asıcı, E. & İkiz, E. (2015). A pathway to happiness: Cognitive flexibility. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35, 191 -211.
  • Bálint, Á. (2014). Towards the positive psychology of adolescence. HERJ Hungarian Educational Research Journal, 4(2), 4-18. doi: 10.14413/herj.2014.02.02.
  • Bedel, A., Isik, E., & Hamarta, E. (2014). Psychometric properties of the KIDCOPE in Turkish adolescents. Education and Science, 39(176), 227-235. doi: 10.15390/EB.2014.3501
  • Bedel, A. & Güler, G. (2019). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin psikolojik sağlamlıklarının başa çıkma stratejileri açısından incelenmesi. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 71, 157-169.
  • Bedel, A., & Ulubey, E. (2015). Ergenlerde başa çıkma stratejilerini açıklamada bilişsel esnekliğin rolü. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(55), 291-300.
  • Brockmeyer, T., Ingenerf, K., Walther, S., Wild, B., Hartmann, M., Herzog, W., ... & Friederich, H. C. (2014). Training cognitive flexibility in patients with anorexia nervosa: a pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive remediation therapy. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(1), 24-31. doi: 10.1002/eat.22206
  • Browne, M.W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen, K.A., & Long, J.S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
  • Carothers, K. J., Arizaga, J. A., Carter, J. S., Taylor, J., & Grant, K. E. (2016). The costs and benefits of active coping for adolescents residing in urban poverty. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(7), 1323-1337. doi: 10.1007/s10964-016-0487-1
  • Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267-283.
  • Chan, W. Y., Ou, S. R., & Reynolds, A. J. (2014). Adolescent civic engagement and adult outcomes: An examination among urban racial minorities. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(11), 1829-1843. doi: 10.1007/s10964-014-0136-5
  • Cheng, C., Kogan, A., & Chio, J. H. M. (2012). The effectiveness of a new, coping flexibility intervention as compared with a cognitive-behavioural intervention in managing work stress. Work & Stress, 26(3), 272-288. doi: 10.1080/02678373.2012.710369
  • Ciairano, S., Bonino, S., & Miceli, R. (2006). Cognitive flexibility and social competence from childhood to early adolescence. Cognitie, Creier, Comportament/Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 10(3), 343-366.
  • Cicognani, E. (2011). Coping strategies with minor stressors in adolescence: Relationships with social support, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(3), 559-578. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00726.x
  • Coffey, J. K., Warren, M. T., & Gottfried, A. W. (2015). Does infant happiness forecast adult life satisfaction? Examining subjective well-being in the first quarter century of life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(6), 1401-1421. doi: 10.1007/s10902-014-9556-x
  • Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 87-127. doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.127.1.87
  • Cosgrove, J. M., Chen, Y. T., & Castelli, D. M. (2018). Physical fitness, grit, school attendance, and academic performance among adolescents. BioMed Research International, article ID: 9801258 7 pages. doi: 10.1155/2018/9801258
  • Coyle, L. D., & Vera, E. M. (2013). Uncontrollable stress, coping, and subjective well-being in urban adolescents. Journal of Youth Studies, 16(3), 391-403. doi: 10.1080/13676261.2012.756975
  • Çelikkaleli, Ö. (2014). The validity and reliability of the cognitive flexibility scale. Education and Science, 39(176), 339-346. doi: 10.15390/EB.2014.3466
  • Datu, J. A. D., King, R. B., Valdez, J. P. M., & Eala, M. S. M. (2019). Grit is associated with lower depression via meaning in life among Filipino high school students. Youth & Society, 51(6), 865-876. doi: 10.1177/0044118X18760402
  • Daukantaite, D., & Bergman, L. R. (2005). Childhood roots of women's subjective well-being: The role of optimism. European Psychologist, 10(4), 287-297. 10.1027/1016-9040.10.4.287
  • Demirci, İ., & Ekşi, F. (2015). Ergenler için beş boyutlu iyi oluş modeli: EPOCH ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 9-30.
  • Demirtaş, A. S. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma stratejileri: Bilişsel esneklik ve öz-düzenlemenin rolü.Turkish Studies Social Sciences, 14(3), 447-464. doi: 0.29228/TurkishStudies.22480
  • Demirtaş, A. S. (2020a). Cognitive flexibility and mental well-being in Turkish adolescents: The mediating role of academic, social and emotional self-efficacy. Anales De Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 36(1), 111-121. doi: 10.6018/analesps.336681
  • Demirtaş, A. S. (2020b). Optimism and happiness in undergraduate students: Cognitive flexibility and adjustment to university life as mediators. Anales De Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 36(2), 320-329. doi: 10.6018/analesps.381181
  • Dennis, J. P. & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010) The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, 241-53. doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4
  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542–575.
  • Ekşi, F., Demirci, İ., & Tanyeri, H. (2020). Problematic technology use and well-being in adolescence: The personal and relational effects of technology. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 7(2), 107-121. doi: 10.5152/ADDICTA.2020.19077
  • Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (2009). Relations among well-being, avoidant coping, and active coping in a large sample of Australian adolescents. Psychological Reports, 104(3), 745-758. doi: 10.2466/PR0.104.3.745-758
  • Fu, F., & Chow, A. (2017). Traumatic exposure and psychological well-being: The moderating role of cognitive flexibility. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 22(1), 24-35. doi: 10.1080/15325024.2016.1161428
  • Furlong, M. J., Gilman, R., & Huebner, E. S. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of positive psychology in schools. New York:Routledge.
  • Gao, J. L., Wang, L. H., Yin, X. Q., Hsieh, H. F., Rost, D. H., Zimmerman, M. A., & Wang, J. L. (2019). The promotive effects of peer support and active coping in relation to negative life events and depression in Chinese adolescents at boarding schools. Current Psychology, 1-10. doi:10.1007/s12144-019-0143-5
  • Gutman, L. M., Brown, R., Akerman, R., & Polina, O. (2010). Change in wellbeing from childhood to adolescence: risk and resilience. Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of learning.
  • Güleç, S. (2020). Lise öğrencilerinde bilişsel esneklik ile psikolojik sağlamlık arasındaki ilişkide yaşam amaçlarının aracı rolü. Gelişim ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(1), 27-35.
  • Heizomi, H., Allahverdipour, H., Jafarabadi, M. A., & Safaian, A. (2015). Happiness and its relation to psychological well-being of adolescents. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 16, 55-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.05.037
  • Jose, P. E., Ryan, N., & Pryor, J. (2012). Does social connectedness promote a greater sense of well‐being in adolescence over time?. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22(2), 235-251. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00783.x
  • Kannan, D., & Levitt, H. M. (2013). A review of client self-criticism in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23(2), 166-178. doi: 10.1037%2Fa0032355
  • Kern, M. L., Benson, L., Steinberg, E. A., & Steinberg, L. (2016). The EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being. Psychological Assessment, 28(5), 586–597. doi:10.1037/pas0000201
  • Kern, M. L., Zeng, G., Hou, H., & Peng, K. (2019). The Chinese version of the EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being: testing cross-cultural measurement invariance. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 37(6), 757-769. doi: 10.1177/0734282918789561
  • Koesten, J., Schrodt, P., & Ford, D. J. (2009). Cognitive flexibility as a mediator of family communication environments and young adults' well-being. Health Communication, 24(1), 82-94. doi: 10.1080/10410230802607024
  • Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Kuyumcu, B. & Kirazcı, F. (2020). The link between cognitive flexibility and educational stress among high school students: mediation through perception of teacher acceptance. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 10 (58), 515-530.
  • Lei, H., Cui, Y., & Zhou, W. (2018). Relationships between student engagement and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 46(3), 517-528.doi: 10.2224/sbp.7054
  • Liu, X., Tein, J. Y., & Zhao, Z. (2004). Coping strategies and behavioral/emotional problems among Chinese adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 126(3), 275-285. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.02.006
  • Malaquias, S., Crespo, C., & Francisco, R. (2015). How do adolescents benefit from family rituals? Links to social connectedness, depression and anxiety. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(10), 3009-3017. doi: 10.1007/s10826-014-0104-4
  • Malkoç, A., & Kesen Mutlu, A. (2019). Mediating the effect of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between psychological well-being and self-confidence: A study on Turkish university students. International Journal of Higher Education, 8(6), 278-287. doi: 10.5430/ijhe.v8n6p278
  • Marsh, H.W., Hau, K.T., Artelt, C., Baumert, J., & Peschar, J.L. (2006). OECD’s brief self-report measure of educational psychology’s most useful affective constructs: Cross-cultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. International Journal of Testing, 6(4), 311-360. doi: 10.1207/s15327574ijt0604_1
  • Martin, M. M., & Anderson, C. M. (1998). The cognitive flexibility scale: Three validity studies. Communication Reports, 11, 1-9.
  • Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76(2), 623-626.
  • Miller Smedema, S., Catalano, D., & Ebener, D. J. (2010). The relationship of coping, self-worth, and subjective well-being: A structural equation model. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 53(3), 131-142. doi: 10.1177/0034355209358272
  • Moeini, B., Bashirian, S., Soltanian, A. R., Ghaleiha, A., & Taheri, M. (2019). Prevalence of depression and its associated socio demographic factors among Iranian female adolescents in secondary schools. BMC Psychology, 7(25), 1-11 doi:10.1186/s40359-019-0298-8
  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2012). Mplus user's guide. Seventh Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
  • Muyan-Yılık, M., & Demir, A. (2020). A pathway towards subjective well-being for Turkish university students: The roles of dispositional hope, cognitive flexibility, and coping strategies. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21 1945-1963. doi: 10.1007/s10902-019-00162-2
  • Patton, G. C., Tollit, M. M., Romaniuk, H., Spence, S. H., Sheffield, J., & Sawyer, M. G. (2011). A prospective study of the effects of optimism on adolescent health risks. Pediatrics, 127(2), 308-316. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0748
  • Puskar, K. R., Sereika, S. M., Lamb, J., Tusaie-Mumford, K., & McGuinness, T. (1999). Optimism and its relationship to depression, coping, anger, and life events in rural adolescents. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 20(2), 115-130. doi: 10.1080/016128499248709
  • Puskar, K., Sereika, S., & Tusaie‐Mumford, K. (2003). Effect of the Teaching Kids to Cope (TKC©) program on outcomes of depression and coping among rural adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 16(2), 71-80.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
  • Salmela‐Aro, K., & Upadyaya, K. (2014). School burnout and engagement in the context of demands–resources model. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(1), 137-151. doi:10.1111/bjep.12018
  • Satan, A. A. (2014). Dini inanç ve bilişsel esneklik düzeylerinin öznel iyi oluş düzeyine olan etkisi. 21. Yüzyılda Eğitim ve Toplum, 3(7), 56-74.
  • Seligman, M. (2011). Flourish. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Spirito, A., Stark, L. J., & Tyc, V. L. (1994). Stressors and coping strategies described during hospitalization by chronically ill children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23(3), 314-322.
  • Spirito, A., Stark, L. J., & Williams, C. (1988). Development of a brief coping checklist for use with pediatric populations. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 13(4), 555-574.
  • Steinberg, L. (2013). Adolescence. (F. Çok, Trans. Ed.). Ankara: İmge Kitapevi. (Orjinal work published 1985)
  • Steiner, R. J., Sheremenko, G., Lesesne, C., Dittus, P. J., Sieving, R. E., & Ethier, K. A. (2019). Adolescent connectedness and adult health outcomes. Pediatrics, 144(1), e20183766.doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3766
  • Stevens, A. D. (2009). Social problem-solving and cognitive flexibility: Relations to social skills and problem behavior of at-risk young children. Unpublished doctoral thesis Available from ProOuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3359050)
  • Sun, P., Sun, Y., Jiang, H., Jia, R., & Li, Z. (2019). Gratitude and problem behaviors in adolescents: The mediating roles of positive and negative coping styles. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1547. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01547
  • Taş, S., & Deniz, S. (2018). Sekizinci sınıf öğrencilerinin matematiğe yönelik öğrenilmiş çaresizliklerinin yordanması: Problem çözme becerisi ve bilişsel esneklik. Türk Bilgisayar ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 9(3), 581-617.
  • Tetzner, J., & Becker, M. (2018). Think positive? Examining the impact of optimism on academic achievement in early adolescents. Journal of Personality, 86(2), 283-295. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12312
  • Tutuş, A. (2019). 11- 14 yaş arasında olan ergenlerin stresle başa çıkma tarzları ve bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. Unpublished master thesis. Çağ University, Turkey.
  • Ümmet, D., & Demirci, G. (2017). The effect of group counseling implementation on secondary school students’ well-being in the context of life skills education. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 45(45), 153-170. doi: 10.15285/maruaebd.263879
  • Yelpaze, İ., & Yakar, L. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumu ve bilişsel esnekliklerinin incelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 9(54), 913-935.
  • Yelpaze, İ., & Yakar, L. (2020). The Relationship between Altruism and Life Satisfaction: Mediator Role of Cognitive Flexibility. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 49(1), 142-162. doi: 10.14812/cufej.628825
  • Wang, M. T., & Fredricks, J. A. (2014). The reciprocal links between school engagement, youth problem behaviors, and school dropout during adolescence. Child Development, 85(2), 722-737. doi: 10.1111/cdev.1213
There are 76 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Esra Asıcı

Halil Sarı 0000-0001-7506-9000

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Submission Date March 1, 2021
Acceptance Date April 6, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Asıcı, E., & Sarı, H. (2021). The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies in the Relationship between Cognitive Flexibility and Well-being. International Journal of Scholars in Education, 4(1), 38-56. https://doi.org/10.52134/ueader.889204