ASYMMETRIC EFFECTS OF THE EU’S FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND TURKEY / AB’nin Serbest Ticaret Anlaşmalarının Asimetrik Etkisi Ve Türkiye

Abstract

The Customs Union, signed between Turkey and the European Union, has an important role in Turkey’s integration with the European and global markets. However, recent changes in European Union’s trade policy demonstrated the necessity for the modernization of the Customs Union. In this framework, the study aims to investigate the asymmetric effects of the European Union’s free trade agreements concluded with third countries on Turkey’s foreign trade. The study investigate trade deviation of top five product group categories imported from South Africa and Mexico for the period 2000-2017. The study measures and compares the degree of trade deviation by considering the imports coming directly from South Africa and Mexico and imports coming from these countries via the European Union market. The study concludes that the trade deviation was low on the goods subject to low or zero tariff rates, while trade deviation was high with the goods subject to higher tariff rates or non-tariff barriers.

Keywords

• Trade Deviation,Economic Integration,Customs Union,Free Trade Agreement

AB’NİN SERBEST TİCARET ANLAŞMALARININ ASİMETRİK ETKİSİ VE TÜRKİYE / Asymmetric Effects Of The EU’s Free Trade Agreements And Turkey

Öz

Türkiye ile AB arasında imzalanan Gümrük Birliği, Türkiye’nin hem Avrupa hem de küresel pazarlara entegrasyonunu sağlayan önemli bir işleve sahip olmuştur. Ancak, Avrupa Birliği’nin ticaret politikasında son yıllarda meydana gelen gelişmeler Gümrük Birliği’nin güncellemesini gerekli hale getirmiştir. Bu çerçevede, çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa Birliği’nin üçüncü ülkelerle imzaladığı serbest ticaret anlaşmalarının Türkiye’nin dış ticaretinde yol açtığı asimetrik etkiyi incelemektir. Bu çerçevede, 2000-2017 yılları arasında Türkiye’ye ithal edilen Güney Afrika ve Meksika menşeli beş ürün grubunda ticaret sapmasının varlığı incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Güney Afrika ve Meksika’dan Türkiye’ye doğrudan yapılan ithalat ile AB pazarı üzerinden yapılan ithalat ölçülmüş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Türkiye’nin ithalatta düşük veya sıfır vergi oranı uyguladığı mal gruplarında ticaret sapması olmadığı veya düşük düzeylerde kaldığı, ithalat vergilerinin yüksek olduğu veya tarife dışı engellerle ithalatın zorlaştırıldığı mal gruplarında ise ticaret sapmasının yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ticaret sapması,İktisadi Entegrasyon,Gümrük Birliği,Serbest Ticaret Anlaşması,Avrupa Birliği

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