Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Kapitalizmin Bilinçdışı: Libidinal Ekonomi, Hedonik Tüketim ve Arzunun Yönlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 517 - 538, 06.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1645925

Abstract

Çalışma, Freudyen ekonomi perspektifinden hedonik tüketimi inceleyerek, kapitalizmin bilinçdışı süreçleri nasıl yönlendirdiğini analiz etmektedir. Freud’un haz ilkesi başta olmak üzere Lacan’ın arzu teorisi, Lyotard’ın libidinal ekonomi anlayışı ve Žižek’in fantezi ekonomisi kavramlarıyla, kapitalizmin tüketimi nasıl sürdürülebilir kıldığı tartışılmaktadır. Çalışma, tüketimin yalnızca ekonomik bir faaliyet değil, bilinçdışı süreçlerin yönlendirdiği bir arzu yönetim mekanizması olduğunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda ele alınan kavramlardan biri olan hedonik tüketim, bireyin yalnızca işlevsel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamakla kalmayıp, bilinçdışı arzularını ve duygusal tatmin beklentilerini gidermek amacıyla gerçekleştirdiği tüketim biçimi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Libidinal ekonomi ise, insanların ekonomik kararlarının sadece rasyonel hesaplara dayanmadığını, arzu, haz, dürtü gibi bilinçdışı unsurlar tarafından da yönlendirildiğini savunmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, kapitalizmin tatminsizlik duygusunu yeniden üreterek bireyleri sürekli tüketmeye yönlendirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, hedonik tüketimin psikanalitik ekonomi çerçevesinde ele alınması gerektiği savunulmaktadır. Çalışma, teorik çözümleme yöntemiyle psikanalitik ekonomi literatürü üzerinden metin ve kavramsal çerçeve analizi sunmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırmanın her aşamasında “Yükseköğretim Kurumları Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Yönergesin ’de belirtilen tüm kurallara uyulmuştur. Yönergenin “Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiğine Aykırı Eylemler” başlığı altında belirtilen eylemlerden hiçbiri gerçekleştirilmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın yazım sürecinde etik kurallarına uygun alıntı yapılmış ve kaynakça oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma intihal denetimine tabi tutulmuştur.

References

  • Akyıldız, P. D. H. (2008). Tartişilan Boyutlariyla “Homo Economicus”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2), 29-40.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1981). Simülakrlar ve Simülasyon (S. Irzık, Çev.). İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1997). Tüketim Toplumu (H. Delibalta, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1998). Gösterge Ekonomi Politiği Üzerine Bir Eleştiri (O. Keskin, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Bentham, J. (1970). An introduction to the principles of morals and legislation. Oxford University Press.
  • Birken, L. (1999). Freud's" Economic Hypothesis": From Homo Oeconomicus to Homo Sexualis. American Imago, 56(4), 311-330.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Harvard University Press.
  • Cher, L. (2024). Freud’s Concept of Libido and Its Evolution. Journal of Psychoanalytic Studies, 45(3), 520-540.
  • Corrigan, P. (1997). The sociology of consumption: an introduction. SAGE Publication.
  • Ewen, S. (1976). Captains of consciousness: Advertising and the social roots of the consumer culture. McGraw-Hill.
  • Faber, R. J., ve Christenson, G. A. (1996). In the mood to spend: Hedonic shopping and compulsive buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 23(4), 583-598.
  • Featherstone, M. (2007). Consumer culture and postmodernism. SAGE Publications.
  • Freud, S. (1915). The unconscious. The standard edition of the complete works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 14, pp. 166–215). London: Hogarth
  • Freud, S. (1926). Inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety. Standard Edition, 20, 75-176.
  • Freud, S. (2009). Haz ilkesinin ötesinde ben ve id (çev. A. Babaoğlu). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Freud, S. (2013). Psikanaliz Üzerine (çev. A. Avni Öneş). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Gaon, S. (2024). Libidinal Economy and the Structure of Desire. Psychoanalysis & Society, 22(2), 487-508.
  • Gellerman, S. W. (1963). Motivation and Productivity. American Management Association.
  • Giddens, A. (2023). Modernity and self-identity. In Social theory re-wired (pp. 477-484). Routledge.
  • Hirschman, E. C., ve Holbrook, M. B. (1982). Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing, 46(3), 92-101.
  • Hobsbawm, E. (1962). The age of revolution: 1789-1848. Vintage Books.
  • Illouz, E. (2007). Cold intimacies: The making of emotional capitalism. Polity.
  • İslamoğlu, A. H., ve Altunışık, R. (2003). Tüketici Davranışları. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Kahneman, D., ve Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-292.
  • Kapoor vd., (2023). Global libidinal economy. State University of New York Press.
  • Lacan, J. (1977). Écrits: A selection (A. Sheridan, Çev.). Tavistock Publications.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (1993). Libidinal economy (G. Bennington & R. Bowlby, Çev.). Indiana University Press.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (2000). Postmodern Durum, (Ahmet Çiğdem, Çev.). Ankara: Vadi Yayınları.
  • Mardin, Ş. (2016). Türkiye'de Toplum ve Siyaset: Makaleler 1. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Mowen, J. C. (2000). The 3M model of motivation and personality: Theory and empirical applications to consumer behavior. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Oskay, Ü. (1980). Kitle İletişimi Açlslndan Toplumsal Egemenlik ve Kültürel Donanlmlarl. Kurgu, 3(1), 29-100.
  • Packard, V. (1957). The Hidden Persuaders. David McKay Publications.
  • Rick vd., (2014). The benefits of retail therapy: Making purchase decisions reduces residual sadness. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(3), 373-380.
  • Roche, D. (2000). A history of everyday things: the birth of consumption in France, 1600-1800. Cambridge University Press.
  • Schmitt, B. H. (1999). Experiential marketing: How to get customers to sense, feel, think, act, and relate to your company and brands. The Free Press.
  • Seçilmiş, İ. (2017). Freudyen iktisat. Ankara: Efil Yayınevi.
  • Stiegler, B. (2011). Pharmacology of desire: Drive-based capitalism and libidinal dis-economy. New Formations, 72(72), 150-161.
  • Sugden, R. (1991). Rational choice: A survey of contributions from economics and philosophy. The Economic Journal, 101(407), 751-785.
  • Taioka, K., ve Almeida, J. (2020). Impulsive buying behavior and unconscious motivation: A Freudian analysis. Journal of Behavioral Economics, 35(2), 230-245.
  • Teber, S. (2013). Bilimsel bir peri masalı: Freud’un aile ve tarihsel romanı. İstanbul: Okuyanus Yayınları.
  • Tiller, J. (2012). Hedonism: Historical Roots and Modern Applications. Routledge.
  • Tomšić, S. (2019). The capitalist unconscious: Marx and Lacan. Verso Books.
  • Trentmann, F. (2012). Empire of Things: How We Became a World of Consumers, from the Fifteenth Century to the Twenty-First. HarperCollins.
  • Trumbull, G. (2014). Consumer lending in France and America: Credit and welfare states. Cambridge University Press.
  • Tuomas, L. (2024). Lyotard’s Contribution to Political Economy and Psychoanalysis. Journal of Critical Theory, 30(1), 87-102.
  • Veblen, T. (1899). The theory of the leisure class. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Weijers, D. (2012). Hedonism and happiness in theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Winslow, E. (1986). John Maynard Keynes and the irrational economy. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 8(4), 550-568.
  • Zafirovski, M. (2000). The rational choice generalization of neoclassical economics reconsidered. Journal of Economic Issues, 34(2), 555-573.
  • Zaltman, G. (2003). How customers think: Essential insights into the mind of the market. Harvard Business Press.
  • Žižek, S. (1999). The ticklish subject: The absent centre of political ontology. Verso.
  • Žižek, S. (2006). The parallax view. MIT Press.
  • Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. PublicAffairs.

The Unconscious of Capitalism: Libidinal Economy, Hedonic Consumption and The Psychoanalytic Management of Desire

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 517 - 538, 06.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1645925

Abstract

This study analyses how capitalism directs unconscious processes and examines hedonistic consumption from a Freudian economic perspective. Drawing on Freud's pleasure principle, Lacan's theory of desire, Lyotard's concept of libidinal economy, and Žižek's concept of fantasy economy, it investigates how capitalism sustains consumption by manipulating unconscious drives. The study argues that consumption is not merely an economic activity but a desire management mechanism governed by unconscious processes. In this context, hedonistic consumption is defined as a form of consumption where individuals not only seek to satisfy their functional needs but also strive to fulfil their unconscious desires and emotional expectations. The libidinal economy, on the other hand, suggests that economic decisions are shaped not only by rational calculations but also by unconscious forces such as desire, pleasure, and instinct. Findings indicate that capitalism systematically produces a sense of dissatisfaction and directs individuals towards constant consumption. Therefore, this study argues that hedonistic consumption should be analysed within the framework of psychoanalytic economics drawing on theoretical inquiry and conceptual analysis based on relevant literature.

References

  • Akyıldız, P. D. H. (2008). Tartişilan Boyutlariyla “Homo Economicus”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2), 29-40.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1981). Simülakrlar ve Simülasyon (S. Irzık, Çev.). İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1997). Tüketim Toplumu (H. Delibalta, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1998). Gösterge Ekonomi Politiği Üzerine Bir Eleştiri (O. Keskin, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Bentham, J. (1970). An introduction to the principles of morals and legislation. Oxford University Press.
  • Birken, L. (1999). Freud's" Economic Hypothesis": From Homo Oeconomicus to Homo Sexualis. American Imago, 56(4), 311-330.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Harvard University Press.
  • Cher, L. (2024). Freud’s Concept of Libido and Its Evolution. Journal of Psychoanalytic Studies, 45(3), 520-540.
  • Corrigan, P. (1997). The sociology of consumption: an introduction. SAGE Publication.
  • Ewen, S. (1976). Captains of consciousness: Advertising and the social roots of the consumer culture. McGraw-Hill.
  • Faber, R. J., ve Christenson, G. A. (1996). In the mood to spend: Hedonic shopping and compulsive buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 23(4), 583-598.
  • Featherstone, M. (2007). Consumer culture and postmodernism. SAGE Publications.
  • Freud, S. (1915). The unconscious. The standard edition of the complete works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 14, pp. 166–215). London: Hogarth
  • Freud, S. (1926). Inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety. Standard Edition, 20, 75-176.
  • Freud, S. (2009). Haz ilkesinin ötesinde ben ve id (çev. A. Babaoğlu). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Freud, S. (2013). Psikanaliz Üzerine (çev. A. Avni Öneş). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Gaon, S. (2024). Libidinal Economy and the Structure of Desire. Psychoanalysis & Society, 22(2), 487-508.
  • Gellerman, S. W. (1963). Motivation and Productivity. American Management Association.
  • Giddens, A. (2023). Modernity and self-identity. In Social theory re-wired (pp. 477-484). Routledge.
  • Hirschman, E. C., ve Holbrook, M. B. (1982). Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing, 46(3), 92-101.
  • Hobsbawm, E. (1962). The age of revolution: 1789-1848. Vintage Books.
  • Illouz, E. (2007). Cold intimacies: The making of emotional capitalism. Polity.
  • İslamoğlu, A. H., ve Altunışık, R. (2003). Tüketici Davranışları. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Kahneman, D., ve Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-292.
  • Kapoor vd., (2023). Global libidinal economy. State University of New York Press.
  • Lacan, J. (1977). Écrits: A selection (A. Sheridan, Çev.). Tavistock Publications.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (1993). Libidinal economy (G. Bennington & R. Bowlby, Çev.). Indiana University Press.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (2000). Postmodern Durum, (Ahmet Çiğdem, Çev.). Ankara: Vadi Yayınları.
  • Mardin, Ş. (2016). Türkiye'de Toplum ve Siyaset: Makaleler 1. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Mowen, J. C. (2000). The 3M model of motivation and personality: Theory and empirical applications to consumer behavior. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Oskay, Ü. (1980). Kitle İletişimi Açlslndan Toplumsal Egemenlik ve Kültürel Donanlmlarl. Kurgu, 3(1), 29-100.
  • Packard, V. (1957). The Hidden Persuaders. David McKay Publications.
  • Rick vd., (2014). The benefits of retail therapy: Making purchase decisions reduces residual sadness. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(3), 373-380.
  • Roche, D. (2000). A history of everyday things: the birth of consumption in France, 1600-1800. Cambridge University Press.
  • Schmitt, B. H. (1999). Experiential marketing: How to get customers to sense, feel, think, act, and relate to your company and brands. The Free Press.
  • Seçilmiş, İ. (2017). Freudyen iktisat. Ankara: Efil Yayınevi.
  • Stiegler, B. (2011). Pharmacology of desire: Drive-based capitalism and libidinal dis-economy. New Formations, 72(72), 150-161.
  • Sugden, R. (1991). Rational choice: A survey of contributions from economics and philosophy. The Economic Journal, 101(407), 751-785.
  • Taioka, K., ve Almeida, J. (2020). Impulsive buying behavior and unconscious motivation: A Freudian analysis. Journal of Behavioral Economics, 35(2), 230-245.
  • Teber, S. (2013). Bilimsel bir peri masalı: Freud’un aile ve tarihsel romanı. İstanbul: Okuyanus Yayınları.
  • Tiller, J. (2012). Hedonism: Historical Roots and Modern Applications. Routledge.
  • Tomšić, S. (2019). The capitalist unconscious: Marx and Lacan. Verso Books.
  • Trentmann, F. (2012). Empire of Things: How We Became a World of Consumers, from the Fifteenth Century to the Twenty-First. HarperCollins.
  • Trumbull, G. (2014). Consumer lending in France and America: Credit and welfare states. Cambridge University Press.
  • Tuomas, L. (2024). Lyotard’s Contribution to Political Economy and Psychoanalysis. Journal of Critical Theory, 30(1), 87-102.
  • Veblen, T. (1899). The theory of the leisure class. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Weijers, D. (2012). Hedonism and happiness in theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Winslow, E. (1986). John Maynard Keynes and the irrational economy. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 8(4), 550-568.
  • Zafirovski, M. (2000). The rational choice generalization of neoclassical economics reconsidered. Journal of Economic Issues, 34(2), 555-573.
  • Zaltman, G. (2003). How customers think: Essential insights into the mind of the market. Harvard Business Press.
  • Žižek, S. (1999). The ticklish subject: The absent centre of political ontology. Verso.
  • Žižek, S. (2006). The parallax view. MIT Press.
  • Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. PublicAffairs.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Microeconomics (Other)
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

İsmet Emir Kudubeş 0000-0002-3568-5084

Kerim Eser Afşar 0000-0002-9853-0186

Publication Date October 6, 2025
Submission Date February 25, 2025
Acceptance Date September 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kudubeş, İ. E., & Afşar, K. E. (2025). Kapitalizmin Bilinçdışı: Libidinal Ekonomi, Hedonik Tüketim ve Arzunun Yönlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Ekonomi İşletme Ve Politika Dergisi, 9(2), 517-538. https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1645925

Recep Tayyip Erdogan University
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Department of Economics
RIZE / TÜRKİYE