Farklı Yetenekler, Ortak Hedefler: Akran Ağı Stratejisi

Abstract

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan bireylerin temel yetersizlik alanlarından birisi olan sosyal iletişim ve etkileşim becerilerini desteklemek amacıyla kullanılan bilimsel dayanaklı uygulamalar arasında akran aracılı öğretimde bulunmaktadır. Bu öğretim yaklaşımında kullanılan stratejilerden biri de akran ağıdır. Akran ağı stratejisi, bir yetişkin kolaylaştırıcının rehberliği ve desteğini zaman içinde azaltarak, haftalık ağ toplantıları aracılığıyla otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan bireylerin bir araya geldiği akran gruplarını içerir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan bireylere yönelik bilimsel dayanaklı bir müdahale olarak kabul edilen akran aracılı öğretimi ve akran ağı stratejisini anlamak, ayrıca akran ağı stratejisi üzerine yürütülen çalışmaların etkililik ve sınırlılıklarının incelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda 1997-2023 yıl aralığını kapsayacak şekilde ERIC, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, SAGE, Google Scholar veri tabanlarında peers [akranlar], peer networks [akran ağı], autism [otizm], autistic [otistik] ve peer mediated intervention [akran aracılı müdahale] anahtar kelimelerinin çeşitli kombinasyonları kullanılarak taramalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen taramalar sonucunda ulaşılan on bir çalışma incelemeye dahil edilmiştir. İncelemeler, akran ağı stratejisinin otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan katılımcılar üzerinde olumlu etkileri vurgularken, tipik gelişim gösteren akranların üzerindeki etkilerin sorgulanması gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, akran ağı stratejisi temelinde uygulama ve araştırma önerilerine de yer verilmiştir.

Keywords

• Otizm spektrum bozukluğu
• Akran aracılı öğretim
• Akran ağı
• Bilimsel dayanaklı uygulamalar

Different Capabilities, Common Goals: Peer Network Strategy

Abstract

Peer-mediated instruction is a scientifically based practice that used to support the social communication and interaction skills of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, one of the main areas of disability. One of the strategies used in this teaching approach is the peer network. The peer network strategy involves peer groups where individuals with autism spectrum disorders come together through weekly network meetings, with the guidance and support of an adult facilitator decreasing over time. The aim of this study is to understand peer-mediated instruction and the peer network strategy, which is accepted as a scientifically based intervention for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, and to examine the effectiveness and limitations of the studies conducted on the peer network strategy. In this context, ERIC, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, SAGE, Google Scholar databases were searched using various combinations of the keywords peers, peer networks, autism, autistic, and peer mediated intervention covering the 1997-2023 period. Eleven studies were included in the review. While the reviews emphasized the positive effects of the peer network strategy on participants with autism spectrum disorders, the effects on typically developing peers should be questioned. In this context, recommendations for implementation and research based on the peer network strategy are also included.

Keywords

• Autism spectrum disorder
• Peer based instruction
• Peer network
• Evidence based practices

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