Çimento Sektöründe Sürdürülebilir Tedarik Zinciri Tasarımı: Kavramsal Bir Matematiksel Model Yaklaşımı

Abstract

Çimento sektörü, yüksek enerji tüketimi ve karbon emisyonları sebebiyle sürdürülebilirlik açısından büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri yönetimi, çevresel etkilerin azaltılmasına olanak sağlarken döngüsel ekonomiye yönelik de stratejiler geliştirilmesini gerektirir. Bu çalışmada, çimento sektöründe sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri tasarımı için kavramsal bir matematiksel model geliştirilme amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın yöntemi olarak literatür taraması, sektörel analiz ve matematiksel modelleme yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri tasarımı matematiksel modeli, sentetik veriler kullanılarak GAMS 49.2.0 programında çözülmüş ve duyarlılık analizi yapılmıştır. Modelin çıktıları, üretim kararları ve lojistik süreçlerin analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Geliştirilen model, döngüsel ekonomi ilkeleri doğrultusunda klinkerin alternatif hammaddelerle ikame edilmesini sağlayarak endüstriyel simbiyozu teşvik etmekte, böylece doğal kaynak tüketimini azaltmayı ve karbon emisyonlarını düşürmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Model, doğal kaynak tüketimini azaltma, karbon emisyonlarını düşürme, maliyetleri optimize etme ve atık yönetimini iyileştirme konularında önemli katkılar sunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, önerilen modelin çimento sektöründe sürdürülebilirlik dönüşümünü destekleyerek karbon nötr hedeflerine ulaşılmasına katkı sağlayabileceği öngörülmektedir.

Keywords

• Çimento sektörü
• sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri
• döngüsel ekonomi
• endüstriyel simbiyoz
• matematiksel model

Sustainable Supply Chain Design in The Cement Sector: A Conceptual Mathematical Model Approach

Abstract

The cement sector holds significant importance in terms of sustainability due to its high energy consumption and carbon emissions. Sustainable supply chain management enables the reduction of environmental impacts while also requiring the development of strategies aligned with the principles of the circular economy. This study aims to develop a conceptual mathematical model for sustainable supply chain design in the cement industry. The research methodology includes a literature review, sectoral analysis, and mathematical modeling. The sustainable supply chain design mathematical model was solved using synthetic data in the GAMS 49.2.0 program, and sensitivity analysis was conducted The proposed model, in line with circular economy principles, promotes industrial symbiosis by substituting clinker with alternative raw materials, thereby reducing natural resource consumption and lowering carbon emissions. The model contributes significantly to reducing natural resource consumption, decreasing carbon emissions, optimizing costs, and improving waste management. In conclusion, the proposed model is anticipated to support sustainability transformation in the cement industry and contribute to achieving carbon neutrality targets.

Keywords

• Cement sector
• sustainable supply chain
• circular economy
• industrial symbiosis
• mathematical model

References

1. Ada, E., Kazancoğlu, Y., Mangla, S.K., Aydın, U. (2023). Barriers to Cement Industry Towards Circular Economy. International Journal of Mathematical Engineering and Management Sciences, 8(4), 612-631.
2. Alarabi, Y.F., Luay, J., Muntasir, A. (2023). Identifying and Categorizing Sustainable Supply Chain Practices Based on Triple Bottom Line Dimensions: Evaluation of Practice Implementation in The Cement Industry. Sustainability, 15(9), 7323. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097323
3. Andrew, R. M. (2018). Global CO₂ Emissions from Cement Production. Earth System Science Data, 10, 195-217.
4. Andrew, R. M., Peters, G. P., Lennox, J. (2010). Greenhouse Gas Emissions Embodied in New Zealand’s Trade: Methodology. 18. International Input-Output Conference. Access address: https://iioa.org/conferences/18th/papers/files/202_20100506101_AndrewIIOASdne.pdf
5. Atmaca, A., Atmaca, N. (2016). Determination of Correlation Between Specific Energy Consumption And Vibration of A Raw Mill in Cement Industry. Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi A-Uygulamalı Bilimler ve Mühendislik, 17(1), 209-219.
6. Balbay, S., Sarıhan, A., Avşar, E. (2021). Circular Economy / Industrial Sustainability Approach in The World and in Turkey. European Journal of Science and Technology, 27, 557-569.
7. BEBKA. (2020). Eskişehir Endüstriyel Simbiyoz Projesi Raporu. Erişim Adresi: https://bebka.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Eskis%CC%A7ehir-Endu%CC%88striyel-Simbiyoz-Projesi-Raporu.pdf
8. Cadavid-Giraldo, N., Velez-Gallego, M., (2020). Carbon Emissions Reduction and Financial Effects of A Cap And Tax System on An Operating Supply Chain in The Cement Sector. Journal Of Cleaner Production, 275, 122583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122583

9. Carter, C. R., Rogers, D. S. (2008). A Framework of Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Moving Toward New Theory. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 38(5), 360-387.
10. Chaves, G.D.D., Siman, R.R., Ribeiro, G.M., Chang, N.B. (2021). Synergizing Environmental, Social, and Economic Sustainability Factors for Refuse Derived Fuel Use in Cement Industry: A Case Study in Espirito Santo, Brazil. Journal of Environmental Management, 288, 112401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112401
11. Chertow, M. R. (2000). Industrial Symbiosis: Literature and Taxonomy. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 25(1), 313–337.
12. Chotia, V., Soni, S., Jain, G., Papa, A., (2023). Barriers for Adoption of Green Supply Chain Management in Cement Industry: An Interpretive Structural Modelling Approach. Annals of Operations Research.
13. Christopher, M. (2011). Logistics & Supply Chain Management. Pearson UK. Çimento, Cam, Seramik ve Toprak Ürünleri İhracatçıları Birliği. (2024). Erişim Adresi: https://ccst.org.tr/Uploads/arastirmaRaporlari_view/ccsib-surdurulebilirlik-raporlari-turkish-cement.pdf.
14. Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M., Hultink, E. J. (2017). The Circular Economy–A New Sustainability Paradigm? Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757-768.
15. Ghadimi, P., Wang, C., Lim, M. K. (2019). Sustainable Supply Chain Modeling And Analysis: Past Debates, Present Problems, And Future Challenges. Resourcez, Conservation and Recycling, 140, 72-84.
16. Golicic, S. L., Smith, C. D. (2013). A Meta‐Analysis of Environmentally Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices and Firm Performance. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 49(2), 78-95.
17. Hassini, E., Surti, C., Searcy, C. (2012). A Literature Review and A Case Study of Sustainable Supply Chains with A Focus on Metrics. International Journal of Production Economics, 140(1), 69-82.
18. Hill, A.V. (2012). The Encyclopedia of Operations Management. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
19. Hutchins, M. J., Sutherland, J. W. (2008). An Exploration of Measures of Social Sustainability and Their Application to Supply Chain Decisions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(15), 1688-1698.
20. Kazançoğlu, Y., Kazançoğlu, İ., Sağnak, M., (2018). Fuzzy DEMATEL-Based Green Supply Chain Management Performance: Application in Cement Industry. Industrial Management and Data Systems. 118(2), 412 – 431.
21. Klitzsch, M., Geith, M. (2022). Rewas 2022: Setting New Standards for Circular Economy in The Cement Industry. Developing Tomorrow's Technical Cycles, 1, 181-188.
22. Mikulcic, H., Klemes, J. J., Vujanovic, M., Urbaniec, K., Duic, N. (2016). Reducing Greenhouse Gasses Emissions by Fostering The Deployment of Alternative Raw Materials And Energy Sources in The Cleaner Cement Manufacturing Process. Journal of Cleaner Production, 136, 119-132.
23. Najeeb, K. M., Kumar, A. S., (2022) Development of A Sustainable Supply Chain Network for The Cement Manufacturing Industry Using Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm. Softcomputing, 26(22), 12235 – 12255.
24. Pagell, M., Wu, Z. (2009). Building A More Complete Theory of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Using Case Studies of 10 Exemplars. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 45(2), 37-56.
25. PwC Türkiye. (2024). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Çimento Sektörü. Erişim Adresi: https://www.pwc.com.tr/dunyada-ve-turkiyede-cimento-sektoru.
26. Sangwan, K.S., Bhakar, V., Digalwar, A. K, (2019). A Sustainability Assessment Framework for Cement Industry – A Case Study. Benchmarking, 26(2), 470 – 497.
27. Sarkis, J., Zhu, Q., Lai, K. (2011). An Organizational Theoretic Review of Green Supply Chain Management Literature. Journal of Production Economics, 130(1), 1-15.
28. Scrivener, K. L., John, V. M., Gartner, E. M. (2018). Eco-efficient Cements: Potential Economically Viable Solutions for A Low-CO2 Cement-Based Materials Industry. Cement and Concrete Research, 114, 2-26.
29. Seth, D., Shrivastava R.L., Shrivastava, S. (2016). An Empirical Investigation of Critical Success Factors and Performance Measures for Green Manufacturing in Cement Industry. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 27(8), 1076-1101.
30. Seuring, S., Muller, M. (2008). From A Literature Review to A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Supply Chain Management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(15), 1699-1710.
31. Srivastava, S. K. (2007). Green Supply‐Chain Management: A State‐of‐The-Art Literature Review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(1), 53-80.
32. Statista. (2023). Global Cement Production and Consumption Statistics. Erişim Adresi: https://www.statista.com/statistics/267364/world-cement-production-by-country/
33. T.C. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı. (2023). 2023 Yılı Çimento Sektörü Kıyaslama Raporu. Erişim Adresi: https://enerji.gov.tr/arama-sonuc?p=1&q=2023%20Y%C4%B1l%C4%B1%20%C3%87imento%20Sekt%C3%B6r%C3%BC%20K%C4%B1yaslama%20Raporu
34. Taticchi, P., Tonelli, F., Pasqualino, R. (2013). Performance Measurement of Sustainable Supply Chains: A Literature Review and A Research Agenda. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 62(8), 782-804.
35. The European Cement Association Cembureau. (2011). Erişim Adresi: https://cembureau.eu/media/cpvoin5t/cembureau_2050roadmap_lowcarboneconomy_2013-09-01.pdf
36. The Times. (2024). Sustainable Cement Pioneers Have a Concrete Plan. Erişim Adresi: https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/entrepreneurs/article/enterprise-network-5r9lmv52n
37. Tunçez, F.D. (2021). Sürdürülebilir Çimento Üretiminde Çevre Yönetimi Yasal Bileşenleri. Ulusal Çevre Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 4 (1), 41-56.
38. Türkçimento. (2023). 2023 Sürdürülebilirlik Raporu. Erişim Adresi: https://www.turkcimento.org.tr/tr/haber_detay/turkcimento-2023-surdurulebilirlik-raporunu-yayinladi
39. Türkçimento. (2025). Türkçimento. Erişim Adresi: https://www.turkcimento.org.tr/tr/
40. USGS. (2024). Mineral Commodity Summaries: Cement Industry Report. Erişim Adresi: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/mcs2024-cement.pdf
41. Walker, H., Di Sisto, L., McBain, D. (2008). Drivers And Barriers to Environmental Supply Chain Management Practices: Lessons from The Public and Private Sectors. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 14(1), 69-85.
42. Wieland, A., Handfield, R. B. (2013). The Socially Responsible Supply Chain: An Imperative for Global Corporations. Supply Chain Management Review, 17(5), 22-29.
43. Wolf, J. (2014). The Relationship Between Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Stakeholder Pressure, and Corporate Sustainability Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(3), 317-328.
44. World Cement Associoation (2024). Erişim Adresi: https://www.worldcementassociation.org/blog/news/global-cement-industry-outlook-trends-and-forecasts
45. Worrell, E., Kermeli, K., Galitsky, C. (2011). Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities for Cement Making: An Energy Star Guide for Energy and Plant Managers. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Erişim Adresi: https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/Energy_Efficieny_Improvement_Cost_Saving_Opportunities_Concrete.pdf
46. Yurtoğlu, N. (2015). Kalkınmanın Önemli Bir Unsuru, Kuruluşundan 50. Yılına Türkiye’de Çimento Sanayi 1910-1960. Atatürk Araştırma Dergisi, 31(92), 113-164.
47. Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J. (2004). Relationships Between Operational Practices and Performance Among Early Adopters of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises. Journal of Operations Management, 22(3), 265-289.