OSMANLILAR DÖNEMİNDE SELANİK'TE ASIRLAR BOYUNCA SÜREGİDEN YAHUDİ MEVCUDİYETİ

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 11, 85 - 96, 01.01.2017

Gülen Göktürk

Abstract

1492’de ilan edilen Elhambra Kararnamesi Yahudilerin İspanya’dan sürülmesini emrediyordu. Bunu takip eden dönemde İberya yarımadasının Yahudi mültecileri başta Selanik olmak üzere çeşitli Osmanlı kentlerine yerleşmeye başladılar. Onbeşinci yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren, şehirdeki Müslümanlar sayıca Yahudilerden sonra geliyorlardı. Aslında Selanik Osmanlı Sultanı 2. Murat tarafından fethedilmeden önce de şehirde Yunanca konuşan ve Romaniot adı verilen yerli bir Yahudi cemaat bulunuyordu ancak onların büyük bir kısmı İstabul’un 1453 yılındaki fethinden sonra yeni başkenti ekonomik olarak canlandırmak üzere İstanbul’a yerleştirilmişlerdi. Buna bağlı olarak Sefarad Yahudileri yerli Yahudileri de sayıca geçmişlerdi. İlginçtir ki, şehrin yeni Yahudi ve Müslüman cemaatleri, Rum Ortodokslardan daha kalabalık hale gelmişlerdi. Selanik bir Yahudi şehriydi ve bu durum şehrin 1913’te Yunanistan Krallığı’nın bir parçası haline gelmesine kadar sürdü. Türk-Yunan Mübadelesi 1923 , Filistin’e göçler ve Holokost’tu takiben Selanik tüm Yahudi ve Müslüman nüfusundan arındırılmış, homojen bir Yunan şehri haline gelmişti. Ancak her ne kadar geçmişte bir İslam impratorluğunun Yahudi kenti olarak varlığını sürdürmüş olsa da, hem Yunan hem de Türk tarihyazımı şehrin Yahudi geçmişini görmezden gelmeyi tercih etti. Buna bağlı olarak, bu makalede şehrin Yahudi geçmişinin ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel boyutları ele alınmaktadır

Keywords

Selanik, Osmanlı Yahudileri, Sefaradlar, Romaniotlar

JEWISH PRESENCE IN OTTOMAN SALONIKA THROUGHOUT CENTURIES

Abstract

With the arrival of the Sephardim following the issue of Alhambra Decree that ordered the expulsion of the Jews of Spain in 1492, Salonika became a Jewish center. Beginning from the late fifteenth century, Muslims happened to be the second largest group coming after the Jewish population. Before the conquest of the city by the Ottoman Sultan Murad II in 1430, Salonika already had local Greek-speaking Jews called Romaniots, many of whom were forced to resettle in Istanbul after its conquest in 1453 to revive the economy of the new capital. Accordingly, the Iberian refugees outnumbered the local Jews. Interestingly enough, the new Jewish and Muslim inhabitants of the city also exceeded in number the indegeneous Greek Orthodox population and Salonika remained as a Jewish city until it was annexed to the Kingdom of Greece in 1913. Following the Turco-Greek Population Exchange 1923 , migration flows to Palestine and the Holocaust, the city became a pure Greek city which was cleared from its Muslims and Jews. Despite its history as a Jewish center within an Islamic Empire, Salonika was never accepted as one of the major centers of Judaism in Turkish and Greek nationalist historiographies. For this very reason the article at hand aims at showing the Jewish life with its economic, social and cultural dimensions in Salonika throughout its presence as an Ottoman city

Keywords

Salonika, Ottoman Jewry, Sephardim, Romaniots

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