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Tüketici Algısında Marka Deneyiminin Marka Savunuculuğu Üzerindeki Etkisi: Otomobil Kullanıcıları Üzerine Bir Uygulama

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 282 - 303
https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1619702

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, otomobil sahipliği bulunan bireylerin marka deneyimlerinin marka savunuculuğu üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Aynı zamanda tüketicilerin markalarla yaşadığı deneyimlerin savunuculuk eğilimini hangi boyutlar üzerinden daha güçlü şekilde etkilediği ve bu boyutların demografik özelliklerine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin incelenmesi de çalışmanın bir diğer amacını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle toplanan veriler 11 Mayıs - 30 Temmuz 2024 tarihleri arasında 520 otomobil sahibi katılımcıya çevrim içi anket uygulanarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 25.0 programı kullanılarak çalışmada geçerlik ve güvenilirlik analizi, frekans analizi, bağımsız örneklem t-testi, tek yönlü Anova testi, Pearson korelasyon analizi ve basit/çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda marka deneyiminin marka savunuculuğunu olumlu yönde etkilediği ve katılımcıların demografik özelliklerine göre anlamlı şekilde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir. Evlilerin, bekârlara kıyasla marka güvenilirliği ve kolaylaştırıcılığı deneyimleme düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların genel marka deneyimi algılarının otomobil markasına göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Ahmadi, A., and Ataei, A. (2024). Emotional attachment: A bridge between brand reputation and brand advocacy. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 16(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-11-2021-0579
  • Akgün, V. Ö., ve Kızılkan, Z. (2022). İçerik pazarlamasının marka savunuculuğu üzerindeki etkisi: Konya ili saha araştırması. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(43), 803-820.
  • Aşkın, N., ve İpek, İ. (2016). Marka aşkının marka deneyimi ile marka sadakati arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık etkisi. Ege Academic Review, 16(1), 79-94.
  • Bahar, R., ve Aydın, G. (2021). Otomotiv sektöründe müşterilerin atfetme eğilimlerinin marka güveni ve müşteri memnuniyeti perspektifinden incelenmesi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(2), 1438-1456. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2021.1208
  • Bengül, S. (2018). Otomotiv sektöründe sunulan satış sonrası müşteri hizmetlerinin müşterilerin marka bağlılıkları üzerindeki etkisi: Kütahya’da bir uygulama. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 57, 238-252.
  • Bhati, R., and Verma, H. V. (2020). Antecedents of customer brand advocacy: A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 14(2), 153-172. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-12-2018-0165
  • Bilro, R. G., Loureiro, S. M. C., and Ali, F. (2018). The role of website stimuli of experience on engagement and brand advocacy. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(2), 204-222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-12-2017-0136
  • Bilro, R. G., Loureiro, S. M. C., and Guerreiro, J. (2019). Exploring online customer engagement with hospitality products and its relationship with involvement, emotional states, experience and brand advocacy. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(2), 147-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2018.1506375
  • Bozkurt, İ. ve Çolakoğlu, E. (2020). Sağlık hizmetlerinde müşteri odaklılığın marka güveni, marka prestiji ve marka savunuculuğuna etkisi. Bussiness & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(5), 3991- 4016. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i5.1658
  • Bozkurt, S. (2021). Yeni kuşak tüketicide marka deneyiminin marka savunuculuğu üzerindeki etkisi: Bir alan araştırması. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Bozkurt, S. (2022). Marka deneyimlerinin marka savunuculuğu üzerine etkisi: Türkçe’ye ölçek uyarlama, geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 10(1), 183-210. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.26515393.2022.10/1.183-210
  • Brakus, J. J., Schmitt, B. H., and Zarantonello, L. (2009). Brand experience: What is it? How is it measured? Does it affect loyalty?. Journal of Marketing, 73(3), 52-68. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.3.052
  • Choi, Y., Kroff, M. W., and Kim, J. (2021). Developing brand advocacy through brand activities on Facebook. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 38(3), 328-338. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-10-2019-3460
  • Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research:Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
  • Durmaz, Y. (2020). Vakıf üniversitelerinde okuyan öğrencilerin kişilik özelliklerinin içgüdüsel satın alma davranışları üzerindeki etkisinin yapısal eşitlik modeli ile belirlenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Üsküdar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. 2nd ed. London: Sage.
  • Gao, F., and Shen, Z. (2024). Sensory brand experience and brand loyalty: Mediators and gender differences. Acta Psychologica, 244, 104191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104191
  • George, D., and Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update, 10/e. Pearson Education.
  • Ghasemi, A., and Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality tests for statistical analysis:A guide for non-statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(2), 486. https://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ijem.3505
  • Gürbüz, S.,ve Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe-yöntem-analiz. Seçkin Kitabevi.
  • Hwang, J., and Lee, K. W. (2018). The antecedents and consequences of golf tournament spectators’ memorable brand experiences. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.09.001
  • Khamwon, A., and Masri, P. (2020). Brand experience, brand love, and brand advocacy: A case of premium smartphone. International Journal of Technology Management and Information System, 2(3), 24-30.
  • Khamwon, A., and Nantasuk, M. (2020). Brand awareness, online customer experience, brand engagement, and brand advocacy: A case of online travel agencies. International Journal of Business and Economy, 2(3), 1-8.
  • Khan, I., and Rahman, Z. (2016). Retail brand experience: Scale development and validation. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 25(5), 435-451. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-07-2015-0943
  • Kılıç, S. (2016). Cronbach'ın Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı. Journal of Mood Disorders, 6(1) 47-48. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20160307122823
  • Konuk, F. A. (2019). The influence of perceived food quality, price fairness, perceived value and satisfaction on customers’ revisit and word-of-mouth intentions towards organic food restaurants. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.005
  • Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing management (11th ed.). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • Kumar, H., Tuli, N., Singh, R. K., Arya, V., and Srivastava, R. (2024). Exploring the role of augmented reality as a new brand advocate. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 23(2), 620-638. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2227
  • Kumar, S., and Hsieh, J. K. (2024). How social media marketing activities affect brand loyalty? Mediating role of brand experience. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-09-2023-0900
  • Kumara, P. A. P. S., Sirisena, A. B., & Wijesundara, T. R. (2022). Measuring consumer experience at the retail context: development of ConEx scale 1(1), https://doi.org/10.31357/ajmm.v1i01.5470
  • Machado, R., Cant, M. C., and Seaborne, H. (2014). Experiential marketing on brand advocacy: A mixed-method approach on global Apple product users. The International Business & Economics Research Journal (Online), 13(5), 955. https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v13i5.8764
  • Mascarenhas, O. A., Kesavan, R., and Bernacchi, M. (2006). Lasting customer loyalty: A total customer experience approach. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 23(7), 397-405. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760610712939
  • Maurya, U. K., and Mishra, P. (2012). What is a brand? A Perspective on Brand Meaning. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(3), 122-133.
  • Moedeen, S., Aw, E. C. X., Alryalat, M., Wei-Han Tan, G., Cham, T. H., Ooi, K. B., and Dwivedi, Y. K. (2024). Social media marketing in the digital age: Empower consumers to win big?. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 36(1), 66-84. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-09-2022-0784
  • Morgan, B. (2021 December 10). https://www.forbes.com/sites/blakemorgan/2021/05/10/3-ways-tesla-creates-a-personalized-customer-experience/
  • Nousiainen, T. (2015). Generating online brand advocacy in digital content marketing. VAASA, Finlandiya, 32-98. Access address: https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/10024/3646
  • Özyer Aksoy, Y. (2017). Duygusal marka deneyimi, marka ayırt ediciliği, marka çekiciliği ve marka savunuculuğu arasındaki ilişkiler. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(3), 360-374. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2017.304
  • Ramaseshan, B., and Stein, A. (2014). Connecting the dots between brand experience and brand loyalty: The mediating role of brand personality and brand relationships. Journal of Brand Management, 21, 664-683. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2014.23
  • Schepers, J., and Nijssen, E. J. (2018). Brand advocacy in the frontline: how does it affect customer satisfaction?. Journal of Service Management, 29(2), 230-252. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/josm07-2017-0165
  • Shimul, A. S., and Phau, I. (2023). The role of brand self-congruence, brand love and brand attachment on brand advocacy: A serial mediation model. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 41(5), 649-666. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-10-2022-0443
  • Shukla, P., Banerjee, M., and Singh, J. (2016). Customer commitment to luxury brands: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Business Research, 69(1), 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.08.004
  • Sohaib, M., Mlynarski, J., and Wu, R. (2023). Building brand equity: the ımpact of brand experience, brand love, and brand engagement—a case study of customers’ perception of the Apple brand in China. Sustainability, 15(1), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010746
  • Stokburger-Sauer, N., Ratneshwar, S., and Sen, S. (2012). Drivers of consumer–brand identification. International journal of research in marketing, 29(4), 406-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2012.06.001
  • Uyar, A. (2019). Müşteri memnuniyeti ile müşteri sadakati arasındaki ilişkinin yapısal eşitlik modeli ile incelenmesi: otomobil kullanıcıları üzerine bir uygulama. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(69), 41-57. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.416556
  • Walz, A. M., and Celuch, K. G. (2010). The effect of retailer communication on customer advocacy: The moderating role of trust. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 23, 95-110.
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The Impact of Brand Experience on Brand Advocacy in Consumer Perception: An Application on Automobile Users

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 282 - 303
https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1619702

Abstract

In this research, it is aimed to examine the impact of brand experiences on brand advocacy of individuals with automobile ownership. It also aims to examine which dimensions of consumers' experiences with brands develop stronger advocacy and whether these experiences differ according to their demographic characteristics. The data collected by convenience sampling method in the research were obtained by applying an online survey to 520 car owner participants between May 11 and July 30, 2024. Validity and reliability analysis, frequency analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA test, Pearson correlation analysis and simple/multiple linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0 program. As a result of the research, it was determined that brand experience positively affects brand advocacy and that it significantly differs according to the demographic characteristics of the participants. It was found that married respondents had higher levels of brand credibility and facilitation experience compared to single respondents. It was also concluded that the participants' overall brand experience perceptions differed significantly according to the automobile brand.

References

  • Ahmadi, A., and Ataei, A. (2024). Emotional attachment: A bridge between brand reputation and brand advocacy. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 16(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-11-2021-0579
  • Akgün, V. Ö., ve Kızılkan, Z. (2022). İçerik pazarlamasının marka savunuculuğu üzerindeki etkisi: Konya ili saha araştırması. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(43), 803-820.
  • Aşkın, N., ve İpek, İ. (2016). Marka aşkının marka deneyimi ile marka sadakati arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık etkisi. Ege Academic Review, 16(1), 79-94.
  • Bahar, R., ve Aydın, G. (2021). Otomotiv sektöründe müşterilerin atfetme eğilimlerinin marka güveni ve müşteri memnuniyeti perspektifinden incelenmesi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(2), 1438-1456. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2021.1208
  • Bengül, S. (2018). Otomotiv sektöründe sunulan satış sonrası müşteri hizmetlerinin müşterilerin marka bağlılıkları üzerindeki etkisi: Kütahya’da bir uygulama. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 57, 238-252.
  • Bhati, R., and Verma, H. V. (2020). Antecedents of customer brand advocacy: A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 14(2), 153-172. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-12-2018-0165
  • Bilro, R. G., Loureiro, S. M. C., and Ali, F. (2018). The role of website stimuli of experience on engagement and brand advocacy. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(2), 204-222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-12-2017-0136
  • Bilro, R. G., Loureiro, S. M. C., and Guerreiro, J. (2019). Exploring online customer engagement with hospitality products and its relationship with involvement, emotional states, experience and brand advocacy. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(2), 147-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2018.1506375
  • Bozkurt, İ. ve Çolakoğlu, E. (2020). Sağlık hizmetlerinde müşteri odaklılığın marka güveni, marka prestiji ve marka savunuculuğuna etkisi. Bussiness & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(5), 3991- 4016. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i5.1658
  • Bozkurt, S. (2021). Yeni kuşak tüketicide marka deneyiminin marka savunuculuğu üzerindeki etkisi: Bir alan araştırması. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Bozkurt, S. (2022). Marka deneyimlerinin marka savunuculuğu üzerine etkisi: Türkçe’ye ölçek uyarlama, geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 10(1), 183-210. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.26515393.2022.10/1.183-210
  • Brakus, J. J., Schmitt, B. H., and Zarantonello, L. (2009). Brand experience: What is it? How is it measured? Does it affect loyalty?. Journal of Marketing, 73(3), 52-68. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.3.052
  • Choi, Y., Kroff, M. W., and Kim, J. (2021). Developing brand advocacy through brand activities on Facebook. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 38(3), 328-338. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-10-2019-3460
  • Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research:Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
  • Durmaz, Y. (2020). Vakıf üniversitelerinde okuyan öğrencilerin kişilik özelliklerinin içgüdüsel satın alma davranışları üzerindeki etkisinin yapısal eşitlik modeli ile belirlenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Üsküdar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. 2nd ed. London: Sage.
  • Gao, F., and Shen, Z. (2024). Sensory brand experience and brand loyalty: Mediators and gender differences. Acta Psychologica, 244, 104191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104191
  • George, D., and Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update, 10/e. Pearson Education.
  • Ghasemi, A., and Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality tests for statistical analysis:A guide for non-statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(2), 486. https://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ijem.3505
  • Gürbüz, S.,ve Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe-yöntem-analiz. Seçkin Kitabevi.
  • Hwang, J., and Lee, K. W. (2018). The antecedents and consequences of golf tournament spectators’ memorable brand experiences. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.09.001
  • Khamwon, A., and Masri, P. (2020). Brand experience, brand love, and brand advocacy: A case of premium smartphone. International Journal of Technology Management and Information System, 2(3), 24-30.
  • Khamwon, A., and Nantasuk, M. (2020). Brand awareness, online customer experience, brand engagement, and brand advocacy: A case of online travel agencies. International Journal of Business and Economy, 2(3), 1-8.
  • Khan, I., and Rahman, Z. (2016). Retail brand experience: Scale development and validation. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 25(5), 435-451. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-07-2015-0943
  • Kılıç, S. (2016). Cronbach'ın Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı. Journal of Mood Disorders, 6(1) 47-48. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20160307122823
  • Konuk, F. A. (2019). The influence of perceived food quality, price fairness, perceived value and satisfaction on customers’ revisit and word-of-mouth intentions towards organic food restaurants. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.005
  • Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing management (11th ed.). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • Kumar, H., Tuli, N., Singh, R. K., Arya, V., and Srivastava, R. (2024). Exploring the role of augmented reality as a new brand advocate. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 23(2), 620-638. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2227
  • Kumar, S., and Hsieh, J. K. (2024). How social media marketing activities affect brand loyalty? Mediating role of brand experience. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-09-2023-0900
  • Kumara, P. A. P. S., Sirisena, A. B., & Wijesundara, T. R. (2022). Measuring consumer experience at the retail context: development of ConEx scale 1(1), https://doi.org/10.31357/ajmm.v1i01.5470
  • Machado, R., Cant, M. C., and Seaborne, H. (2014). Experiential marketing on brand advocacy: A mixed-method approach on global Apple product users. The International Business & Economics Research Journal (Online), 13(5), 955. https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v13i5.8764
  • Mascarenhas, O. A., Kesavan, R., and Bernacchi, M. (2006). Lasting customer loyalty: A total customer experience approach. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 23(7), 397-405. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760610712939
  • Maurya, U. K., and Mishra, P. (2012). What is a brand? A Perspective on Brand Meaning. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(3), 122-133.
  • Moedeen, S., Aw, E. C. X., Alryalat, M., Wei-Han Tan, G., Cham, T. H., Ooi, K. B., and Dwivedi, Y. K. (2024). Social media marketing in the digital age: Empower consumers to win big?. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 36(1), 66-84. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-09-2022-0784
  • Morgan, B. (2021 December 10). https://www.forbes.com/sites/blakemorgan/2021/05/10/3-ways-tesla-creates-a-personalized-customer-experience/
  • Nousiainen, T. (2015). Generating online brand advocacy in digital content marketing. VAASA, Finlandiya, 32-98. Access address: https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/10024/3646
  • Özyer Aksoy, Y. (2017). Duygusal marka deneyimi, marka ayırt ediciliği, marka çekiciliği ve marka savunuculuğu arasındaki ilişkiler. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(3), 360-374. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2017.304
  • Ramaseshan, B., and Stein, A. (2014). Connecting the dots between brand experience and brand loyalty: The mediating role of brand personality and brand relationships. Journal of Brand Management, 21, 664-683. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2014.23
  • Schepers, J., and Nijssen, E. J. (2018). Brand advocacy in the frontline: how does it affect customer satisfaction?. Journal of Service Management, 29(2), 230-252. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/josm07-2017-0165
  • Shimul, A. S., and Phau, I. (2023). The role of brand self-congruence, brand love and brand attachment on brand advocacy: A serial mediation model. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 41(5), 649-666. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-10-2022-0443
  • Shukla, P., Banerjee, M., and Singh, J. (2016). Customer commitment to luxury brands: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Business Research, 69(1), 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.08.004
  • Sohaib, M., Mlynarski, J., and Wu, R. (2023). Building brand equity: the ımpact of brand experience, brand love, and brand engagement—a case study of customers’ perception of the Apple brand in China. Sustainability, 15(1), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010746
  • Stokburger-Sauer, N., Ratneshwar, S., and Sen, S. (2012). Drivers of consumer–brand identification. International journal of research in marketing, 29(4), 406-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2012.06.001
  • Uyar, A. (2019). Müşteri memnuniyeti ile müşteri sadakati arasındaki ilişkinin yapısal eşitlik modeli ile incelenmesi: otomobil kullanıcıları üzerine bir uygulama. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(69), 41-57. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.416556
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There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Çiğdem Sarı 0009-0002-0436-9246

Nil Esra Dal 0000-0002-3089-8873

Publication Date
Submission Date January 14, 2025
Acceptance Date March 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sarı, Ç., & Dal, N. E. (n.d.). Tüketici Algısında Marka Deneyiminin Marka Savunuculuğu Üzerindeki Etkisi: Otomobil Kullanıcıları Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Uluslararası Ekonomi İşletme Ve Politika Dergisi, 9(1), 282-303. https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1619702

Recep Tayyip Erdogan University
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Department of Economics
RIZE / TÜRKİYE